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randum <br />ctober 4» 1976 <br />fr £ <br />Minneapolis <br />the I <br />’U <br />an <br />Is <br />Unms <br />^0 f r - -- —’ ^ — <br />Office Memorandum <br />•i’s V ., : ■ <br />1. ■ *■ ‘ ’ * '• <br />•>. <br />% <br />SUBJECT; <br />•* <br />Roger Johnson <br />Regional Wildlife Manager <br />Region VI <br />DATE: October 4, 1976 <br />Philip P. Econoiron <br />Fish and Wildlife Pathologist <br />Ecological Services Section <br />m <br />Pathology Report/Mallards/Grass Lake and Lake Harvey—S.W. Minneapolis <br />The examination of several moribund and dead Mil <br />above locations ruled out duck viral enteritis* fowl cholera. <br />The largest body of field and laboratory data points to avian <br />botulism as the cause of these mortalities which . <br />about three weeks ago. No recent mortalities <br />have been reported at these or other locations since then. <br />mth the onset of cooler weather and reduced biochemical <br />oxygen demand, the temperature and anaerobic conditions <br />which have promoted the growth of Type C, ctoatndvm hotuUnms <br />this summer win end. The toxin that had been formed also <br />degrades more rapidly under these circumstances. <br />Hatwal and Induced restoration of wateraffected lakes and ponds will do much to prevent similar <br />occurrences of avian botulism In the future* <br />PPE:lls <br />cc: R. Holmes <br />R. Jessen <br />R. Benson <br />0. Jarvenpa <br />i ■ <br />I’ <br />! :* <br />I* <br />* <br />^ V <br />•a.; a <br />Sr <br />; r <br />f • <br />• <br />• <br />••1 <br />t <br />k <br />k ‘ 1• <br />S <br />f <br />t ’ • <br />_________ ■ ^ ^!___________________________ <br />,s t .11 <br />DEPAfm/ieMr.:!^! <br />*dki <br />V ‘ <br />>- <br />TO <br />FROM <br />SUBJECT; <br />R <br />R <br />P <br />F <br />I <br />1 <br />% <br />a <br />1 <br />I