HomeMy WebLinkAbout2012-00768 - land alteration �
` CITY OF ORONO
* 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 7 6 B *
2750 KELLEY PARKWAY DATE ISSUED: OU30/2013
ORONO,MN 55356-
(952) 249-4600 FAX: (952)249-4616
ADDRESS : 517 FERNDALE RD N
PIN : 36-118-23-14-0007
LEGAL DESC : UNPLATTED 36 118 23
: LOT 000 BLOCK 000
PERMIT TYPE : ZONING PERMIT
PROPERTY TYPE : RESIDENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION TYPE : LAND ALTERATION(0-500 CU YDS)
NOTE: THIS PERMIT WAS APPLIED FOR AND PAID FOR BY PERRY SCHMIDT IN AUGUST OF 2012 BUT NEVER ISSUED. IT WAS
DETERMINED THAT THEY NEEDED A C.U.P. THERE WAS A CHANGE IN OWNERSHIP,SO A NEW PERMIT APPLICATION WAS
COMPLETED WITH NEW OWNERS SIGNATURE.
APPLICANT MINOR LAND ALTERATION 50.00
SCHMIDT,PERRY&ANNE ENGINEERING REVIEW COSTS
517 FERNDALE RD N
WAYZATA,MN 55391- TOTAL 50.00
OWNER
SCHMIDT,PERRY&ANNE
517 FERNDALE RD N
WAYZATA,MN 55391-
AGREEMENT AND SWORN STATEMENT
The work for which this permit is issued shall be performed according to
the approved plans and specifications,applicable City approvals,and the
State Building Code. This permit is for only the work described and does
not grant permission for additional or related work which requires separate
permits. All provisions of laws and ordinances goveming this type of work
shall be compied with whether or not specified herein.This permit will
expire and become null and void if construction authorized is not
commenced within 180 days of the date of issuance,or if construction is
suspended for a period of 180 days at any time after work has commenced.
The applicant is responsible for assuring all required inspections aze
requested in conformance with the State Building Code.This permit may be
revoked at any time for due cause.
/ / / /
Applicant Permitee Signature Date Issued By Signature Date
SEPARATE PERMITS REQUIRED FOR WORK OTHER THAN DESCRIBED ABOVE.
r
' CITY OF ORONO PERMIT NO.: 20��oo�6s
2750 KELLEY PARKWAY DATE ISSUED: OU30/2013
ORONO, MN 55356-
(952) 249-4600 FAX: (952) 249-4616
ADDRESS : 517 FERNDALE RD N PERMIT APPLICANT:
PIN : 36-118-23-14-0007 SCHMIDT,PERRY&ANNE
LEGAL DESC : UNPLATTED 36 118 23 517 FERNDALE RD N
: LOT 000 BLOCK 000 WAYZATA,MN 55391-
PERMIT TYPE : ZONING PERMIT
PROPERTY TYPE : RESIDENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION TYPE : LAND ALTERATION(0-500 CU YDS)
BUILDING INSPECTION RECORD
24 HOUR NOTICE REQUIRED FOR ALL INSPECTIONS.
CALL FOR INSPECTIONS WEEKDAYS:
INSPECTION TYPE DATE INSPECTOR INSPECTION TYPE DATE INSPECTOR
ENGINEERING REVIEW
FINAL
INSPECTION COMMENTS:
IN ACCORDANCE WITH CITY ORDINANCE,NEW OR SUBSTANTIALLY REMODELED BUILDINGS SHALL NOT BE OCCUPIED UNTIL ALL
WORK HAS BEEN APPROVED,AND A CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY HAS BEEN ISSUED BY THE BUILDING DEPARTMENT.
THIS CARD MUST BE POSTED AND VISIBLE AT ALL TIMES UNTIL WORK IS COMPLETE.
«
' 1 City of Orono
Zoning Permit A lication
Mailing Address: Permit number: � �7 O
�0�� Cry sal Bay, MN 55323-0066 Date received: 1 '�•q'�
. Escrow#and �
Sfreef Address: amount:
� �„ 2750 Kelley Parkway Permit Fee: �
y '� Orono, MN 55356
F G� APproved by: ��i/ �'yl..I
`qkESH��� Fax: 952-249-4616 Notes: .t-� ��g
Main: 952-249-4600 `Nww.ci orono.mn.us
This application form must be completed in full and all required information must be submitted. (Please prinf.)
