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lU <br />indum <br />Dber 4, 1976 <br />^ £ <br />nneapolls <br />tMRj <br />m^.Mi ’"■■■ m_____ mmfir"*>» s«■ ''> <br />i# . V <br />V:’. <br />. • X <br />^ <br />ll *,oc^AftmeNr: <br />STATE Of- MtNNtSOiA <br />Office Memorandum <br />f • <br />FROM <br />. ♦ <br />Roger Johnson <br />Regional Wildlife Manager <br />DATE: November 19, 1976 <br />^4 <br />Phil Economon , . ^ Fish and Wildlife Pathologist <br />Ecological Services Section <br />SUBJECT: Pathology Report <br />Duck deaths at Birchcrest and i?J^s"*were investigated last month. About 30 mallar <br />were involved in what appeared to be the culmi­ <br />nation of the avian botulism outbreak of last <br />summer. <br />These ducks appeared to be late victims of botulism <br />with chronic symptoms related to <br />weakness and minimum exposure to the botulinum <br />toxin. <br />The necropsy bn the five mallards <br />eliminated fowl cholera, salmonellosis, duck plagu , <br />aspergillosis, and lead poisoning.. <br />Idiopathic anemia and atrophy are <br />a diagnosis of tertiary avian botulism in these <br />‘instances. <br />PPE:lls <br />cc:Gordon Gust <br />Oliver Jarvenpa <br />Dave Zappetillo <br />For Immed <br />^ %