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the effects of past discrinination. •* Among the range of potential remedies for past discrimination, however, -race-conscious hiring is still the exception..." to what is considered to be "narrowly tailored- to achieve that interest.** As a commentator quoted by the Green court advised: While the circuit courts of appeals have indicated that they possess [the] power [to award race-conscious affirmative relief), they have been reluctant to use it. the federal appellate courts have preferred to issue less harsh orders such as recruiting and posting of notices of vacancies. Thev have tended to impose hiring orders only demonstrated• 640 F.Supp. at 1553 n.48 (emphasis added). In decermiining whether a particular race-conscious remedy for past discrimination is narrowly-tailored enough to pass Constitutional muster, the Supreme Court has loc)ced to several factors. Those factors are: (1) the necessity for the relief an-’ the efficacy of alternative remedies; (2) the flexibility and duration of the relief; (3) the relationship of the numerical goals to the relevant labor .market; and (4) the impact of the relief on third parties.-' The factors ensure that the remedy at issue is limited to redressing the effects of the discrimination justifying he case before this Court, an examination of theit.i? •■United States v. P'trgdise. 430 U.S. 149, 157 (1987); -Avgant v. Jackson 3cAird ct Hcinc^itic—4, 4*o j.o, , ^^4, ^95 (19So) (opinion or Powell, and concurring opinion of O'Conner, J.). ••green •/. United "tates Ptoel Corn., 540 F.Supp. 1521, 1552-53 (E.D. Pa- 1985). See d.;c Pr.ee': Meta, '■•■'ory.ers v. EECC, 478 U.S. 421, 475-76 (1986). 'Ed-wards . Citv c* Houston. 37 F.3d at 1113 (5th Cir. 1994) (citing United States"-. Paradise. 480 U.S. at 137 (Powell. J. concurring)). •'See Jer.l^.ir.s, 115 S.Ct. 2033 :1995).