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� , <br /> mannagrasses, �rairie cordgrass and mints. Meadows may be present in shallow .lake basins,. <br /> sloughs, farmland"sags" or may border shaIlow marshe$ on the landward side.� <br /> Table 4 (Cowardin et al p. 28) includes witihin its description of Type 2 wetlands as fen and. <br /> � northern sedge meadow. The water regime as described as saturated (B). This description, as <br /> used by some plant ecologists and wetland scientists,is specifically limiting and at leasl in some <br /> instances does not suggest that reed canary grass dominated wetlands would faIl into this <br /> category. � <br /> Type 3—Ynland Shallow Fresh Marshes <br /> Iriland shallow fresh marshes (Type 3) wetlands have a soi] substrate fhat is usually waterlogged <br /> during the growing season and at some fimes may be covered with as much as 6 inches or more <br /> of water. Common vegetation includes grasses, bulrushes, spikerushes, and various other marsh <br /> plants such as cattails, arrowheads, pickerelweed, and smartweeds. Common representatives in <br /> the Norhh include reed, whitetop, rice cutgrass, cazex and giant�burxeed. Type 3 marshes may <br /> nearIy fill shallow lake basins or sloughs or may border deep marshes on the landward side. <br /> They may also occur as seep areas in agricultural fields resulting from faiiing drain tile systems <br /> or where sand seams are near�the surface.on.hillside slopes. <br /> � Cowardin et a�. (Table 4, ;pg 28) describes �he water regime as either seasonall.y t7ooded (C) or <br /> semipermanently flooded (F), The accurate categorization of Type 3 wetlands is most critical <br /> since seasonally flooded«�etlands containing reed canary grass are eligible for larger de nzinimus <br /> fills (up to 1 Q,000 square feet) fhan cattail marshes (only 400 square feet). The difference in <br /> hydrological regimes is discussed in the riext secfion. <br /> Type 7—Wooded Swamps <br /> Wooded swamps (Type 7) wetlands have a soil substrate that is "waterlogged to within a few <br /> inches of its surface" (Shaw and Fredine 1956, pg 22):during the growing season and ;often can <br /> be covered with as much as 1 foot of water. Type 7 weflands often occur along fhe edges of <br /> sluggish streams, on floodplains, on flat uplands and in very shallow lake basins. In the North, <br /> treas include tamaraak, arbor vitae, black spruce, balsam, red .maple, and black ash. Northern <br /> evergreen swamps frequently ha�e a thick ground cover of mosses. Deciduous swamgs <br /> frequently contain beds of duckweeds, smartweeds and other herbaceous plant s�pecies. <br /> Hardwood swamps frequentl.y are associated with Type 6, shrub swamp wetlands. <br /> Table 4 (Gowazdin. et al 1979, pg 28): srates that Type 7 wellands include a11 water regunes <br /> except permanently flooded. This description is inconsistent with the more specific description <br /> of Shaw and Fredine (1.956j that describes a Type 7 wetland as having waterlogged soil to ��ithin <br /> a few inches of the surface fhroughout the growing season. <br /> Wooded swamps (Type 7) are frequently mischaracterized as bottomland hardwoods (Type 1Lj, <br /> however there are significant differences in the hydrolo�ical regimes between t�he two. The <br /> nature of:fhese differences is discussed in a subsequent section. <br />