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., <br /> ,dgE * <br /> fi S <br /> di* agi. A11,11111 <br /> HONEY STORES <br /> Honey <br /> Pollen <br /> airrp------m"" <br /> it iii 'ite <br /> I t, wt.,* a {IN <br /> Lt F <br /> .., • <br /> 1 a u• <br /> i <br /> BROOD NEST <br /> • <br /> ENTRANCE <br /> Figure 3.The location of the brood, honey, and pollen inside of a honey bee colony(graphic by Anne Turnham). <br /> Castes <br /> A very advanced degree of social behavior is exhibited by honey bee colonies. They have a distinct caste <br /> system between queens and workers, as well as a division of labor within the worker caste. There are two <br /> complementary female castes: the queen that does all the egg laying and the workers that perform all the <br /> work associated with colony maintenance. Both the queen and workers are reared from fertilized eggs. Males, <br /> called drones, comprise the third caste whose sole function is to mate. Drones are reared from unfertilized <br /> eggs (through parthenogenesis). Amazingly, a fertilized egg has the potential to develop into either a queen <br /> or worker bee depending on the diet the young adult bees (nurse bees) feed to the developing larva. This <br /> differential feeding triggers gene expression and gene silencing (epigenetic changes), which facilitates larval <br /> development into two distinct yet interdependent castes. <br /> Ili <br /> Beekeeping in Northern Climates 4 <br />