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Providing the Sharper Edge in
Natural Resources & Environmental Consulting
ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
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2477 Shadywood Road • Excelsior,MN 55331 ,
(952)471-1100 • (952)471-0007(Fax)
1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Orono, MN
Wetland Classification, Identification, and
Delineation Report
Prepared for:
Ron Ridgeway
By:
Svoboda Ecological Resources
Project Number 2007-061-03
July 16th, 2007
The contents and format of this report are considered intellectual property and
are subject to copyright restrictions and may not be reproduced without
the express permission of Svoboda Ecological Resources.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 1
INTRODUCTION 2
METHODS 2
RESULTS 4
Background Information-(Office-Based Investigation) 4
Site Visit 7
DISCUSSION 15
RECOMMENDATIONS 16
CERTIFICATION 17
DATA SOURCES 18
LITERATURE REFERENCED 19
FULL FIGURE SET:
Figure 1: Site Map
Figure 2: National Wetlands Inventory
Figure 3: Hennepin County Soil Survey
Figure 4: DNR-Protected Waters
Figure 5: Approximate Wetland Boundaries and Sample Locations
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION:
Field Data Sheets
Plant Indicator Status
Soil Series Data
Wetland Definition
APPENDIX A:
Explanation of Cowardin and Circular 39 Wetland Classification Systems
ABSTRACT
Svoboda Ecological Resources (SER) visited the above referenced property on July 12th, 2007 to
examine the site for the presence of areas meeting wetland criteria. The study parcel is located
within the City of Orono, Hennepin County Minnesota, (Figure 1). Two wetland boundaries were
delineated at this site. Wetland 1 is defined as a Type 2/3–PEM1 C wetland. Wetland 2 is defined as
a Type 2 PEM1B wetland. 2 sample transects were established in order to characterize the soil,
vegetation, and existing hydrology within the wetland-to-upland transition zone.
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Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 1 Ron Ridgeway
INTRODUCTION
The subject parcel is approximately 2.50 acres and is dominated by broad-leaved deciduous forest,
wetland and a single-family home. The site is higher in topography on the west and north sides and
becomes increasingly lower in the south and east sides of the property (See Figure 1). The
surrounding land use consists of single-family homes. All identified wetlands and areas were
classified according to the Cowardin et al.and Circular 39 classification systems and staked with lath
or pin flags. Please find within the Technical Documentation Section; field data sheets, plant
indicator status information, soil survey information, and wetland definition information.
METHODS
The methods used to delineate the subject parcel are as described in the 1987 US Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and the 2007 Midwest Region Supplement Manual. In the
1987 Manual, the methods used were described under the "routine" methods for sites less than 5
acres. This methodology is followed in order to assess whether the three parameters of a wetland are
met for areas on the subject parcel. The three parameters required under normal circumstances in
order to delineate a wetland are described in the Technical Documentation Section.
The Midwest Regional Supplement Wetland Delineation Manual is also being utilized to increase
the accuracy of our wetland boundaries. This addendum to the original 1987 Manual was created to
address the many regional differences that affect wetlands and the delineation methods used
throughout the country. The following explanations are passages from that document.
"This Regional Supplement is part of a nationwide effort to address regional
wetland characteristics and improve the accuracy and efficiency of wetland-
delineation procedures. Regional differences in climate,geology,soils,hydrology
plant and animal communities,and other factors are important to the identification
and functioning of wetlands.These differences cannot be considered adequately in a
single national manual. The development of this supplement follows National
Academy of Sciences recommendations to increase the regional sensitivity of
wetland-delineation methods(National Research Council 1995).The intent of this
supplement is to bring the Corps Manual up to date with current knowledge and
practice in the region and not to change wetland boundaries." "...This Regional
Supplement is designed for use with the current version of-the Corps Manual
(Environmental Laboratory 1987)and all subsequent versions.Where differences in
the two documents occur, this Regional Supplement takes precedence over the
Corps Manual for applications in the Midwest Region."
National Wetland Inventory(NWI)maps(Figure 2),Soil Survey of Hennepin County maps(Figure
3), Minnesota Protected Waters maps (Figure 4), and 2003 and 2004 aerial photographs were
reviewed prior to the site visit to identify areas that may be wetlands. Areas illustrating evidence of
wetland conditions were examined in greater detail during the field survey. Vegetation, soils and
hydrology were examined(as outlined in the 1987 Manual) and used to characterize wetland types
and determine wetland boundaries. Sample transects were established in representative wetland-to-
upland transition zones in order to characterize the vegetation, soils, and hydrology of the site.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 2 Ron Ridgeway
Transects consisted of representative upland sample point(s) and representative wetland sample
point(s). Information obtained from the sample points can be found on the field data sheets located
in the Technical Documentation Section.
Wetland boundaries were marked at the site by blaze-orange"wetland boundary"flagging attached
to 4-foot wooden lath or pin flags.Where vegetation was dense,to assist in locating the flagged lath
(wetland edge), a second piece of flagging was attached to a nearby tree or shrub branch. The
"wetland boundary"is considered to be the topographically highest extent of the wetland basin;areas
below the staked boundary met the three required wetland criteria while areas above were lacking in
one or more of these criteria. Wetland classification followed methods described by Cowardin et al.
(1979) and used in the NWI (e.g. PEMB, PSS IC, etc.), completed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. The Circular 39 classification (Shaw and Fredine 1956) is also given (e.g. Type 1, Type
2...etc.). The indicator status of plants,as described in The Technical Documentation Section,was
determined using the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands — Region 3 (Sabine
1999)
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 3 Ron Ridgeway
RESULTS
Background Information- (Office-Based Investigation)
The NWI map (Excelsior Quadrangle) illustrates one palustrine basin (Figure 2) within the subject
parcel.
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Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 4 Ron Ridgeway
The Soil Survey of Hennepin County, Figure 3, indicates three soil series present on the subject
property: Erin, Hayden and Boots (See Figure 3). The Boots soil series is classified as a hydric soil
(SCS Hydric Soils of the United States),and are illustrated with blue crosshatching on Figure 3.Soil
series descriptions are given in the Technical Documentation Section
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Svoboda Ecological Resources
5
1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 Ron Ridgeway
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, State Protected Waters Map (Public Water
Inventory),indicates one public protected waterbody(#835W)present on the property. Original map
(black) and updated (blue) water boundaries are shown (Figure 4).
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Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 6 Ron Ridgeway
Site Visit
SER ecologists examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria during
the site visit. Two areas were found meeting the jurisdictional criteria of a wetland, for which a
boundary was determined, delineated, and staked (approximate wetland boundaries outlined in
yellow, Figure 5). Detailed soils, vegetation, and hydrology data for the delineated wetlands are
provided in the data sheets of the Technical Documentation Section.
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Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-0 61-03 Ron Ridgeway
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Photo 2: Wetland 1, showing spoil pile area.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 8 Ron Ridgeway
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Photo 4: Northern boundary of Wetland 2, showing spoil pile and rocks.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 9 Ron Ridgeway
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Photo 6: Wetland 2, showing wood mulch and southern delineated edge.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 10 Ron Ridgeway
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Photo 8: Wetland 1, facing southwest, showing spoil pile.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 1 1 Ron Ridgeway
Table 1: Delineated wetland descriptions.
Wetland NWI Class Field Visual Mapped Confirmed Hydrology Dominant Vegetation
# (Figure 5) Classification/Type Soil Unit Soil Unit Indicators
(Figure 5) (Figure 3)
1 PEMC PEM1C Boots Hamel Saturation on Carex lacustris,
Aerial Phalaris arundinacea,
Imagery, Typha angustifolia,
FAC-Neutral _ Vitis riparia
2 N/A PEM1B Boots Cordova Saturation, Polygonum amphibium,
Surface Soil Fraxinus pennsylvanica,
Cracks, Ulmus americana,
FAC- Acer negundo
Neutral, Dry
Season
Water Table
Wetland 1 is defined as a PEM1C Type 2/3. The wetland is dominated by Lake Sedge (Carex
lacustris, OBL),Reed Canarygrass(Phalaris arundinacea, FACW+),Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha
angustifolia, OBL), and Riverbank Grape(Vitis riparia, FACW-). The following trees dominated
the canopy above the wetland sample point: Common Buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica,FACU),Red
Oak (Quercus rubra, FACU), and Basswood (Tilia americana, FACU). These trees, although
dominant within the canopy, were not growing within the delineated wetland area, and therefore
were removed from the calculation of percentage of dominance. The upland area was dominated by
Common Buckthorn (tree, shrub and herb stratum), Red Oak, Riverbank Grape, and White
Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima, FACU).
Wetland 2 is defined as a PEM1B Type 1L/2 Wetland. Dominant vegetation includes Green Ash
(Fraxinus pennsylvanica, FACW), American Elm (Ulmus americana, FACW-), Boxelder (Acer
negundo, FACW-)and Water Smartweed(Polygonum amphibium, OBL). No upland sample point
was taken due the presence of landscaping and a thick layer of wood mulch adjacent to the delineated
wetland boundary.
Two spoil piles were observed on the eastern and western sides of the driveway(Wetlands 1 and 2,
respectively),south of the housing structure and the driveway. Our wetland boundaries were placed
around these spoil piles, as it is unclear at this time where the wetland existed before these mounds
were placed here. Most likely these spoil piles are within the wetland areas. SER is suggesting
either the removal of these spoil piles or a possible mitigation of these areas. It is the client's
intention to extend the driveway around the side of the house, at which time more wetland impacts
may also be occurring. Therefore,it may be reasonable to mitigate for the current and future wetland
impact at one time, once the size is known. Also, a mound of wood mulch exists on the southern
boundary in Wetland 2; our boundary in this section was based on topography, as there was no
vegetation present and soil was not accessible. Please see the photo log for pictures of these areas.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 12 Ron Ridgeway
DISCUSSION
SER completed all on-site delineations based on the three required technical criteria as outlined by
the 1987 Manual: the presence of hydric soils, a predominance of hydrophytic vegetation, and
indicators of wetland hydrology in each basin. The site visit portion of the wetland delineation was
completed on July 12, 2007.