Job Site Address: 'S �� 1'�i�l o�d�-� � ✓L/
CONTRACTOR/AP ICANT INFORMA ION:
Name: e rr! �
Phone: 1 — '� — a6 Fax:
Address: n Cit : ZIP: ��
Contact Person: ContacYs phone
Email {�rY ,g .�.y�.� Applicant is: Contracto� Homeowner (Circle One)
l
PROPERTY OWNER INFORMATION:
Name:
Phone(day):
Mailing Address: Z�P�
Emai►and/or Fax
Overall Project Description:
�BoXk TYPE OF PERMIT COST*
Dock, Residential—Permanent dock on any lake or initial seasonal dock not on $50 +engineering review costs
Lake Minnetonka ermanent dock re uires CUP
Dock,Commercial $50+engineering review costs
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2 000
Hardcover Permit: Drlveway, Patio, Sidewalk, Etc. (New or Replacement) No charge
Also re uired is a Minor or Ma'or Land Alteration Permit
Land Alteration, Major(grading, filling, or excavating) more 500 cubic yards or $50
\/ more than 10 cubic yards in lakeshore setback (also requires CUP)
'��� Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs As determined b CUP
Land Alteratlon, Minor(grading, filling or excavating)—500 or less cubic yards $50+engineering review costs
outside of lakeshore setback or less than 10 yards in lakeshore setback
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,000
Retaining Wall measuring under four feet require a zoning permit. $50+engineering review costs
Retaining walls measuring more than four feet(from bottom of footings to top of
wall) require a building permit. (Tiered retaining walls are considered one wall
unless the walls are separated by twice the height of the lower wall.}
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,500
Stalrway to Lake(New or Replacement) $50+engineering review costs
Escrow for erosion control and en ineering review costs .,. $2,000
Structure Permlt for other structures not requiring a building permit but $50+ engineering review costs
regulated by the zoning code(including, but not limited to accessory building of
less than 120 square feet, detached deck or platform and sport court)
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,500
Tree Removal or other v etatlon removal in 0 to 75 foot zone No char e.
Tem ora Construction Office/Trailer associated with buildin ermit $30
(over)
*Permit fee will be collected when the permit Is issued.
Updated: November 30,2012
a�PLiC�1NT/OWNER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
• Applicant/Owner agrees to provide all information required or requested by the Planning Depa�tment;
• Owner agrees to pay the City of Orono for engineering consultant review costs where applicable;
• ApplicanUOwner certifies that the information supplied is true and correct to the best of his/her knowledge. The
applicant recognizes that they are solely responsible for submitting a complete application being aware that upon failure
to do so, the staff has no alternative but to reject it until it is complete;
• Applicant acknowledges the attached Escrow Agreement is completed and signed by Owner;
. ApplicanUOwner understands their project may require an initial and as-built survey per City Code Section 86-68.
• Some or all of the information that you are asked to provide on this application is classified by State law as either
private or confidential. Private data is information which generally cannot be given to the public but can be given to the
subject of the data. Confidential data is information which g erally cannot be given to either the public or the subject
of the data. Our purpose and intended use of this inform on is to annually update our records and records of other
ovemmental a encies re uired b law. If ou refuse to I the i tion, the a lication ma not be issued.
The undersigned certify that the ' ormation s plied is tru and r e to the best of their knowledge.
