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Home My WebLink AboutWetland classificatin, Identification, Delineation report-2006 1 �. / � . . :, I. � • � !•� • "�' �, � � �r ... .. .��r ,�,%t�4 f° �"�"�,f` '-."� ` .f ; 4 . .... 1 gN.;��,✓ft.��...mt:• � .R' ,y / �,' ,�i;' : < � � " � � � • � � � • � � :�; �•� / .�- , . . d, '— • - . .�� - y��' ' ��i; �"' ♦ � . � . j � �'��:+'�' n7. .« , �� '� ' I/. �1.• t� t��►�� ..�, /,� "�� i• `�:�'�'/ l�L�� ^ '�,�i� � . ,�r��... '�•(L 1 '�'� �� '.^��.��1� ��R7.II,��..��'Y/ � � � .��.i � L'♦ � ��' �+�•r ��l`\ �,� -•:r�:�L,N��..,�_ a,�a; �, i�•.��y�+,:�, � / v \�`/ � I;� ��`� ,"',�.. 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Proaiding the Sharper Edge in Natural Resources & Enaironmental Consulting ECOL OGICAL RESO URCES ' r � 1 2420 Fox Street 1 Orono, MN r � � � � Wetland Classification, Identification, and Delineation Report � � 1 Prepared for: Gitte Wengler , By: � Svoboda Ecological Resources Project Number 2006-096-03 October 5, 2006 � 1'he contents and format of this report are considered intelleclual property and are subject to copyright restrictions and may not he reproduced without � the ex�ress permission of Svohoda Ecol��gical Resources. ' ' � 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS tABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................1 ' INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................2 METHODS .....................................................................................................................................2 ' RESULTS........................................................................................................................................3 Background Information- (Office-Based Investigation) ......................................................3 SiteVisit .............................................................................................................................6 � DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................9 , RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................9 CERTIFICATION....................................................................................................................... 1 1 , DATA SOURCES.........................................................................................................................12 ' LITERATURE REFERENCED................................................................................................. 13 FULL FIGURE SET: � Figure l: Site Map Figure 2: National Wetlands Inventory Figure 3: Hennepin County Soil Survey � Figure 4: DNR -Protected Waters Figure 5: Approximate Wetland Boundaries and Sample Locations ' THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION: Field Data Sheets Plant Indicator Status � Soil Series Data Wetland Definition � APPENDIX A: Explanation of Cowardin and Circular 39 Wetland Classification Systems r � � � � , � ABSTRACT � Svoboda Ecolo icul Resources SER visited t r ' r g ( ) he above efe enced propert��ort September 19, 2006 � to exnrriine the site for the presence of�areas meetin�jurisdictional �ti�etlnnd criteria. The study pctrcel is loeated within the Ciry of Orono,Minnesota and Hennepin County(Figure 1). Twn wetland boundnries rvere delinec�ted; Wetland 1 is chnrc�cteri<ed as n Type 3/4-PEM/UBHx wetlnnd cind � Wetlu�id 2 was delineuted as a Type 3-PEMFd rvetland. Orie sarriple transect wns established within each of the two wetlands iri order to chnracterize the soil, vegetcztion, nnd existing hydrology�within the �veticirid-to-uplarld trcinsition zorie. ' �v� � l I 9&'� ' t l{_r� �� I ' � � � _'�I t �t �is';� �y,�„w3'{�,:s t a � ��*�� 5 !