SER personnel examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria during
the site visit and delineated the edge of two basins as being jurisdictional wetland (Figure 5).
Detailed soils, vegetation and hydrology data for this wetland is provided in the data sheets of The
Technical Documentation Section. A set of full-scale figures is given in the figures section.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Activities which impact or potentially impact wetlands are currently regulated at several levels of
government. In Minnesota, the two primary jurisdictions are covered at the state and federal levels
by the provisions of the following legislative actions.
➢ State jurisdiction by the Wetland Conservation Act of 1991 (WCA) administered
by the WCA Local Governmental Unit (LGU).
➢ Federal jurisdiction by the Clean Water Act of 1972 and subsequent amendments.
Wetland protection is implemented by the Corps of Engineers (Corps) with permit
certification issued by the Environmental Protection Agency.
While the wetland boundary that SER has delineated is not official until approved by a WCA
approved local government unit(LGU), SER advises the property owner/developer to refrain from
any filling, draining, or excavating, or any impact to the area SER has delineated as wetland. No
grading or filling in wetland basins should commence until all necessary permits have been obtained.
Violation of wetland regulations has resulted in substantial civil and criminal penalties. Local
ordinances may regulate wetland modifications such as brush and tree removal and burning in
addition to grading and filling. Depending on the location of the property, buffers around the
wetland may also be protected. Any activities in the proximity of the wetland should be cleared with
appropriate WCA regulatory agencies. It is also advisable to have the wetland boundary surveyed
by a licensed land surveyor. Since the lath used along the boundary can be vandalized or
inadvertently knocked over, a survey of the lath will assure the permanence of the boundary. The
client should also be aware that approved wetland boundaries are typically valid for only three years
from the date of approval.
To avoid project delays associated with wetland regulations,it is essential that you acquire necessary
permits from all jurisdictional agencies before initiating activities. A WCA Sequencing form, a
WCA and Army Corps of Engineers Replacement Plan Application form, and a DNR permit
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 13 Ron Ridgeway
application are among the materials that you may be required to submit if impacts are proposed for
the delineated wetlands. By initiating the permit process as soon as possible,potential costly delays
to the project may be avoided.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 14 Ron Ridgeway
CERTIFICATION
Brian Burner Emmy y Baskerville and Josh Johnston completed the above-described delineation on
July 12th, 2007. This delineation was performed according to the procedures described by the US
Army Corps of Engineers in the 1987 Wetlands Delineation Manual and the 2007 Midwest Region
Supplement Wetland Delineation Manual. The delineation meets the standards and a criterion
described in these manuals and conforms to the applicable standards and regulations in force at the
time the delineation was completed.
Report prepared by Emmy Baskerville (Wetland Ecologist I), and graphics prepared by Josh
Johnston (GIS Specialist) on this day, July 16th, 2007.
Client: Rod Ridgeway
Project Name: 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03
Location: Orono, Minnesota
/4/4 110 Li
Wetland l u o� st I
GIS Specialist
d
President, Svoboda Ecological Resources
Date
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.: 2007-061-03 15 Ron Ridgeway
DATA SOURCES
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Protected Waters Inventory Map, Hennepin County.
1985, Revised 1996.
Soil Survey of Hennepin County. April, 1965 U.S.D.A. 4Opp. plus appendices.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory Map—Excelsior
Quadrangle. 1991. (Taken from May 1980 aerial photographs).
USGS Quadrangle Map—Excelsior 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Minnesota, U.S.A.
2004 USGS Aerial Color Photos. Publicly Distributed Over the USGS Website.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 16 Ron Ridgeway
LITERATURE REFERENCED
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and R.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31.
103pp.
Eggers, Steve D. and Donald M. Reed. 1997. Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of
Minnesota and Wisconsin. US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District. 263pp, unclassified.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2007. Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers
Wetland Delineation Manual: Midwest Region. ed. J.S. Wakeley, R.W. Lichvar, and C.V.
Nobel. ERDC/EL TR- . Vicksburg, MS: US Army Engineer Research and Development
Center.
Gleason, H.A. and A.C. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United
States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 910pp.
National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils. 1991. Hydric Soils of the United States.
USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., Misc. Publication Number 1491. 1991.
Sabine, B. J. 1999. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: Region 3—North
Central(Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin). Resource
Management Group, Inc. 77pp.
Shaw, S.P., and C.G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlands of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Circular 39. 67pp.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 17 Ron Ridgeway
FIGURES
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 18 Ron Ridgeway
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"• Figure 1
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;:'Y Ecological Resources Feet Figure 2
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of Section 35,T118N,R23W Overlaid on 2004 Aerial Photography Mer atoriZone 15 Ne
Q Approximate Parcel Boundary Boundary Source
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:i',, Ecological Resources Feet
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Boundary Source s
A roximate Parcel Boundar Hennepin County
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`,. Ecological Resources Feet
• Figure 4
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of Section 35,T118N,R23W Overlaid on 2004 Aerial Photography Mercator
Transvers
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(=Approximate Parcel Boundary Boundary Source
* Approximate Wetland Boundary Hennepin County
Parcel Database
Il S V O B O DA 0 Sample Points 290 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
�s` Orono, MN
, .r, Ecological Resources Feet Figure 5
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Field Data Sheets
Svoboda Ecological Resources 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
Project No.:2007-061-03 19 Ron Ridgeway
'ii,
l
' - SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
,- - JAI! Wetlands Inventory& Delineation•Fisheries•Wildlife •Natural Communities
Project/Site: 1350 Orono Oaks Drive City/County: Hennepin Sampling Date: 7/12/2007
Applicant/Owner: Ron Ridgeway State: MN Sampling Point: SP 1-1 Wet
Investigator(s): EDB/BKB/JJJ Section,Township,Range: NE 1/4 SW 1/4 Sec 35,T118N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name: Boots Nwi classification: PEM/SS1
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? Yes ✓ No (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation ,Soil ,or Hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes V No
Are Vegetation ,Soil ,or Hydrology naturally problematic? (If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects,important features,etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes '' No Is the Sampled Area within a Wetland? Yes 6iNo
Hydric Soil Present? Yes ✓ No Distance from Delineated Edge 10 Ft. Above Below ✓
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes ✓ No
Remarks:
VEGETATION—Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test worksheet:
Tree Stratum (Plot sizes: ) %Cover Suedes? Status
Number of Dominant Species
1 Rhamnus cathartica 25 ✓ FACU That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 4 (A)
2 Quercus rubra 15 V FACU Total Number of Dominant
3. Tilia americana 25 V FACU Species Across AU strata: 4 (B)
4. Rhamnus frangula 10 FAC+
Percent of Dominant Species
5 That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100 (NB)
Total Cover: 75
Saolina/Shrub Stratum ( ) Prevalence Index worksheet:
1. Total%Cover of: Multiply by:
2. OBL spades x 1-
3. FACW species x 2=
4. FAC spades x 3-
5. FACU species x 4-
Total Cover: UPL species x 5 in
Stratum ( ) Column Totals: (A) (B)
1. Carex lacustris 30 ✓ OBL
2. Phalaris arundinacea 15 V FACW+ Prevalence Index •B/A- N/A
3. Solanum dulcamara 10 FAC Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4. Rhamnus frangula 10 FAC+ ✓ Dominance Test Is>50%
5. Typha angustifolia 20 ✓ OBL _ Prevalence Index is 53.0'
6. _ Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting
data In Remarks or on a separate sheet)
7.
8 _ Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain)
9.
10. 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
be present.
Total Cover: 85
Woody Vine Stratum ( )
1. Vitis riparia 10 be FACW- Hydrophytic
Vegetation
2' Present? Yes ✓ No
Total Cover: 10
Remarks: (Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet.)
Dominant tree species were removed from the calculation of percent of hydrophytes present. These trees were present within the canopy,but were not growing
in the wetland itself.
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region-DRAFT Version 6-1-2007
�� SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
ki /f..- Wetlands inventory&Delineation•Fisheries•Wildl/J •Natural Communities
SOIL Sampling pant SP 1-1 Wet
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) Type' Loc2 Texture Remarks
0-8" 10YR 2/2 1 OYR 3/3 C M Loam F/F/D
8-15" 1OYR 2/2 1OYR 3/3 C M SCL F/F/D
15-25" N2.5/0 10Y 5/1 D M SC F/M Inclusions
10YR 3/4 C M/P C/F/P
25"+ 7.5YR 4/1 7.5YR 4/3 C M SC C/F/D
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Redu ced Matrix.CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2Location: PL-Pore Unirg,M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils':
_ Histosol(A1) _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _ Coast Prairie Redox(A16)
_ Hiatic Epipedon(A2) _ Sandy Redox(S5) _ Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)
_ Black Histic(A3) _ Stripped Matrix(S6) Other(Explain in Remarks)
_ Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)
Stratified Layers(A5) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2)
_ 2 cm Muck(A10) _ Depleted Matrix(F3)
_ Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) Redox Dark Surface(F6)
_ Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _ Depleted Dark Surface(F7) 'Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _ Redox Depressions(F8) wetland hydrology must be present.