Applicant's Signature: Date: I � ��
Property Owner's Signature: � ; � Date: � � �-
TYPE OF PERMIT: SU MISSION REGIUIREMENTS: Except for tree removal permits, all permits
require a completed appllcation form,escrow agreement(signed by the property
owner) and escrow check from owner, two coptes ot all plans, and three copies
of all grading plans or surveys/site plans
Dock, Resldentfal Seasonal Dock—survey showing proposed dock
Permanent Dock—plans as approved by CUP and copy of LMCD permit(if applicable)
Dock, Commerclal 1. Structural plans for the dock
2. Survey showing the proposed location of the dock •
3. Copy of LMCD permit
Hardcover Permit 1. All Minor or Major Land Alteration Permit requirements apply as appropriate
2. Hardcover calculations, existing and proposed
3. Plans
Land Alteration, Major 1. Plans as approved by Conditional Use Permit
2. Erosion control plan or copy of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Land Alteration, Minor 1. Survey/grading plan including existing and proposed contours
(Less than 10 cu.yds. within 75' of 2. Amount of fill to be imported and/or exported and haul route
lake or less than 501 cu.yds 3. Amount of earth to be moved around on site
elsewhere.) 4. Erosion control plan or copy of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Retalning Wall 1. Plans for wall(s)
2. Unless repair or exact replacement of existing wall, submit an updated survey with
grading plan including existing and proposed contours
3. Hardcover calculation worksheets if in shoreland district
4. Erosion control lan or co of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Stairway to Lake 1. Construction plans for stairway, including footings
2. Topographical survey of property with proposed stairs shown
3. Erosion control plan or copy of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Structure Permlt 1. Construction plans.
..
2. Survey of property with proposed structure shown and with setbacks to property
lines, other structures on property and the septic system indicated. The general
location of any sewer and water services should be shown if applicable.
3. Grading plan if grading is proposed.
4. Hardcover calculation worksheets
5. Erosion control lan or co of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Tree Removel Call: 952-249-4600 to schedule a single tree removal inspection. A re-planting plan/
mana ement lan re uired for clear cuttin ,buckthom or other intensive ve etation removal.
Updated: November 30,2012
� I
Christine Mattson
From: Christine Mattson
Sent: Friday, January 11, 2013 10:26 AM
To: 'peggypburnet10@gmail.com'
Cc: Melanie Curtis
Subject: 517 Ferndale Road North/#12-3584
Attachments: admin@ci.orono.mn.us_20130111_105713.pdf
Mr. & Mrs. Burnet
As you are aware, the after-the-fact conditional use permit for 517 Femdale Road North was recently approved
by the City Council. In order to final this permit we need you to come to City Hall and sign the approval
resolution and the zoning permit; no additional fees, etc. are required.
It isn't necessary for you to come together to sign the documents, but our notary will ask to see your driver's
license or another form of identification in order to notarize your signatures. We are open Monday through
Friday 8 am to 4:30 pm. Note, we will be closed on Monday, January 21, 2013 in observance of MLK Day.
Please don't hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
Christine Mattson
Planning Assistant
City of Orono
2750 Kelly Parkway g Orono i MN i 55356(physical address)
PO Box 66 j Crystal Bay ; MN ; 55323-0066 (mailing addressJ
'� 952.249.4620 ; 8 952.249.4616
� cmattson@ci.orono.mn.us ; � www.ci.orono.mn.us
Office Hours: Monday- Friday 8 am to 4:30 pm
OUR OFFICE WILL BE CLOSED: Monday,January 21,2013
1
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� ' CITY of ORONO
� ,. ��a::�-�
�� �:
a � �' '° ;;�,;�. � RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
�� ��� ;:��� Gtiti No. 6 1 8 9
��kESH�4�
A RESOLUTION GRANTING
A CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT
FOR LAND ALTERATION PURSUANT TO
MUNICIPAL ZONING CODE SECTIONS 78-966 & 78-968
FILE NO. 12-3�84
WHEREAS, Ralph William Buniet and Peggy Ann Burnet, husband and wife
(hereinafter "the Owners") are the owners of the property located at 517 Ferndale Road North
(hereinafter the "Property") within the City of Orono (hereinafter the "City") and legally
described as: Attached as EXHIBIT A; and
WHEREAS, the Owners have made application to the City for an after-the
fact conditional use permit for land alteration in excess of�00 cubic yards of earth movement
to level and alter the existing natural �rade to prepare for the construction of a new residence
on the Property; and
WHEREAS, after due published notice and mailed notice in accordance with
Minnesota Statutes and the City of Orono Zoning and Planning Codes, the Orono Planning
Commission held a public hearin� on November 19, 2012, at which time all persons desiring
to be heard concerning this application were given the opportunity to speak thereon.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of Orono,
Minnesota:
FINDINGS
1. This application was reviewed as Zoning File#12-3584.
2. The City Engineer has reviewed the grading plans and finds them acceptable.
3. The Planning Commission reviewed this application on November 19, 2012 and on a
vote of 7-0 found that the application satisfies the requirements for aranting a
conditional use permit, and made the following additional findings: �
Page 1 of>
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� ' CITY of ORONO
�'���" ,-
� � � ayl�. � RESOLUTION OF T}i� C81TgY COUNCIL
'�,� � ..Y, :a`A ,ti,�' NO. 6
,L� ��,C�
kESHOg'
a. The property was initially developed in 1955 with a single family home; the
existing home and accessory structures were removed/demolished in October 2011
by a previous property owner.
b. Clean fill material was brought to the site as required to fill the holes left by the
demolition of the home and accessory structures in October 2011 by the previous
property owner to satisfy the demolition permit requirements.
c. The previous owner anticipated that fill would be needed for the Property to make
it more buildable for a larger home. Approximately 360 cubic yards of excess fill
was brought to the site without City approvals and administrative permits were
eventually issued as the fill amount was less than 500 cubic yards.
d. The previous owner subsequently brought additional fill material to the property
without City permits which, when added to the previous 360 cubic yards, exceeded
�00 cubic yards of fill material.
e. The Owners are requesting that the conditional use permit for the fill be approved
after-the-fact.
4. Planning Commission finds that the land alteration as it exists today complies with the
conditional use permit criteria found in Section 78-916, as follows:
a. The intended use of the Property is supported by the comprehensive plan.
b. Only clean fill was used in conjunction with this project. A survey reflecting the
existing grades was provided to the City EnQineer for review; he has determined
the existing site to be acceptable.
c. The Property can be adequately served by well and septic, and the gradin� is not
expected to generate excessive demand for any public service at public cost.
d. The Owners' septic contractor has submitted a report and deternlined that the
filling activity on the Property has not impacted the viability or functionality of the
septic treatment sites.
e. The hei�ht of a new home and the detennination of a basement will be based on
the pre-fill grades as established on the survey by Gronberg & Associates dated
09/14/2011 attached as Exhibit B.
£ The character of the area will not be impacted as final �rades will tie into existing
grades on neighboring properties in a manner that appears as natural and not
contrived.
Pa�e 2 of>
� ' CITY of ORONO
�,.�
, �,�-
� , t� a';.�;- � RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
���� , .:�` �ti, NO. t , � �
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g. The land alteration will not generate nuisances, and the plan approved by the City
Engineer adequately addresses erosion concerns.
h. The land alteration will not generate excessive non-residential traffic or lighting
directed onto neighboring properties. The land alteration does not include aspects
counter to public health, safety or welfare.
5. The City Council has considered this application including the findings and
recommendations of the Planning Commission, reports by City staff, comments by the
Owners and the public, and the effect of the proposed conditional use on the health,
safety and welfare of the community as well as the impact on properties in the
vicinity.
6. The City Council finds that the land alteration is in accord with the objectives of the
RR-1B zoning district in which the Property is located and with the comprehensive
municipal plan and that the land alteration will not be detrimental to the public health,
safety or welfare, or materially injurious to properties or improvements in the vicinity.
CONCLUSIONS, ORDER AND CONDITIONS
Based upon the above findings, the Orono City Council hereby grants an after-
the fact conditional use permit for land alteration in excess of �00 cubic yards of earth
movement to level and alter the existing natural grade to prepare for the construction of a new
residence on the Property, subject to the following conditions:
1. Council approval is based on the post-fill conditions survey by Gronberg & Associates
dated 08/02/2012, attached to this Resolution as E�hibit C. Any changes or
amendments to these plans will require further Planning Commission and City
Council review.
2. The Owners shall coinply with the following conditions of approval:
a. Owners shall adhere to the City's erosion control regulations as well as the
permitting requirements of the MCWD.
b. Re-vegetation and stabilization of the site shall occur within a timely manner.