�� r 1� � C'1! j �� _... , i'��'� l�'�°,___ ._k+Lr";'i I ��I i �o';�' °��'! '� � �I .� � �� - �Ytii�t �� '.�"v 1 ��, '�r%:! I\Oli\' � •�i 1:j� � : �t��Y � \ �_�' 2G� ��t� J��• �� .0 ) ' � �� '�.4� ' 1 ��-��- .� _.`- �� >I <i �1.��.r,_�. .� ,��,e_�� :� � ��`- , )�,��.� n.� ;.3 , � _ � �� `� �.. �c� �o�, � � �,,� , _ ,�; i � �—, i� � � �i. \ r ;;,> ) � � �� , r'�- �, •' _ _ �- � z'/ �I�e''J•�i�t�� l� `� \ ( 1 . ", � ,, +,`' ��I�/ � -°�`��t�.- ��`} '�'--� . `� ,1� � �� S � � �l� , � �� , �- I�'.,�//, � �� :J\� .,'� �' r�'�`f_ }i - lY L � � . e �� Q y�,.. � _.,e�. �z� ��c� i� � I ��. i -�" � �1"-t�':, ( ( � �.f.,.� i'C� 11 :,t i �� _ �-- ., ��tl . , .] _a'�cJ��.� '�� ":� � �t��-�rJ,��'� � \�l' .,�'� � �� `"�� i��l . � ' ,� `J. _ ��1�1'C� L1NE�!"f` , �. �L /,�1i� � '"I� / i � � �p ��ti/ �' I• 1\. . 1� �.1!^' �,,�� {!)�,�� •'�� \�•� l� �� J ��.{ ll ( � .�-= ' �\ \ � � y\ � ( � -� . � � � � l� > �-, � � �_,� 2a� ,r� � ( e� � ,�� sp. _,� . � �rn � s +�. �fr/ ;i,`�� ., " .l' �,�1 �-` . (�� z ( ..� .( _��jf�') i'; � t'4� � �'� � � � -��°� U d� �� - � N �> �"� � ` __�� 1 �'¢� 1 � \,(,'•'y � �� ,� �� , � � � s�� ;s�'�. �L�� , :_:'_ � � � ; � �, � ;j,,�� so o -__�, � �� -�;,M �;+�� ;; ,y a��;;� _ �_'r� �...c?c___r �;• � Gai�1Yi�. � } � � �1 � '�\..�- ( � E - ia i,r �� _�• �� r ,��;,� �,� � �•-��-• .e � ��.� �� ,�J•1 ��' �.3a' --�.� .�� t� , `'al7��v.�� .,�(� ° � �1� � ;�) .� '=.. '�.: � � � �- (•)II � - C— � ��n;.� � , I-i� � y( �� b _ . .,. � ..,�`�� ,r.-r�. � _ ��„_"''-1 l�.! ,J ,'• � �� M� �f�,�( � �- : J' � //'T5� � .,. \/` �_ 1 ��.'�W�v �{\ :� i1 � ! ''_, .. .�-�_ L . _J\• 1.� �/1 0,1��+��(` - �Y 1 ��" <� � �1 ..�..� - a r� .1� 1.:W0� ,� p. ��\_.. .. - ' _.. � �'t,� ,�,;' �.'�v�'1� + �'{� e,� -'•`�'-�.,,, _._ . i ,-_ , -' '_,�_ , ''' i _ ... .,_ \. - � � 1. o.�v__ / � � x " - � �� . '�� Q�� `�;_,. �"` _" � '�4�� -,, ,._ � � '�`�, .�. -4 y `_ ��g� � __ � ;�' \ r � ' �J/ �i .e M1i�- / ��, �:., �_ ��(} f � � _ , 1.1�"i'u1 f:G Z �Q•q/ � \ � ,t!+ `. _p� 1 .w..—�,J �r�'il -'�� ^^Y- _` � �`,�(N �( ,7�.� �..\\1 1,� � - i o 1 �'7 --,c _f \ . '� � . ^ /_,�4] � �'` � �'_ ��j ... �.Y �!.� � �9 -x'. � � . / �/ � I '\C.` . �\`T:�/r y ��- `` --- .,. -_ �Y S�'. 4 � {��\.� . FJ;�� r,\�_ . ,- .. ��:%. \ C. _ � . �t `'' ��. � ��.w�`t�� .� ' . . - �`` � � ',��' � _ - ..� ./ :�_�� ' `, �•�� , � _ _ _ .� `-F r�it c�i..� �-� ' � �` ��` `�- 7�1, I� `�� 1. . . �•� �-y� y . ._� . '. � ,, '1.�� .,. , .. ,,:`i=�.�.'�_�. .. .. -� ' ... �-f.fl.JCv K��"j'z e.l.��" :� ,�LL��950'�1C�`,�(I ' ._... ' i t � Svoboda Ecological Resources 2d20 Fox S[reet � Project No.:2006-096-03 j Gitte Wengler , ' ' INTRODUCTION � The subject parcel is approximately 8 acres and dominated by grassy lawn and forested upland. A single-family home lies within the south-central portion of the parcel along with several small � buildings,designed for storage. The site has moderately undulating topography throughout with the lowest points being at the north end of the parcel toward Wetland 2. Fox Street borders the parcel on its south side (Figure 1). The area surrounding the parcel is primarily residential. � All identified wetlands were classified according to the Cowardin et aL (1979),and the US Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 39 classification systems and staked with lath or pin flags. Field data � sheets,plant indicator status information,soil