_ 5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)
Restrictive Layer M observed):
Type:
Depth(Inches): _ Hydrin Soil Present? Yes ✓ No
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology indicators:
primary Indicators(minimum of one Is required:check all that apply) Secondary indicators(minimum of two required)
_ Surface Water(A1) _Water-Stained Leaves(89) _ Surface Soil Cracks(88)
_ High Water Table(A2) _Aquatic Fauna(B13) _ Drainage Patterns(B10)
_ Saturation(A3) _True Aquatic Plants(B14) _ Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
_Water Marks(B1) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(C1) _ Crayfish Burrows(CO)
_ Sediment Deposits(B2) _ Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots(C3) v Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
_ Drift Deposits(B3) _ Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _ Geomorphic Position(D2)
_ Algal Mat or Crust(B4) _ Recent Iron Reduction M Tilled Soils(C6) FAC-Neutral Test(135)
_ Iron Deposits(B5) _ Thin Muck Surface(C7)
_ inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(B7) _ Gauge or Wall Data(D9)
_
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8) Other(Explain in Remarks)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes No ° Depth(incurs): N/A
Water Table Present? Yes No Depth(inches): N/A
Saturation Present? Yes No Depth(itches): N/A Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes ✓ No
(Includes capolary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region—DRAFT Version 6-1-2007
,�11
f4/1SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
1 / -
i She Wetlands Inventory& Delineation•Fisheries•Wildlife•Natural Communities
Projecd//Site: 1350 Orono Oaks Drive City/County: Hennepin Sampling Date: 7/12/2007
Applicant/Owner. Ron Ridgeway State: MN Sampling Point: SP 1-1 Up
Investigator(s): EDB/BKB/JJJ Section,Township,Range: NE 1/4 SW 1/4 Sec 35,Tl 18N,R23W
Landform(hiflslope,terrace,etc.): Local relief(concave,convex,none):
Slope(%): Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name: Boots NWI classification: N/A
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? Yes _ No (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation ,Soil ,or Hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes ✓ No
Are Vegetation ,Soil ,or Hydrology naturally problematic? (If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects,Important features,etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes No ✓ Is the Sampled Area within a Wetland? Yes No ✓
H ric Soil Present? Yes No
� Distance from Delineated Edge 10 Ft. Above s' Below
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No ''
Remarks:
VEGETATION—Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test worksheet:
Tree Stratum (Plot sizes: ) %Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species
1. Rhamnus cathartica 50 ✓ FACU That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 1 (A)
2 Quercus rubra 20 ✓ FACU Total Number of Dominant
3. Tilia americana 10 FACU Species Across All Strata: 6 (B)
4.
Percent of Dominant Species
5• That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 16 (NB)
Total Cover: 80
EARIkallbnalattiliKa ( ) Prevalence Index worksheet:
1. Rhamnus cathartica 10 ✓ FACU Total%Cover of: Multiply by:
2. OBL species x 1=
3. FACW species x 2=
4. FAC species x 3=
5. FACU species x 4=
Total Cover: 10 UPL species x 5=
Herb�Sfrat ( ) Column Totals: (A) (B)
1. Rhamnus cathartica 60 ✓ FACU
2. Ageratina altissima 20 ✓ FACU Prevalence Index ■B/A= N/A
3. Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4• _ Dominance Test is>50%
5. _ Prevalence Index is 53.0'
6, _ Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting
data in Remarks or on a separate sheet)
7.
8. —
Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain)
9.
'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
10. be present.
Total Cover. 80
1 Woody Vine Stratum ( )
1. Vitis riparia 20 ✓ FACW- Hydrophytic
Vegetation
2. Present? Yes No ✓
Total Cover: 20
Remarks: (Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet.)
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region-DRAFT Version 6-1-2007
' 31',.*SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Aliri1.7 Wetlands Inventory&Delineation•Fisheries•f!ildI(/L•Natural Communities
SOIL Sampling Point SP 1-1 Up
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Tvoe' Loc Texture Remarks
0-8" IOYR 2/1 C M Loam root material
8-14" 10YR 2/1 C M CL
14-17" 1OYR 2/I 2.5Y 4/2 D M SC C/C/D
17-24" 5Y 5/3 5YR 4/6 C M Fine SCL C/C/P,w/coarse sand material
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 'Location: PL-Pore UNng,M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators: indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils°:
_ Histosol(A1) _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _ Coast Prairie Redox(A16)
_ Histic Epipedon(A2) _ Sandy Redox(S5) _ Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)
_ Black Histic(A3) _ Stripped Matrix(S6) _ Other(Explain in Remarks)
_ Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)
_ Stratified Layers(A5) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2)
_ 2 cm Muck(A10) _ Depleted Matrix(F3)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(Al1) _ Redox Dark Surface(F8)
_ Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _ Depleted Dark Surface(F7) 'Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral(SI) _ Redox Depressions(F8) wetland hydrology must be present.
_ 5 ken Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)
Restrictive Layer Of observed):
Type:
Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes No
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that aooiv) ,Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required)
Surface Water(A1) _ Water-Stained Leaves(B9) _ Surface Soil Cracks(88)
_ High Water Table(A2) _Aquatic Fauna(813) Drainage Patterns(810)
Saturation(A3) _ True Aquatic Plants(B14) ,_ Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
_Water Marks(B1) Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(C1) _ Crayfish Burrows(C8)
_ Sediment Deposits(B2) _ Oxidized Rhizospheres on living Roots(C3) _ Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
_ Drift Deposits(63) _ Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _ Geomorphic Position(D2)
_ Algal Mat or Crust(64) _ Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils(C8) _ FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
_ iron Deposits(B5) _ Thin Muck Surface(C7)
_ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(B7) _ Gauge or Well Data(D9)
_ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(88) _ Other(Explain in Remarks)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes No r Depth(inches): N/A
Water Table Present? Yes No ° Depth(inches): N/A
Saturation Present? Yes No ° Depth(incise): N/AWetland Hydrology Present? Yes No
(incudes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous Inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region—DRAFT Version 6-1-2007
t '1
/. 4 SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
%,'f.,ll Wetlands Inventory&Delineation•Fisheries•Wildlife•Natural Communities
Project/Site: 1350 Orono Oaks Drive City/County: Hennepin Sampling Date: 7/12/2007
Applicant/Owner: Ron Ridgeway State: MN Sampling Point: SP 2-1 Wet
Investigator(s): EDB/BKB/JJJ Section,Township,Range: NE 1/4 SW 1/4 Sec 35,Tl 18N,R23W
Landform(hilislope,terrace,etc.): Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name: Boots NWI dassiflcatlon: N/A
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? Yes ✓ No (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation ,Soll ,or Hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes ✓ No
Are Vegetation ,Soil ,or Hydrology naturally problematic? (If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects,important features,etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes ✓ No Is the Sampled Area within a Wetland? Yes `' No
Hydric Soil Present? Yes '' No Distance from Delineated Edge 10 Ft. Above Below ✓
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes ✓ No
Remarks:
VEGETATION—Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test worksheet:
Tree Stratum (Plot sizes: ) %Cover Image Status
I. Fraxinus pennsylvanica 20 V FACW Number of Dominant SpeciesA4
'That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: (A)
2. Ulmus americana 20 V FACW-
Total Number of Dominant
3. Acer negundo 10 ✓ FACW- Species Across All Strata: 4 (B)
4.
Percent of Dominant Species
5. 100 Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100 (NB)
Total Cover: 50
Salina/Shnib Stratum ( ) Prevalence Index worksheet:
1. Total%Cover oft MultloIv by:
2. OBL species x 1 a
3. FACW species x 2 Is
4. FAC species x 3=
5. FACU species x 4=
Total Cover: UPL species x 5 a
Herb Stratum ( ) Column Totals: (A) (B)
1. Polygonum amphibium 80 V OBL
2. Solanum dulcamara 5 FAC Prevalence Index Is B/A a N/A
3. Poa palustris 5 FACW+ Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4. Pilea pumila 5 FACW r Dominance Test is>50%
5. Moss spp. 5 _ Prevalence Index is 53.0'
6. _ Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting
data In Remarks or on a separate sheet)
7.
8 _ Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain)
9.
'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
10. be present.
Total Cover: 100
Woody Vine Stratum ( )
1. Hydrophytic
Vegetation
2. Present? Yes ✓ No
Total Cover.
Remarks: (Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet.)
Bare soil also present @<5%
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region—DRAFT Version 6-1-2007
4SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
, Wetlands lnventoty&Delineation•Fisheries•MON..•Natural Communities
SOIL Sampling Point: SP 2-1 Wet
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the Indicator or confirm the absence of Indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) � Tvoe' LocZ Texture Remarks
0-6" 10YR 4/1 l OYR 4/3 C M SiCL M/C/D
6-14" IOYR 3/1 1OYR 3/4 C M SiCL F/F/D
14-28" N2.5/0 10YR 4/2 C M SiCL C/C/D redox
'Type: C-Concentration,D-Depletion,RM-Reduced Matrix,CS-Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2Location: PL-Pore Lining,M-Matrix.
Hydric Soil indicators: indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils':
_ Histosol(Al) _ Sandy Gieyed Matrix(S4) _ Coast Prairie Redox(A16)
_ Histic Epipedon(A2) _ Sandy Redox(S5) _ Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)
_ Black Histic(A3) _ Stripped Matrix(S8) _ Other(Explain in Remarks)
_ Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)
_ Stratified Layers(A5) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2)
_ 2 cm Muck(A10) = Depleted Matrix(F3)
_ Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) _ Redox Dark Surface(F6)
_ Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _ Depleted Dark Surface(F7) 'indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _ Redox Depressions(F8) wetland hydrology must be present.
_ 5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)
Restrictive Layer Of observed):
Type:
Depth(Inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes ✓ No
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
prirguv Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that aeoly) Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required)
_ Surface Water(A1) _Water-Stained Leaves(B9) ° Surface Soil Cracks(86)
_ High Water Table(A2) _ Aquatic Fauna(813) _ Drainage Patterns(B10)
Saturation(A3) _ True Aquatic Plants(B14) v Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
_Water Marks(91) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(C1) _ Crayfish Burrows(C8)
_ Sediment Deposits(B2) _ Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots(C3) _ Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
_
Drift Deposits(B3) _ Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _ Geomorphic Position(D2)
_Algal Mat or Crust(B4) _ Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils(C6) = FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
_ Iron Deposits(85) _ Thin Muck Surface(C7)
_ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(87) _ Gauge or Well Data(09)
_ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(88) _ Other(Explain in Remarks)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes No ° Depth(inches): N/A
Water Table Present? Yes r No Depth(inches): 25"
Saturation Present? Yes ° No Depth(inches): 6" Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes ✓ No
(indudes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),If available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region-DRAFT Version 6-1-2007
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Plant Indicator Status
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INDICATOR CATEGORIES*
Obligate Wetland (OBL)—Occur almost always (estimated probability >99%) under natural
conditions in wetlands.