Pa�e � of�
� ' CITY of ORONO
���;__.-
� � " `�' =' � RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
",�, � � �p�,' cS�
�t ��� No. 6 1 � 9
�kESH�4
c. Ovv�iers shall pay an after-the-fact zoning permit application fee for the land
alteration prior to or concurrently with the building permit for construction of a
new residence on the Property.
3. This approval specifically dictates the calculation of the number of stories and defined
building height for a proposed home on the site to be based on the pre-fill grades as
shown on the survey by Gronberg & Associates dated 09/14/2011 attached as Eahibit
B.
4. Authorities granted by this resolution run with the Property not with the Owners, but
are permissive only and must be exercised by obtaining the required after-the-fact land
alteration permit at or before such time when a building pennit is issued for
construction of a new home on the Property.
5. Violation of or non-compliance with any of the terms and conditions of this resolution
shall constitute a violation of the zoning code, shall automatically terminate any
authority granted herein, and shall be punishable as a misdemeanor.
6. The undersigned Owners have read, understand, and hereby a=ree to the terms of this
resolution and on behalf of the Owners and the Owners' successors and assigns,
hereby a�ree to the recording of this resolution in the chain of title of the Property.
Adopted by the Orono City Council on the l Oth day of December, 2012.
ATTEST:
,
o TL�?2�-�� �� d��t f��-�Ic�,
Linda S. Vee, City Clerk Lili Tod McMillan, Mayor �
Property Owner Property Owner
Pa�Te 4 of�
� ' CITY of ORONO
�,t` -
� �F 1��� �y,:� � RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL
�� �� �, .:� ti No. 6 1 � s
G
��kEsHog'�
STATE OF MINNESOTA
COUNTY OF HENNEPIN
This instrument was acknowledged before me this _ day of , 2012 by
Ralph William Burnet, husband of Peggy Ann Burnet.
Notary Public
STATE OF MINNESOTA
COUNTY OF HENNEPIN
This instrument was acl:nowled�ed before me this _ day of , 2012 by
Peggy Ann Burnet, wife of Ralph Vdilliam Burnet.
Notary Public
Paae 5 of�
_ � - y City of Orono
Zoning Permit Application
;-__-_ Mailing Address: Permit number. �O/ a - �(�1 �O 0
�Q�� PO Box 66 Date received: � o � Z---
O O Crystal Bay, MN 55323-0066
Escrow#and � /
�s�� 1 amount: ���v
' Street Address:
a ��'��;-'� � 2750 Kelley Parkway Permit Fee:
�� �' ';`�'�`��"+�' . � Orono, MN 55356
�C "� �? �,G A roved b :
\��H�g pp Y �
__-_- Fax: 952-249-4616 Notes:
Main: 952-249-4600 '-'��^�vi_ci orono.mn us
This application form must be completed in full and all required information must be submitted. (Please print.)
Job Site Address: � �� o.. �✓ � D '��
CONTRACTOR/APPLICANT INFORMATION:
Name:
Phone: Fax:
Address: City: ZIP:
Contact Person: ContacYs phone number
Email Applicant is: Contractor Homeowner (Circle One)
PROPERTY OWNER INFORMATION:
Name: � � �
Phone (day): - Z �
Mailing Address: 7 IP: S 3
Email and/or Fax � �
Overall Project Descriptio . ,/ �� � d � �
�
a, r
CBoXk YPE OF PERMIT COST*
Dock, Residential - Permanent dock on any lake or initial seasonal dock not on $50 + engineering review costs
Lake Minnetonka ermanent dock re uires CUP
Dock, Commercial $50+ engineering review costs
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,000
Driveway Permit(New or Replacement) No charge
Also re uired is a Minor or Ma�or Land Alteration Permit
Land Alteration, Major(grading, filling, or excavating) more 500 cubic yards or $50
more than 10 cubic yards in lakeshore setback (also requires CUP)
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs As determined b CUP
Land Alteration, Minor(grading, filling or excavating) -500 or less cubic yards $50+ engineering review costs
outside of lakeshore setback or less than 10 yards in lakeshore setback
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,000
Retaining Wall measuring under four feet require a zoning permit. $50+ engineering review costs
Retaining walls measuring more than four feet (from bottom of footings to top of
wall) require a building permit. (Tiered retaining walls are considered one wall
unless the walls are separated by twice the height of the lower wall.)
