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18 • Justice Research and Policy <br />p.19). He or she may also have hobbies and interests that specifically appeal to <br />children, such as collecting specific toys or dolls. <br />A third way in which sex offenders might target victims is by choosing occu- <br />pations allowing access to children. Goldstein (1987, p. 108) argues that offend- <br />ers often become involved with programs catering to the children in their target <br />group, or they may become employed at a business that caters to children. <br />Goldstein further notes that if offenders are unable to get into a business that <br />caters to children, they might start one of their own. <br />Colton and Vanstone (1996) profiled seven men who were convicted of <br />sexually abusing children. In this study, all of the subjects’ occupations gave <br />them access to children. These occupations included working as a schoolteacher, <br />youth worker, church employee, and as a volunteer for various activities with <br />youth organizations. <br />Kelley, Brant, and Waterman (1993) argue that sexual abuse can occur in <br />any setting where children can be found and that sexual abuse perpetrators pur- <br />posely work to know the locations of concentrations of children. One place that <br />caters to children is day care centers. Several studies have been conducted to <br />determine the incidence of sexual abuse in the day care setting <br />Approximately 1 child in 10 is cared for outside the home (Crewdson, 1988, <br />p.117). There is a consensus that children in day care are at a higher risk for <br />sexual abuse (Kelley et al., 1993, p.71). Sexual abuse data indicate that an aver- <br />age of 5.5 children per 10,000 enrolled in day care are sexually abused (Murray, <br />2000, p. 213). Kelley et al. (p.71) report that many of the cases involving mul- <br />tiple or serial sexual abuse involve day care centers. In one of the most notori- <br />ous cases, Virginia McMartin, her daughter, her grandson, and many of the <br />preschool’s employees were charged with sexually abusing the children in their <br />care (Crewdson, p.134). This case was even more tragic given the evidence that <br />the daycare employees and other people in the community were involved in an <br />elaborate child sexual abuse ring, and that the day care had been set up for the <br />sole purpose of using children for sex (Crewdson, p.135). <br />Finkelhor, Williams, and Burns (1988) examined 500 day care facilities in <br />an attempt to determine if day cares were high-risk environments for sexual <br />abuse. They found 2,500 cases of child sexual abuse in the 500 facilities. Of the <br />perpetrators, 16% were the day care’s owner or director. In one case a man with <br />a previous conviction for child molestation convinced his wife to start a baby- <br />sitting service, illustrating the importance of the relationship between convicted <br />child sex offenders and day care centers (Finkelhor et al.). Investigators in the <br />case concluded that since all children at the day care were abused, the perpetrator’s <br />sole purpose in establishing the day care was to obtain access to children to <br />sexually abuse.