Facultative Wetland (FACW)—Usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67%- 99%),
but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
Facultative (FAC)—Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability
34%- 66%).
Facultative Upland (FACU)—Usually occur in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-
99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability I%- 33%).
Obligate Upland (UPL)—Occur in wetlands in another region, but occur almost always
(estimated probability >99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the region specified. If
a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List.
*Reed, P.B. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: Minnesota. National
Wetlands Inventory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Petersburg, Florida.
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THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Soil Series Descriptions
Acquired from Natural Resource Conservation Service Website, Official Soil Series Descriptions
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BOOTS SERIES
The Boots series consists of deep, very poorly drained soils formed in organic material.These soils have moderate or
moderately rapid permeability. Slopes are less than 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 30 inches,and
mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Euic, mesic Typic Haplohemists
TYPICAL PEDON: Boots muck- on a slope of less than 1 percent in an undisturbed area at an elevation of about
821 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oal--0 to 4 inches; black(5YR 2/1),dark reddish brown(5YR 2/2) rubbed sapric material;about 15 percent fiber,5
percent rubbed; massive; very friable;common fine roots; primarily herbaceous fibers; neutral (pH 7.0 in water);
clear wavy boundary.
Oa2--4 to 10 inches;dark reddish brown(5YR 2/2),dark reddish brown(5YR 3/2)rubbed sapric material; about 20
percent fiber,5 percent rubbed; massive; very friable;primarily herbaceous fibers; neutral (pH 7.0 in water);clear
wavy boundary.
Oe--10 to 60 inches;dark reddish brown(5YR 3/2),dark brown(7.5YR 3/2)rubbed hemic material;about 70
percent fiber,20 percent rubbed; weak platy structure; very friable; primarily herbaceous fibers; neutral (pH 7.0 in
water).
TYPE LOCATION: Columbia County,Wisconsin;about 6 miles east of Wisconsin Dells in Weeting Marsh; 2,280
feet north and 1,059 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 10,T. 13 N., Re 7 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The organic layers are more than 51 inches thick. The organic material is
primarily herbaceous fibers. Some pedons contain up to 15 percent by volume of woody fragments that cannot he
crushed between the fingers. Layers within the control sections typically have pH of 6.0 to 7.0 in water,but range
from pH 5.6 to 7.3. In some pedons, free carbonates are in subhorizons of the subsurface tier. In some pedons thin
layers contain as much as 20 percent mineral material. Layers within subsurface and bottom tiers have 10YR, 7.5YR,
or 5YR hue, value of 2 through 4,and chroma of 1 through 4. The layers in the surface tier are predominantly sapric
material, but in some pedons they are primarily hemic material.These layers are commonly massive, but in some
pedons they have weak coarse subangular blocky or weak platy structure.The layers in the subsurface and bottom
tiers are predominantly hemic material. In some pedons, layers of sapric materials are within the subsurface and
bottom tiers but total thickness is less than 10 inches.The layers in the subsurface and bottom tiers commonly have
weak platy structure or they are massive.
COMPETING SERIES:These are the McMurray and Seattle series in the same family and the Carbondale,
Carlisle,Caron,Greenwood, Houghton, Lena,Loxley,Lupton, Rifle, Spalding,and Tacoosh series. McMurray soils
consist mainly of woody fibers. Seattle soils have more acid sola and have moist winters and dry summers.
Carbondale,Greenwood,Loxley,Lupton, Rifle, Spalding,and Tacoosh soils are frigid. In addition,Carbondale,
Loxley,and Lupton soils have sapric material dominant in the control section and Tacoosh soils have mineral
substrata at depths ranging from 16 to about 50 inches. Carlisle, Houghton,and Lena soils have sapric material
dominant in the control section.In addition,Lena soils are calcareous throughout.Caron soils have limnic substrata
at depths ranging from 16 to about 50 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Boots soils are in depressions within moraines,outwash areas, and lake basins. Slope
gradients are less than 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is estimated to range from 45 to 54 degrees F,and mean
annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:These are the competing Houchton soils and the Adrian and Palms
soils. These soils occupy similar positions on the landscape. Adrian and Palms soils consist of sapric material above
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mineral substrata which is at depths of less than 50 inches. Very poorly drained,poorly drained,or somewhat poorly
drained mineral soils are commonly along the outer boundary.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Surface runoff and internal drainage are very slow or
ponded. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are primarily in woodland, but in some places the vegetation is chiefly
reeds,sedges,and cattails.Principal woodland vegetation is tamarack,dogwood,poison sumac,alder,and willow
with ground cover of sphagnum moss,marsh grasses,sedges,reeds,and cattails. Ground cover varies with amount of
sunlight and microrelief.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central part of Wisconsin, northern Iowa,southern Minnesota, southern
Michigan,and New York.The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul,Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County,Wisconsin, 1972.
REMARKS:It is believed that the depressional positions, which these soils occupy,are frost pockets with a slightly
cooler microclimate than adjacent uplands. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Organic material has 12 percent or more organic carbon and is dominatly hemic in the subsurface tier(12 to 36
inches).The fiber content meets neither the rubbed fiber content or sodium pyrophosphate solubility requirements
for either fibric or sapric materials. Soil temperature is mesic(47 to 59 degrees F).
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ERIN SERIES
The Erin series consists of deep, well drained and moderately well drained soils with moderately
slow permeability. They formed in a 3 to 10 foot thick layer of shale rich till. Underlying this is a
calcareous loamy till. Slopes range from 2 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 30
inches. Mean annual temperature is about 49 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Glossic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Erin silt loam on a 12 percent convex shaped north to northwest facing
wooded slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam; gray(10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular
structure; very friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 5 inches)
E1--3 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; light brownish gray(10YR 6/2) dry;
weak and moderate medium platy structure; very friable; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
E2--9 to 12 inches; dark gray(10YR 4/1) silt loam; light gray
(10YR 6/1) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; medium acid; clear
wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of E horizons is 0 to 10 inches.)
B/E--12 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam(Bt); light brownish gray(10YR
6/2) silt coatings on peds (E); moderate and strong fine and medium subangular structure; about
3 percent coarse
fragments, mostly shale; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Btl--22 to 33 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)clay; few fine
prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong
fine and medium angular and subangular blocky; very firm; many distinct very dark grayish
brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent coarse fragments, mostly shale;
very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--33 to 44 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4 and 5/6) clay
loam; few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; strong coarse prismatic structure
parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR
3/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 8 percent coarse fragments, mostly shale; very strongly
acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--44 to 57 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4 and 5/6) clay
loam; common medium distinct light brownish gray(2.5Y 6/2) mottles and a few fine prominent
reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium
angular blocky; firm; many distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR
4/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent coarse fragments, mostly shale; many fine old
root channel fillings of black clayey-organic material; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
(Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 15 to 40 inches.)
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BC--57 to 65 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; common medium distinct light
brownish gray(2.5Y 6/2) and few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; massive,
some vertical fractures; firm; few distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and dark grayish brown
(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of vertical fractures; about 3 percent coarse fragments, mostly
shale; few iron and manganese oxide concretions; common old root channel fillings of black
clayey-organic material; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
C--65 to 71 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; common fine faint light olive brown
(2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; massive; some vertical
fractures; firm; about 4 percent fragments, mostly shale; slightly effervescent; mildly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Rice County, Minnesota; approximately 11 miles west of Faribault,
Minnesota, 1320 feet south and 620 feet west of the northeast corner of section 17, T. 110 N., R.
22 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum and depth to lime ranges from
40 to 75 inches. The solum contains up to 10 percent coarse fragments, however, a dominant
portion of this is shale that may not make the definition of a fragment. The upper 12 inches is
free of coarse fragments and contains a high content of silt in some pedons.
The A horizon is typically silt loam or loam but ranges to clay loam in eroded areas. The A has
value of 2 through 4 moist and 4 through 6 dry. The Ap has value of 3 or 4 moist and 6 dry.
The E has value of 4 or 5 moist and 6 or 7 dry. It is silt loam or loam.
The B/E horizon has up to 15 percent of coatings of E as interfingering into the Bt horizon. The
Bt portion has properties similar to the Bt horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR value or 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 through 6. Subhorizons
with high chroma mottles are not considered outside the range. Content of clay ranges from 35 to
45 percent. Textures included are clay loam, silty clay loam, clay or silty clay.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value or 4 through 8 and chroma of 2 through 6.
Texture is loam or clay loam. It contains 2 through 10 percent coarse fragments with some parts
of it dominated by shale fragments.