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,500
Stairway to Lake (New or Replacement) $50+ engineering review costs
Escrow for erosion control and engineering review costs $2,000
Structure Permit for other structures not requiring a building permit but $50+ engineering review costs
regulated by the zoning code (including, but not limited to accessory building of
less than 120 square feet, detached deck or platform and sport court)
Escrow for erosion control and en ineerin review costs $2,500
Tree Removal or other ve etation removal in 0 to 75 foot zone No char e.
(over)
*Permit fee will be collected at
the time the permit is issued.
Updated: April 23, 2012
APPLICqNT/�WNER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
• Applicant/Owner agrees to provide all information required or requested by the Planning Department;
• Owner agrees to pay the City of Orono for engineering consultant review costs where applicable;
• Applicant/Owner certifies that the information supplied is true and correct to the best of his/her knowledge. The
applicant recognizes that they are solely responsible for submitting a complete application being aware that upon failure
to do so, the staff has no alternative but to reject it until it is complete;
• Applicant acknowledges the attached Escrow Agreement is completed and signed by Owner;
• Applicant/Owner understands their project may require an initial and as-built survey per City Code Section 86-68.
• Some or all of the information that you are asked to provide on this application is classified by State law as either
private or confidential. Private data is information which generally cannot be given to the public but can be given to the
subject of the data. Confidential data is information which generally cannot be given to either the public or the subject
of the data. Our purpose and intended use of this information is to annually update our records and records of other
overnmental a encies re uired b law. If ou refuse to s I the information, the a lication ma not be issued.
The undersigned certify that the inf ation s is tru nd orre best of their knowledge.
Applicant's Signature: Date: � �/�
d
Property Owner's Signature: Date: C� � /�
SUBMISSI RE�UIREMENTS: Except for tree removal permits, all permits
TYPE OF PERMIT: require a completed application form, escrow agreement (signed by the property
owner) and escrow check from owner, two copies of all plans, and three copies
of all grading plans or surveys/site plans
Dock, Residential Seasonal Dock—survey showing proposed dock
Permanent Dock-plans as approved by CUP and copy of LMCD permit
Dock, Commercial 1. Structural plans for the dock
2. Survey showing the proposed location of the dock
3. Copy of LMCD permit
Driveway Permit 1. All Minor or Major Land Alteration Permit requirements
2. Hardcover calculations, existing and proposed
3. Driveway plans
Land Alteratlon, Major 1. Plans as approved by Conditional Use Permit
2. Erosion control plan or copy of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Land Alteration, Minor 1. Grading plan including existing and proposed contours
(Less than 10 cu.yds. within 75' of 2. Amount of fill to be imported and/or exported and haul route
lake or less than 501 cu.yds 3. Amount of earth to be moved around on site
elsewhere.) 4. Erosion control plan or copy of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Retaining Wall 1. Plans for wall(s)
2. Unless repair or exact replacement of existing wall, submit an updated survey with
grading plan including existing and proposed contours
3. Hardcover calculation worksheets if in shoreland district
4. Erosion control lan or co of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Stairway to Lake 1. Construction plans for stairway, including footings
2. Topographical survey of property with proposed stairs shown
3. Erosion control plan or copy of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Structure Permit 1. Plans for structure.
2. Survey of property with proposed structure shown and with setbacks to property
lines, other structures on property and the septic system indicated. The general
location of any sewer and water services should be shown if applicable.
3. Grading plan if grading is required
4. Hardcover calculation worksheets if in shoreland district
5. Erosion control lan or co of MCWD Erosion Control Permit
Tree Removal Call: 952-249-4600 to schedule a single tree removal inspection. A re-planting plan/
mana ement lan re uired for clear cuttin , buckthom or other intensive ve etation removal.
Updated: April 23,2012