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r magnetic fields range from approximately 13 to 70 miligauss depending upon structure type. 16 No Minnesota regulations have been established pertaining to magnetic fields from high-voltage transmission lines."' 120. The absence of any demonstrated impact by electric field and magnetic field exposure supports the conclusion that there is no demonstrated impact on human health and safety. No adverse effects from electric fields and magnetic fields on health are expected for persons living or working at locations along or near the proposed project.''' 121. The electric field from a transmission line in some instances can reach a nearby conductive object, such as a vehicle or a metal fence, which is in close proximity to the transmission line. This may induce a voltage on the object, which is dependent on many factors, including the weather conditions, object shape, size, orientation, capacitance and location along the right-of-way. If a voltage is induced on an object insulated from the ground and a person touches the object, a small current (induced voltage) would pass through their body to the ground. Most shocks from induced current are considered more of a nuisance than a danger. The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission electric field limit of 8 kV/m was designed to prevent serious hazard from shocks due to induced voltage under transmission lines. The NESC sets an induced current limit of five milliamps (mA) for objects under transmission lines. Proper grounding of metal objects under and/or adjacent to the transmission line is the best method of avoiding these shocks.1' 122. Stray voltage is an extraneous voltage that appears on grounded surfaces in buildings, barns and other structures, including utility distribution systems. Sources of stray voltage include a variety of on-farm wiring and grounding problems and off-farm problems related to connections on the electric distribution system. Sometimes a small voltage can develop at these grounding points and flow through the earth. This voltage is called a neutral-to-earth voltage (NEV). More precisely, stray voltage is a small voltage that is measured between two points that animals such as livestock can simultaneously come into contact with. When an animal simultaneously contacts these points a small current will flow through the animal These NEV currents may contribute to an excess of acceptable current in a livestock contact area on an adjoining farm. As such, stray voltage has primarily been raised as a concern on dairy farms because it may impact operations and milk production. Stray voltages are low-level voltages and should be distinguished from shocks felt by humans. Stray voltages are not lethal.120 "'Ex. 12 at p.36,Table 14 (EA) ''Ibid.at p. 32,Table 10 18 Ibid.at p. 36 "'Ibid.at pp.37-38 120 Ibid.at p. 37 24