COMPETING SERIES: No known competing series in this taxonomic class. Selected similar
soils are Hortonville, Kilkenny, Lerdal, Marlette, Perrington and Shorewood series. Hortonville
and Marlette series lack the clay to quality for the fine particle size class. Kilkenny and
Shorewood soils lack quantative interfingering of E horizon in to the B horizon. Also,
Shorewood soils lack fragments in the solum. Lerdal soils have lower chroma colors in the upper
solum and are wet for longer periods. Perrington soils have thinner sola and are of mixed
minerology.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Erin soils are on gently sloping to very steep terrain within the end
moraines of the Des Moines lobe of the late Wisconsinan glaciation. Slopes are short and are
plane or convex, and have gradients of 2 to 35 percent. The regolith in the upper 3 to 10 feet is
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rich in shale minerals, especially in the sand to pebble sized fraction. This shale is softened and
difficult to separate by particle class separates. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 48
degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is about 27 to 30 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and moderately well drained. Runoff is
medium and rapid. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: It is used for growing small grains, corn and hay. Many areas are
under native deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South central Minnesota. Moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, December, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: Ochric epipedon-the zone from
the surface of the soil to a depth of 13 inches (A horizons); Albic horizon - the zone from 3 to 12
inches (E1 and E2 horizons); argillic horizon-the zone from 12 inches to 57 inches (B/E, Btl,
Bt2, and Bt3 horizons); Glossoboric subgroup based on interfingering of E into Bt horizon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to S60 MINN-66-2 for data on the typifying pedon.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
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HAYDEN SERIES
The Hayden series consists of deep well drained soils that formed in calcareous loamy glacial till
on glacial moraines and till plains. These soils have moderate permeability. Their slopes range
from 2 to 40 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches, and mean annual temperature
is about 46 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Glossic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hayden loam with a 6 percent convex slope on a terminal moraine in a
deciduous forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 2 inches; very dark gray(10YR 3/1) loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;
about 5 percent coarse fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
E--2 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) light loam; weak thin platy structure; very
friable; few very dark gray(10YR 3/1) worm casts in upper part; about 5 percent coarse
fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
BE--9 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; many distinct coatings of clean sand and silt particles on faces of peds;
about 5 percent coarse fragments; medium acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Btl--14 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular
blocky structure; firm; few faint coatings of clean sand and silt particles and few faint dark
yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent coarse fragments;
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--28 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate fine and medium prismatic
structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark
yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent coarse fragments; few
prominent black clayey fillings in root channels; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--38 to 43 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; few fine prominent reddish brown
mottles; moderate fine and medium prismatic structure; friable; few distinct dark yellowish
brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent course fragments; slightly acid;
abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 12 to 30 inches.)
C--43 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; few fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)
and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) mottles; massive; friable; and 5 percent coarse fragments; slight
effervescence; mildly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Rice County, Minnesota; about 4 miles north of Faribault; 1,920 feet east
and 30 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 110 N., R. 21 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness and depth to free carbonates range from
24 to 54 inches. Coarse fragments of mixed lithology comprise 2 to 8 percent of the volume of
the control section.
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The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The Ap horizon has value
of 4 or 5 and chroma of 1 or 2 and value of 6 when dry. The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of
4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A and E horizons typically are loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or
fine sandy loam,but include clay loam, if eroded. They are neutral to medium acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR in the upper part and 10YR or 2.5Y in the lower part, value of 4
or 5, and chroma of 3 through 5. Mottles are present in the lower subhorizons in some pedons. It
typically is clay loam or loam, but sandy clay loam is in parts in some pedons. The argillic
horizon has 18 to 35 percent clay and 30 to 45 percent sand. It is slightly acid to strongly acid.
Some pedons have a BC horizon.
The C horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6. It is loam
or clay loam. It lacks mottles in some pedons. It has 15 to 25 percent calcium carbonate
equivalent and is mildly or moderately alkalikne.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amanda, Belmont, Belmore, Chenault, Chili, Coggon,
Conestoga, Douds, El Dara, Gallman, Grellton, Hebron, Hickory, High Gap, Hollinger,
Kalamazoo, Kanawha, Kendallville, Kidder, Kosciusko, LeRoy, Letort, Lindley, McHenry,
Mandeville, Martinsville, Miami, Mifflin, Military, Nodine, Norden, Ockley, Owosso,
Pecatonica, Princeton, Rawson, Relay, Renova, Richland, Riddles, Rockbridge, Roseville,
Sisson, Strawn, Summitville, Teanaway,Theresa, Wawasee,Westville,Whalan, and Woodbine
soils in the same family. Amanda horizon soils have more illite in the B and C horizon; Belmont
soils have redder hue in the B horizon. Belmore, Chili, Kalamazoo, and Ockley soils formed in
glacial outwash and have sandy or sandy-skeletal 2C horizons. Chenault soils have chert
fragments in the solum and are underlaid by limestone bedrock. Coggon, Gallman, Hickory,
Pecatonica, Renova, Riddles, Summitville, and Westville soils have thicker sola. In addition,
Coggon soils have low chroma mottles in part of the B2 horizon. Conestoga, Kendallville, Letort,
Richland, and Rockbridge soils have more coarse fragments. Douds, El Dara, Kidder, Sisson, and
Wawasee soils have less clay and more sand or silt in the lower part of the B horizon and in the C
horizon. High Gap, Hollinger, Mandeville, Mifflin, Military, Norden, Roseville, Whalan, and
Woodbine soils have bedrock beginning between depths of 20 and 60 inches. Grellton, Hebron,
Lindley, and Rawson soils have more silt or clay or both in either the lower part of the B horizon
or C horizon or both. Kanawha soils are formed in alluvium from acid shale and are in an area of
higher rainfall. LeRoy and Strawn soils have thinner sola. McHenry and Miami soils have more
silt or clay, or both in the upper part of the solum. Martinsville soils have redder hue in the B
horizon and formed in stratified outwash or lacustrine sediments. Nodine soils have thicker sola
which is more stratified and leached of free carbonates to greater depths. Owosso soils have more
sand and less silt or clay in the upper part of their sola. Princeton soils formed in aeolian
sediments and have stratified C horizons. Relay soils have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y in all parts of the B
horizon. Teanaway soils have firm sandy clay loam C horizons with redder hue. Theresa soils
formed partly in loess and have 2C horizons with 40 to 60 percent calcium carbonate.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hayden soils have plane or convex slopes on gently undulating
through steep glacial moraines of the Des Moines and Grantsburg sublobe of the Late
Wisconsinan glaciation. Their slopes range from 2 to 40 percent and mostly are 80 to 300 feet in
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length. These soils formed in calcareous loamy glacial till. Montmorillonite is the dominant clay
mineral in the glacial till. Mean annual temperature is 45 to 50 degrees, and mean annual
precipitation is 27 to 33 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ames, Dundas, Hamel, Luther,
and Nessel soils which are members of a toposequence with the Hayden soils. Moderately well
drained Nessel soils have plane or slightly convex slopes. Poorly drained Ames and Dundas soils
have slightly concave to slightly convex slopes with gradient of less than 2 percent. Poorly
drained Hamel soils are on toe slopes. Organic soils are common associates in some places.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium and rapid.
Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cleared and cultivated to corn, soybeans, small grain, and
hay. Native vegetation was deciduous forest of maple, basswood, oak, and elm.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Minnesota and in central Iowa. Extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, 1929.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Central File Code
No. 967 for results of some laboratory analysis of the typical pedon.
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THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Wetland Definition
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WETLAND DEFINITION
According to the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "Wetlands Delineation Manual" (1987
Manual;the document used by all delineators to define wetlands)a wetland is"Those areas that are
inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support,
and that under normal circumstances do support,a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life
in saturated soil conditions." The Minnesota State Wetland Conservation Act Rules,Chapter 8420,
further clarifies that"...wetlands must: (1)have a predominance of hydric soils; (2)be inundated or
saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support a
prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions; and(3)
under normal circumstances,support a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation." The 1987 U.S.Army
Corps of Engineers Manual in Part II,item 24.states that,"The interaction of hydrology,vegetation,
and soil results in the development of characteristics unique to wetlands. Therefore, the following
technical guidelines for wetlands are based on the three parameters,and diagnostic environmental
characteristics used in applying the technical guideline are represented by various indicators of these
parameters." It is this premise by which SER ecologists has, in their professional judgment,
delineated the wetlands on the subject parcel described in this report.
Wetland Hydrology
The most important wetland criterion is hydrology.The presence and persistence of water influences
the vegetation types and changes soil morphology. Hydrology may be observed as standing water
(inundation),or may be observed as freestanding water within the soil pit or auger hole(saturation)
usually within the upper 12 inches. This is what would be considered primary hydrology indicators.
Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that wetland hydrology indeed
exists. The 1987 Corps Manual also has a range of hydrologic zones established based on period of
inundation or saturation. These zones and the periods of inundation or saturation for each can be
observed in Table 1 below.
Excerpted from the 1987 Manual,Hydrologic Zones—Nontidal Areas
Zone Name Duration Comments Wetland or Not
I Permanently Inundated 100% Inundation>6.6 ft.mean Not(Aquatic Habitat Zone,or Deep Water
water depth Habitat)
Semipermanently To Nearly <75 Inundation defined as
II Permanently Inundated Or <100% 5_6.6 feet mean water Wetland
Saturated depth
III Regularly Inundated Or
>25-75% Wetland
Saturated
IV Seasonally Inundated Or <12.5- Wetland
Saturated 25%
Irregularly Inundated or Many areas having these Wetland(if hydrophytic veg. and hydric
V Saturated >5-12.5% hydrologic characteristics soils also present
are not wetlands
Intermittently Or Never Areas with these
VI Inundated Or Saturated <5% hydrologic characteristics Not
are not wetlands
The definition of appropriate hydrology according to the 1987 Manual includes two important terms
that must be clarified. First, the definition of a growing season is needed. The growing season is
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defined in the 1987 Manual as: "...the portion of the year when soil temperature (measured 19.7
inches below the surface)is above biological zero (5° C or 41° F)." According to the 1987 Manual
this period of time can be approximated by using the "starting and ending dates for the growing
season based on a 28° F air temperature threshold at a frequency of 5 years in 10." Based on this
definition the growing season ranges approximately 160 days to 180 days in the Minneapolis/St.Paul
metropolitan area (160 in the northern suburbs and greater to the south). Therefore, the required
inundation or saturation to the surface for 5% of the growing season would be 8 or 9 consecutive
days that ground water would need to be at the surface or saturated to the surface.
