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' Official Series Description - KLOSSNER Series Page 2 of 3 ' percent in the organic surface and 5 to 20 percent in the 2A horizon. The reaction of the organic material ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Some organic layers contain free carbonates. The O horizon has hue of IOYR, 5YR, or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0 to 2. It is dominantly muck(sapric material) however, some pedons have thin layers of hemic material, less than 10 inches thick. ' Some pedons have highly organic mineral plow layers. ' The 2A horizon has hue of l OYR, 2.5Y, 5Y or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0 to 1. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam or mucky modifiers of these textures. It is moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Some pedons contain thin layers of coprogenous earth. The 2Cg horizon has hue of IOYR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or is neutral, value of 2 to 7 and chroma of 0 to 2. It is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam, or their ' gravelly or cobbly analogues. It is slightly acid to moderately alkaline. The upper 12 inches of this horizon averages less than 35 percent clay. Some pedons contain thin strata of fine sand, loamy sand, or silt. Gravel or cobble sized rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent by volume. Some pedons contain ' free carbonates. Sandy substratum and ponded phases are recognized. COMPETING SERIES: These are Linwood, Medo, Palms, Philbon and Shalcar series. Linwood soils ' have well expressed granular structure to depths of more than 12 inches and formed mainly in woody fibers. Medo soils have sandy textures in the lower part of the series control section. Palms soils have organic matter content greater than 75 percent and do not have an A horizon directly below the organic ' material. Philbon soils have fibric and hemic material in the upper 12 inches. Shalcar soils ave less than 26 degrees difference between mean January and mean July temperatures. ' GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Klossner soils are in basins that were formerly lakes or ponds, lake plains, till plains, flood plains, or moraines. They are also on hillside seep areas in moraines and sideslopes of river valleys. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. The soils on nearby uplands are generally loamy. The ' mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 24. to 32 inches. Frost free days range from 110 to 160. Elevations above sea level range from 800 to 1400 feet. GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the Canisteo, Harps, Okoboii, Glencoe, Muskeeo and Houghton soils. Canisteo and Harps soils are on the rims of depressions. ' Glencoe and Okoboji are at the outer edges of the depressions. Muskego and Houghton soils are in larger depressions. ' DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid in the organic layers and moderate or moderately slow in the loamy material. iUSE AND VEGETATION: The greater part of this soil is cultivated to corn, soybeans, small grains and specialty crops such as vegetables or grass sod. Other areas are in vegetation of grasses, reeds, ' sedges, alder, aspen, or willow. Some of the hillside seep areas are set aside as natural areas and called fens. DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The south central and southeast part of Minnesota and possibly northern Iowa. The series is extensive. http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/cgi-bin/osd/osdname.cgi?-P 11/2/2004