09-21-2015 Planning Commission Packet

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If cutting is to teke place in the winter, flag buckthorn so that similarly appearing native plants such as black cherry are not mistaken as buckthorn. One application of glyphosate (Roundup ar Rodeo)on the outer growth rings of a freshly cut stump in August or September has proven to be effective, though other treatments are known to work as well (Converse 2003). Applications during the autumn or winter are also proven to be successful. Do not apply glyphosate or other chemicals during the spring because this is considered the spring- flush growth period in which sap is nuining and the plant is using stored energy, Therefore, the chemicals that are applied in the spring will not make�eir way down to the buckthom's mots. Glyphosate is x nonselective herbicide that will kill non-target plants if it comes into contact with them. Managers should exercise caution during application, and not spray so heavily that herbicide drips off the target species. For areas that az-e adjacent to wetlands on site, chemical treatnnents must be labeled for aquatic use such as Rodeo. Basal bark application of Garlon 4� (University of Minnesota Extension Service 1999) is another option far a chemical application. To prevent dense re-infestations we advise careful monitoring of the site every 1-2 years. Upon the discovery of newly established plants it is recommended that the newly emerged plants be pulled out of the ground, including the roots, immediately. There are specialized weed pullers ta facilitate pulling larger plants. Pulling is the prefeaed option when there are localized infestations of small plants; t�orough monitoring shou�d ensure early detection of newly emerged seedlings. In the areas where the desirable species are present, selective treatment and removal are the preferred control measures. These measures include mechanical removal by hand of the smaller stems and cutting and painting the stems with h�erbicide of the larger stems. Buckthom remova� should occur before fruit development or after the fruit has dropped to prevent spread to ather locations if the materiial is to be transported. Removal by grading can occur when overall site grading is occuiring and/ar during the landscaping phase. In areas where major soil disturbance has occurred as a result of buckthorn removat, those areas should be replanted with species chosen from the fist in Attachment B. Not all species need to be used; the list is a guicle to species present in Maple-Basswood forests. The landscape contractor can use this list as a guide and use their discretion in species selection. During the buckthorn removal process it is important that soil disturbamce is kept to a minimnm and that already established native ground cover species are kept intact. By reducing this disturbance, rejuvenation of native plant species will increase and sail erosion will be kept to a minimum. On some sites,planting may not be required. Instead of planting, wait 2-3 years watching for natives to return from roots or seed. If a herb layer does not return after 1-2 years, Iay down a layer of mulch with wood chips or leaves to assist with native germination, Under-story clear-cutting is not suggested and should be avoided as an option for buckthorn removal. Th�is activity encourages herbaceous invaders such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and giarit knotwaed (Polygonum sachalinense} to take root in these distu.rbed areas. See Attachmezit E w}uch briefly describes buckthorn and the need for eradication. Svoboda Ecological Resources 8 1700 Shoreline Drive Project No.:2015-004 Irwin Jacobs