The second term in the appropriate hydrology definition from the above paragraph to be clarified is
"in most years". This means in 5 of 10 years hydrology must exist within a"jurisdictional wetland"
for the 8 or 9 consecutive days of the growing season. This means that one observation date or even
one whole year worth of detailed hydrology data may be deemed insufficient to determine if
appropriate hydrology exists at a given location. In the event that precipitation events accumulate to
above or below normal during just prior to a site visit or during a more intensive hydrology study,the
data may be confounded by non-normal circumstances and may be considered outside the bounds of
"most years". Ideally,both antecedent soil moisture conditions and precipitation would be normal
during all delineations. However, this is not a realistic impression of climate. Therefore, primary
indicators of hydrology must be reviewed with scrutiny prior to determining if hydrology indeed
exists.
Wetland hydrology may be observed as standing water (inundation), or may be observed as
freestanding water within a soil pit or auger hole (saturation) usually within the upper 12 inches.
This is what would be considered primary hydrology indicators. Examination of this indicator
requires digging a soil pit to a depth of 16 inches and observing the level at which water stands after
sufficient time has been allowed for water to drain into the hole. The required time will vary
depending on soil texture. This level represents the depth to the water table; the depth to saturated
soils will always be nearer the surface due to the capillary fringe. According to the Hydrology
criteria in the 1987 Delineation Manual,for soil saturation to impact vegetation,it must occur within
a major portion of the root zone, typically within 12 inches of the surface. Only one primary
indicator is necessary to make the determination that wetland hydrology is present. However,since a
single observation is not enough evidence, based on the percentage of the growing season this
inundation or saturation is required,these data are only valid when reviewed while also considering
the abundance of recent precipitation events or the seasonal trend of climate when the site visit was
made(this may be done through review of precipitation records where available). In addition to the
primary indicators of wetland hydrology,there are secondary indicators(e.g.oxidized root channels,
water-stained leaves, local soil survey data, FAC-Neutral test), of which two must be present to
consider the sample point as having wetland hydrology.
Hydrophytic Vegetation (Wetland Vegetation)
Wetland vegetation is defined in the 1987 Manual as "The sum total of macrophytic plant life
growing in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen as a result of
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excessive water content. When hydrophytic vegetation comprises a community where indicators of
hydric soils and wetland hydrology also occur,the area has wetland vegetation." In more standard
terms, some plants are more adapted to growing within inundated or saturated soil. Based on
literature records and professional experience,a panel of experts compiled a list of plant species and
assigned each a hydrophytic status(described below and includes five major classes of probability of
a plant occurring within a wetland).
In terms of delineation there is a gradient of plant species that are adapted to"growing in water or on
substrate that is at least periodically deficient of oxygen". Fieldwork associated with wetland
delineations includes a procedure (the 50/20 Rule, for determination of dominance), which is also
outlined in the 1987 Manual, by which to determine if hydrophytic plant species dominate the
vegetation at a given location. This procedure has been used for the wetland delineation at the
subject parcel of this report.
Hydric Soil
Defined in the 1987 Manual as"A soil that is saturated, flooded,or ponded long enough during the
growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of
hydrophytic vegetation. Hydric soils that occur in areas having positive indicators of hydrophytic
vegetation and wetland hydrology are wetland soils."
For the purposes of delineation of wetlands,soils cannot be viewed without digging pits or extracting
soil using an auger. Therefore, transects of soil samples are taken from perceived upland to
perceived wetlands along a transitional boundary. There are specific color indicators,textures,and
depth requirements in the soil that are reviewed in order to determine whether hydric soils occur at a
given point or not. After a transect of soil samples has been taken,upon consideration of vegetation
and indicators of appropriate hydrology a working prototype for the given wetland is developed by
the delineator. The wetland delineator then uses this working prototype to complete the location of
the remainder of the wetland boundary,unless the wetland is large enough or the landscape features
(vegetation or topography) change enough to warrant additional transect samples.
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APPENDIX A
Explanation of Cowardin and Circular 39 Wetland Classification Systems
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Clarification of Cowardin Classification
and Circular 39
Wetland Types 1, 1L, 2, 3 and 7
By
Franklin J. Svoboda
Svoboda Ecological Resources
2477 Shadywood Road, Suite 100
Excelsior, MN 55331
(952) 471-1100
franks @gpsinnovations.com
Introduction
The National Wetland Inventory(NWI)mapping process completed in Minnesota between 1979 and
1982 developed a wetlands inventory map for the state of Minnesota utilizing remotely sensed color
infrared photography that was visually interpreted. The interpretation process hierarchically
classified wetlands using, at the time, the recently published Cowardin classification system
(Cowardin et al 1979). The wetland interpretation and classification process was ground verified
using selective plots and locations but was field verified to only a limited extent. Consequently,the
published NWI paper copies carry the disclaimer that these maps are to be used for advisory
purposes only and actual classifications are to be based on ground verification.Visual interpretation
from remote sensed imagery has some limitations particularly with regard to the water regime
modifier. Year to year variation in precipitation cycles along with the occurrence of precipitation
events at the time that the imagery was acquired, even if all acquisition occurred during the spring
season, can result in variations in modifier categorization.
Accurate classification becomes critical when regulatory decisions are being made with regard to the
wetland type and the amount of de minimum fill that is permissible. Also, it is a matter of
scientifically accurate consistency with regard to adherence to the various technical publications and
regulatory guidance documents.
Circular 39 was authored by Shaw and Fredine and published by the U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS)in 1956.The intended purpose of Circular 39 was an effort at classifying and inventorying
wetlands on a national scale in order to assess the wetland base and related waterfowl production
potential. The classification process was never intended to serve as a classification system for
wetland regulatory purposes.However,since it was the first national effort of its kind and as wetland
regulatory intentions materialized, this was the only method available to differentiate between
wetlands of different types.
The Board of Water and Soil Resources(BWSR)cross-reference table(8420.0549 subp.2.)indicates
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that Circular 39 Type 3 wetlands have a "C" water regime modifier. This is an inaccurate cross-
reference and the intent of this technical paper is a clarification of the correct interpretation.There is
also a common tendency to refer to bottomland hardwoods as Type 7 wetlands. This is also an
inaccurate classification.
The NWI paper maps do not use the water regime modifier"E"because it was difficult to interpret
from the inherent limitations imposed by the remote sensed imagery.Therefore,most if not all Type
3 wetlands were given the designation "C". However, the following discussion will examine and
clarify the differences between Circular 39 Types 1, 1L, 2, 3, and 7 and the appropriate Cowardin
water regime modifying terms.
Circular 39 Wetland Types
Type 1/1L—Seasonally Flooded Basins or Flats
Type 1 wetlands are characterized by soil that is covered with water or is waterlogged during
variable seasonal periods but is usually well drained during much of the growing season (italics
added for emphasis). These wetlands may be found in upland depressions as well as in overflow
bottomlands, i.e. river and stream floodplains. Within floodplains, flooding may occur in late fall,
winter or spring. In upland contexts,basins or flats may be water filled during heavy rain events or
following spring snow melt. Vegetation types vary greatly according to the season and the duration
of flooding.Included within Type 1 are bottomland hardwoods as well as some herbaceous growths.
Where the water has receded early in the growing season,smartweeds,fall panicum,tealgrass,chufa,
redroot cypress and weeds (such as marsh elder, ragweed and cockleburs) are likely to occur.
Shallow basins that are submerged only very temporarily usually develop little or no wetland
vegetation (Shaw and Fredine 1956, p30).
Since Circular 39 was developed for national application,the description of Type 1 wetlands covers
a broad range of geographic contexts hence the reference to winter flooding.
Cowardin et al(p. 28)in Table 4 describe Type 1 wetlands as seasonally flooded basins or flats,wet
meadow,bottomland hardwoods and shallow freshwater swamps. The water regimes are described
as temporarily flooded (A) or intermittently flooded (J).
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), within the regulatory framework of the
Protected Waters and Public Wetlands framework has added the Type 1L designator to more clearly
clarify the Circular 39 classification method and to allow an accurate distinction to be made between
bottomland hardwoods, seasonally flooded non-vegetated or herbaceous vegetated basins and
hardwood swamps. The distinction on the basis of hydrology is clear and it was the intent of the
DNR to differentiate between forested bottomland hardwoods and non-forested wetlands.
Type 2—Inland Fresh Meadows
Inland fresh meadows(Type 2)wetlands have soil that is usually without standing water during most
of the growing season but is waterlogged to within at least a few inches of its surface. Vegetation
includes grasses,rushes,sedges,and various broad-leaved plants.In northern environments,typical
species representatives are carex, rushes, redtop, reedgrasses, mannagrasses, prairie cordgrass and
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mints. Meadows may be present in shallow lake basins, sloughs, farmland "sags" or may border
shallow marshes on the landward side.
Table 4(Cowardin et al p.28)includes within its description of Type 2 wetlands as fen and northern
sedge meadow. The water regime is described as saturated (B). This description, as used by some
plant ecologists and wetland scientists,is specifically limiting and at least in some instances does not
suggest that reed canary grass dominated wetlands would fall into this category.
Type 3—Inland Shallow Fresh Marshes
Inland shallow fresh marshes (Type 3) wetlands have a soil substrate that is usually waterlogged
during the growing season and at some times may be covered with as much as 6 inches or more of
water.Common vegetation includes grasses,bulrushes,spikerushes,and various other marsh plants
such as cattails,arrowheads,pickerelweed, and smartweeds. Common representatives in the North
include reed,whitetop,rice cutgrass,carex and giant burreed.Type 3 marshes may nearly fill shallow
lake basins or sloughs or may border deep marshes on the landward side. They may also occur as
seep areas in agricultural fields resulting from failing drain tile systems or where sand seams are near
the surface on hillside slopes.
