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for violations of either notification or reporting requirements for the newly mandated <br />federal program. <br />New gasoline (and perhaps these , fuel excise tax obligations for cities also <br />emerged at the close of the 1987 Congress. No longer will cities be eligible for a tax <br />exemption; instead cities must pay federal excise taxes cat the time of purchase and <br />then apply for a reF .a from the federal government on a quarterly basis, thereby <br />permitting the fede.al government the use and interest earnings (arbitrage) on the <br />taxes paid by local (and state) government. For smaller cities which purchase less <br />gasoline, the federal government appears intent on granting only an annual rebate <br />of the amount owed. <br />Tax -Exempt Financing. In the area of tax-exempt financing, cities continued to <br />experience severe declines in the level of private activity bonding. Nationally, the <br />reduction in municipal bond issues fell below $93.9 billion in 1987. The 1987 per <br />capita state volume limit of $75 has now fallen to $50 per capita for 1988. Although <br />Con. -ess refrained from imposing new restrictions on cities' authority to use tax- <br />exer ' financing, it is clear that many federal lawmakers remain convinced that such <br />met._ures are necessary to provide needed increased revenues to reduce the no- <br />tional deficit. <br />Cries' plans to finance purchase of privately -owned electric or gas utilities with <br />mun'dpal bonds also face new restrictions as a «. A legislation approved at the <br />close of the 1987 Congress. Acquisition of such I. is will only be allowed if the <br />plant is 10 or more years old and does not increase the geographic service area of <br />the city -owned facility by 10 percent or more. <br />