Cowardin et al (Table 4, pg 28) describes the water regime as either seasonally flooded (C) or
semipermanently flooded(F). The accurate categorization of Type 3 wetlands is most critical since
seasonally flooded wetlands containing reed canary grass are eligible for larger de minimus fills(up
to 10,000 square feet) than cattail marshes (only 400 square feet). The difference in hydrological
regimes is discussed in the next section.
Type 7—Wooded Swamps
Wooded swamps(Type 7)wetlands have a soil substrate that is"waterlogged to within a few inches
of its surface"(Shaw and Fredine 1956,pg 22)during the growing season and often can be covered
with as much as 1 foot of water.Type 7 wetlands often occur along the edges of sluggish streams,on
floodplains, on flat uplands and in very shallow lake basins. In the North, trees include tamarack,
arbor vitae,black spruce,balsam,red maple,and black ash. Northern evergreen swamps frequently
have a thick ground cover of mosses. Deciduous swamps frequently contain beds of duckweeds,
smartweeds and other herbaceous plant species. Hardwood swamps frequently are associated with
Type 6, shrub swamp wetlands.
Table 4 (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 28) states that Type 7 wetlands include all water regimes except
permanently flooded.This description is inconsistent with the more specific description of Shaw and
Fredine(1956)that describes a Type 7 wetland as having waterlogged soil to within a few inches of
the surface throughout the growing season.
Wooded swamps (Type 7) are frequently mischaracterized as bottomland hardwoods (Type 1L),
however there are significant differences in the hydrological regimes between the two.The nature of
these differences is discussed in a subsequent section.
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Cowardin Water Regime Modifiers
The purpose of water regime modifiers is to provide a better description of the variations in
hydrology that occur in wetlands on a seasonal and annual basis. These descriptions are general in
nature because wetland hydrology is extraordinarily dynamic. Hydrology is the most variable
component of wetlands and can vary substantially within a single basin weekly,monthly,seasonally,
annually and over decades. Extraordinarily wet or dry periods,whether short or prolonged,do have
dramatic effects on the presence or absence of water in any given wetland. Whether a wetland has
naturally occurring hydrology or whether it is partially or completely drained affects its behavior as a
component of the landscape, its appearance,the vegetation that inhabits it, and the effectiveness of
the functions that it performs. Wetlands may also have artificially induced hydrology due to
stormwater inputs or interconnections to other wetlands via ditch or tile drain systems. Careful
consideration of each wetland within the overall context of the landscape is necessary to understand
which water regime best fits along with the special modifiers that describe alterations to wetlands.
One special modifier class that is missing is the "stormwater pond" category. This is a commonly
occurring condition in urban landscapes and should be added. Stormwater ponds may have been
specifically constructed for that purpose or, in the past, previously existing wetlands were used to
treat stormwater and now function as stormwater ponds rather than "natural" wetlands.
Descriptions of the modifiers are taken from Cowardin et al(1979,pgs 21—22)and from Santos and
Gauster(1993, pgs 30—32).
Descriptions within the parentheses are terms used on the NWI key and the longer description is the
one used by Cowardin et al. (1979). Where a parenthetical term is excluded, the two terms are the
same.
Modifier"A"
Temporarily Flooded (Temporary)
Surface water is present for brief periods during the growing season but the water table usually is
well below the soil surface for most of the season.Temporarily flooded wetlands usually have plants
that are characteristic of both uplands and wetlands.This modifier description is most appropriately
assigned to Type 1 and 1L wetlands but clearly does not fit the Type 7 Hardwood Swamp wetland
type. Table 4 (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 28) is inconsistent by including this regime in the Type 7
category.
Modifier"B"
Saturated
Soil saturation occurs to the surface for extended periods during the growing season but surface
water is seldom present or evident. Many sedge and rush wetlands fit into this category. This
modifier also aptly fits the water regime that occurs in the hardwood swamps that are present in parts
of Minnesota in hardwood swamps such as black ash swamps and in coniferous swamps such as
white cedar, tamarack, and black spruce swamps. This modifier also describes Type 2 wetlands as
described above and includes fens and sedge/rush dominated wetlands.
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Modifier"C"
Seasonally Flooded (Seasonal)
Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season but is absent by
the end of the season in most years. When surface water is absent, the water table is often near the
surface. Santos and Gauster (1993, pg 31) add that the water table, after flooding ceases, is very
variable,extending from saturated to a water table well below the surface.This accurately describes
the situation that frequently occurs within reed canary grass wetlands where there is saturation to the
surface or even several inches of inundation after snow melt. In most years, by the end of May,
surface water is no longer evident in many of these basins.During June,the water table continues to
recede until by August, the water table may be two or more feet below the surface. Many of these
areas are used for livestock pasturing and for harvesting meadow hay.Wetlands with a"C"modifier
that consist predominantly of reed canary grass should be categorized as either Type 1 or Type 2
depending on the length of time that water is present. This modifier is the most difficult to
specifically assign to a Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3 category as it could apply to any of the three.
Modifier"D"
Seasonal Well-Drained (No comparable Cowardin category)
Santos and Gauster(1993,pg 31)describe this modifier as applying where surface water is present
for extended periods especially early in the growing season. The water table, after flooding ceases
falls well below the ground surface. This modifier would appear to apply to floodplains and
bottomland hardwood forests(Type 1L)as described above.Modifiers"C"and"D"seem to overlap
to a certain extent and could also apply to reed canary grass wetlands as well.
Modifier"E"
Seasonal Saturated (No comparable Cowardin category)
Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season, and remains
saturated near the surface for most of the growing season (Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 31). This
modifier would appear to apply to fens,sedge and rush meadows,some Type 6 shrub swamps,Type
7 Hardwood Swamps and Type 8 bogs.Some reed canary grass wetlands might fall into this category
but most seem to be dried out by early to mid-summer.
Modifier"F"
Semipermanently Flooded (Semipermanent)
Surface water persists throughout the growing season in most years. When surface water is absent,
the water table is usually at or very near the land surface (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 22; Santos and
Gauster 1993, pg 31). This modifier applies to Type 3 cattail marshes and may also apply to some
hardwood swamps such as black ash, conifer bogs and Type 6 alder shrub swamps.
Modifier"G"
Intermittently Exposed
Surface water is present throughout the year except in years of extreme drought (Cowardin et al
1979, pg 22; Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 31). Type 4 wetlands fall into this category.
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Modifier"H"
Permanently Flooded (Permanent)
Water covers the land surface throughout the year in all years. Vegetation is composed of obligate
hydrophytes (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 22).
Modifier"J"
Intermittently Flooded
The substrate is usually exposed,but surface water is present for variable periods without detectable
seasonal periodicity. Weeks, months, or years may intervene between periods of inundation. The
dominant plant communities may change as soil moisture conditions change.According to Cowardin
et al (1979, pg 22) "Some areas exhibiting this regime do not fall within our definition of wetland
because they do not have hydric soils or support hydrophytes." Some of the areas in agricultural
fields that have been flooded during the spring and early summer of 2003 and 2004, following
periods of intense and persistent rainfall, may well fall into this category and may not in fact be
subject to regulation as a wetland.
Modifier"K"
Artificially Flooded (Artificial)
The amount and duration of flooding is controlled by means of pumps or siphons in combination
with dikes or dams.Water and wastewater treatment facilities are included under this category.This
definition does not appear to include stormwater ponds.
Modifier"Z"
Intermittently Exposed/Permanent (No comparable Cowardin category)
Exhibits features of both Intermittently Exposed and Permanent water regimes(Santos and Gauster
1993, pg 31).
Modifier"W"
Intermittently Flooded/Temporary(No comparable Cowardin category)
Exhibits features of both Intermittently Flooded and Temporary water regimes(Santos and Gauster
1993, pg 32).
Modifier"Y"
Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal (No comparable Cowardin category)
Exhibits features of the Saturated,Semipermanent and Seasonal water regimes(Santos and Gauster
1993, pg 32).
Modifier"U"
Unknown (No comparable Cowardin category)
The water regime is not known (Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 32).
Discussion
Type 1/1L
The description provided for Type 1 wetlands and the reference to the absence of wetland vegetation
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in basins that are only flooded very temporarily raises a regulatory question.One of the criteria for a
jurisdictional wetland is the presence of hydrophytic vegetation (1987 Manual pp 16 - 26). Type 1
wetlands often are found in agricultural fields and often are determined to be jurisdictional on the
basis of an aerial 35mm slide review; the quality of the slides is poor under the very best of
circumstances. .The determination of regulatory jurisdiction is based on normal circumstances or as
defined by the COE, being agriculturally cropped 51 out of 100 years (i.e. by inference lacking
sufficient hydrology for either 5 or 12.5 percent of the growing season).
The Wetland Conservation Act(WCA)determines normalcy as agricultural cropping for 6 out of 10
years (MnRules 8420.0110, Subp 53; 8420.0122 Subp.1, A and B). Typically, normalcy on
agricultural lands is determined by the review of the aforementioned low quality 35mm aerial slides
and judgments are made as to whether an area is cropped or if the crops are subject to hydrological
stresses.The process is highly subjective and can be biased by excessive precipitation that may occur
early in the crop growth cycle.
Field examination of these areas may indicate the presence of smartweed and some of the other
indicated species in seasonally abnormally wet years whereas in normal years, hydrophytic
vegetation is absent. It is highly probable that the process of determination of Type 1 wetlands as
jurisdictional in many cases is extending beyond the legitimate definition of Type 1 wetlands and the
intent of the 1987 Manual. Does a Type 1 basin need to be flooded for 5 percent of the growing
season (the lower definitional bound for jurisdictional hydrology) or 12.5 percent (the upper
definitional bound for jurisdictional hydrology) in order for hydrophytic vegetation to develop? In
practice, the St. Paul District of the Corps of Engineers (COE) (also applied in practice under the
Wetland Conservation Act) applies the 5 percent hydrological definition but if that is too short to
allow the development of hydrophytic vegetation under normal conditions than the absence of
hydrophytic vegetation would make those Type 1 wetlands non jurisdictional.
Type 1L — bottomland hardwoods — poses an equally difficult regulatory question. Tools for the
evaluation of hydrology for non-cropped areas are much more data intensive and are also subject to
precipitation event variability.Measurement tools for the determination of precipitation normalcy are
a combination of evaluating annual precipitation and comparison to a 30-year rolling average along
with extensive near ground surface early season hydrological monitoring. If the water levels are
within 12"of the surface for less than 8.5 days in the general latitude of the Twin Cities(5 percent of
the growing season), than the area is not wetland. If water level's are within 12" of the surface
between 5 percent and 12.5 percent of the growing season (21 days in the general latitude of the
Twin Cities) according to the 1987 Manual (Table 5 pg. 36),the area may be wetland but usually is
not. However, the standard practice of the St. Paul COE is to declare any areas that exceed the 5
percent criteria to be judged jurisdictional wetlands. Areas with water levels within 12" of the
surface in excess of 12.5 percent of the growing season are wetlands.
No one has ever undertaken a scientific study to evaluate the relationship between the hydrological
requirements and the presence of various wetland or non-wetland plant species.This is a critical,yet
unanswered question. Some studies have been completed examining soil types and hydrological
responsiveness but the link between plants and hydrology has yet to be made.Given the annual cost
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of jurisdictional decisions in terms of "lost land" opportunities, perhaps such a study would be
prudent.
The implications of regulatory misinterpretation are enormous in that it is likely that hundreds of
acres of Type 1 wetlands are avoided or mitigated for each year when legitimately these areas are
non jurisdictional and could be developed.
Avoidance or impact and mitigation can cost developers and ultimately, homebuyers, millions of
dollars annually just in the developing seven-county Metropolitan Area. Mitigating a non-
jurisdictional Type 1 wetland impact at a 2:1 ratio reduces the usable land base unnecessarily. For
every 50 acres of non jurisdictional impact, 100 acres are removed from the land supply. At an
average cost of $100,000 per acre, the cost to developers and ultimately to homeowners is
$10,000,000 in just one year for just 50 acres.
Type 2/3
Type 3 wetlands create the greatest classification difficulty from the perspective of de minimus
qualification. A Type 3 wetland that is seasonally flooded (C) is typically characterized by reed
canary grass whereas a Type 3 semi-permanently flooded wetland is more likely characterized by a
growth of cattails.The reed canary wetlands are generally dry by late spring to early summer.By late
summer, the water tables have receded to well below the surface (> 18—36"). In contrast, Type 3
cattail wetlands still contain water above or very near the surface during normal growing seasons.
The WCA permits the use of de minimus filling of Types 1,2, 6 and 7 wetlands.Clearly it is not the
intent of the WCA to allow the application of the de minimus criteria to fens since the WCA
specifically addresses fens as a special category for protection. Therefore, the Type 2 designation
must apply to the"C": modifier Type 3 wetland. Further,Type 3 wetlands in excess of 2.5 acres in
incorporated areas and in excess of 10 acres in unincorporated areas are protected under the DNR
protected waters statute. In the DNR wetland inventory and classification process, the Type 3
wetlands were clearly dominated by cattails hence the inference that reed canary grass wetlands were
Type 2.
Type 7/Type 1L
Inconsistencies in technical descriptions regarding the hydrological regime of these two wetland
types from a scientific perspective become only a matter of discussion between scientists.However,
when wetland types are applied from a regulatory perspective,accuracy in definition becomes crucial
because certain activities may be permitted in one wetland type and prohibited in another.At present,
Wetland Types 1L and 7 are subject to the same wetland regulatory requirements and exceptions.
However,that may not be always the case and therefore it is important to note the crucial yet subtle
differences between the two types.
The majority of bottomland floodplain forests in many years have water tables several feet beneath
the soil surface. The language "throughout the growing season" is quite specific in Circular 39. A
careful consideration of the species described in the listing provided by Shaw and Fredine (1956)
indicates that the habitat requirements of the species listed include the typical presence of a near
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surface high water table whereas the description of a Type 1L forested wetland describes the term
"bottomland hardwood",a rather vague non-specific term but tree species generally included in this
category are elm,cottonwood,green ash,and silver maple.Bottomland hardwoods do not include the
species described as associated with hardwood swamps.
Type 7 wetlands are persistently wet under all but the driest conditions whereas Type 1/1L wetlands
are generally dry except under the wettest of conditions. The distinction is significant.
In general, the Board of Water and Soil Resources cross-reference classification (Mn Rules
8420.0549 subp. 2.)are generally accurate but the designation of PEMC as a Type 3 wetland poses
some problems.Where the Type 3 wetland is comprised of cattails,a de minimus exemption of 400
square feet applies but where the wetland is reed canary grass, also a Type 3 designation should
technically apply based on the above discussion.The reed canary grass wetlands do not fit well into
the "C" modifier category nor do they fit into the "B": modifier either.
As a matter of standard practice,it would seem best to designate reed canary grass wetlands as Type
2 wetlands regardless if the modifier is"B"of"C".The difference is important in that a de minimus
exemption of anywhere from 2000 square feet to 10,000 square feet might be applicable.Also being
accurate with regard to wetland type is important when designation of the regulatory wetland type is
done based on if the deepest part of the basin or the dominant vegetation is the wetland type that
determines allowable fill. This requirement often over-regulates the reed canary grass fringe and
eliminates the possibility of applying the 2000to 10,000 square foot de minimus in many cases where
a very small percentage of the overall basin is cattail but because the deepest part of the basin criteria
is applied, only 400 square feet of de minimus fill may be used.
In general, while this may seem to be an arcane discussion, in reality it is crucial in order for the
regulated community to rightfully claim the wetland exemptions that the law permits.Conversely,it
entitles the landowner to rightfully claim useable land for development purposes. A clear
understanding and accurate interpretation of the classification system is necessary in order for the
exemptions available under the de minimus categories to be appropriately applied.
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Literature Cited
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and R.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31.
103pp.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.
Vicksburg, Mississippi. 100pp + app.
Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources. 2002. Board of Water and Soil Resources
Wetland Conservation Act Rules Chapter 8420. Office of Reviser of Statutes. St. Paul,
Minnesota. 151 pp.
Santos, K.M. and Joan E. Gauster. 1993. User's Guide to National Wetlands Inventory Maps
(Region 3)and to "Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the Unitized States".
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Region 3. Bloomington, Minnesota.
38pp.
Shaw, S.P. and C. G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlands of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Circular 39. 67pp.
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–2.43 Acres Approximate Wetland Map
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of Section 35,T118N,R23W Overlaid on 2006 Aerial Photography w��
Approximate Wetland Boundary
SVO BO DA E Approximate Parcel Boundary 1350 Orono Oaks Drive
``( 0 —Addendum Boundary350 Orono, MN
Ecological Resources Feet Figure 5
1
I V, CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY FOR
�;.-----. �� ��ati., RONALD RIDGEWAY
• 62 --1 A),-'' ' t's/ IN LOT 1, BLOCK 1, ORONO OAKS
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• \,� —2g/.g4 (-a�sic.J 9,...) HENNEPIN COUNTY, MINNESOTA
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/
// / / I //r / , 3 LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF PREMISES :
-(RSi,) +2 • TT.'1
/ y I / I I I i •. 92+1I /x DO Lot 1, Block 1, ORONO OAKS, except parcel 92A, as shown on
/ MNDOT right of way plat No. 27-132.
\ / / ��il I I II �/ v°, 0 denotes iron marker
/ lI o
�\ I
I \ I1 I ' /� (908.3): denotes existing spot elevation, mean sea level datum
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—917 denotes existing contour line, mean sea level datum
f,\ \ } / 1 .'K ,/ / ---1g10—: denotes proposed contour line, mean sea level datum
�� y/ I 1 I I \ / Bearings shown are based upon on assumed datum.
q \\l>,.,:)._,,,,10 0,„ Q....._
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./ a"'1'/'EEDD This survey shows the boundaries of the above described property, and the
\ FF ', \\ �, location of an existing house, driveway, patio, sidewalk, two retaining walls, wood
Is lit . /"DDD w� ` fences, culvert, encroaching shed, fill areas, edge of wetlands, as delineated by
I \ 'k �/ / 'Rr� '" \ ��s / others, and the proposed location of a proposed pole born thereon. It does not
,,.! purport to show any other improvements or encroachments.
— v • ' . --...._ _..., 6. 4 ..
27„ [°
/ •° 2)
(95..5+. 34 01, '- R=28
Al'`ASD p-34°02-- — � RECEIVED
. L-16g.59� �� RONO OAKS DRI
�-1 _ p 9541) DRIVE-,
'
_— (956.5)
— " " SEP 1 d 2008
'951 o\ CITY OF ORONO
REVISIONS DESIGNED HEREBY cswTFY THAT THIS PLAN,SPECIFICATION OR REPORT DATE
WAS PREPARED BY LE OR UNDER MY DIRECT SUPERVISION. 7-2-06 G RON BERG & ASSOCIATES INC.
DATE BY REMARKS AND iIMT 1 AM A WLY LICENSED PROFESSIOINL ENGINEER
scu[
DRAWN "wn SADR".ICES TND LAWS Of THE STATE of 1""20' I CML ENGINEERS,LAND SURVEYORS,LAND PLANNERS
MINNESOTA.
CHECKED 08-167 445 N.WILLOW DRIVE LONG LAKE,MN 55356
caw 7-r-cd, ,TREE LICENSE NAMES/2711 4ESHEETS PHONE:952-473-4141 FAX:952-473-4435