survey information,and wetland definition information can be found within the Technical Documentation Section. , METHODS The methods used to delineate the subject parcel are described in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers � 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual, under the "routine" methods for sites less than 5 acres. This methodology is followed in order to assess whether the three criteria of a wetland are met for areas on the subject parceL The three parameters required under normal circumstances in order to � delineate a wetland are described below. � National Wetland Inventory(NWI) maps(Figure 2), Soil Survey of Hennepin County maps(Figure 3),Minnesota Protected Waters maps(Figure 4),and 2003 aerial photographs were reviewed prior to the site visit to identify areas that may be wetlands. Areas illustrating evidence of wetland conditions � were examined in greater detail during the field survey. Vegetation, soils and hydrology were examined (as outlined in the 1987 Manual) and used to characterize wetland types and determine wetland boundaries.Sample transects were established in representative wetland-to-upland transition � zones in order to characterize the vegetation,soils,and hydrology of the site. Transects consisted of representative upland sample point(s) and representative wetland sample point(s). Information obtained from the sample points can be found on the field data sheets located in The Technical � Documentation Section. Wetland boundaries were marked at the site by blaze-orange"wetland boundary" flagging attached � to 4-foot wooden lath or pin flags. Where vegetation was dense,to assist in locating the flagged lath (wetland edge), a second piece of flagging was attached to a nearby tree or shrub branch. The "wetland boundary"is considered to be the topographically highest extent of the wetland basin;areas � below the staked boundary met the three required wetland criteria while areas above were lacking in one or more of these criteria. IWetland classification followed meChods described by Cowardin et aL (1979) and used in the NWI (e.g. PEMB, PSS 1C, etc.), completed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Circular 39 classification (Shaw and Fredine 1956) is also given (e.g. Type 1, Type 2...etc.). The indicator � S�•oboda Eculugical Rcsourccs 2-120 Fox Sncet � Yroject No.: 2006-096-03 2 Gitte Wenglrr , , � status of plants, as described in The Technical Documentation Section, was determined using the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands — Region 3 (Sabine 1999). ' � RESULTS Background Information- (Office-Based Investigation) � The NWI map (Excelsior Quadrangle) illustrates three wetland basins (Figure 2) within the subject parcel. ' � � - � ' ` ..r �� , o � � , , , _ �S�M��e�q'. , o :�` - ' i i. ..y. ' v�::�I «'�7� �� • �r��` �S� . /r� � y R �t � '��4�� -Y+R.��: ti�> � 4 R .�� _.,. ' • :n I�`' �' �., r . . � � � ,�� . �� ,_�� ' �, ��..+� ' ' �" �£� � � k 1��s, �. �., g, _ i'� `l� �'� a, t .. ,.. ... ' _ �ti. �t; ', � �M .... � �:.. � y- j t,, x � `t�7R� �� `'� ° �ay • ` ��+i� �. '��r�"'.c� �. �"` '�'c ' , �t �,��y,�` � �t, '�Yy�•�: �4k�_� •t� I 4 ``_.�-�a'., �.`:w'"' ? � � �w ��; ti,�� . , r�{S, � .. t; � ..{��. ' � 1 �j � 4 �• ' . '�,� �jy. �' ,�� 1;^ +�LY{i� �t + ...t ' � �`. �r Ys�'.t�e .:., ' h%s.� . �'` '�*',�5 1� ��r �1�+�? � �� ,LS ��.}Y� ��, iT��_' �' 2 �'� � i � � �� ' .t�.�° '� k� � °' •�',� i: .�,�' '= t ,�. 1 � i M` ` �� J �� ,�� '�� ` �� ;.'�.��x �� ~ .�� j�"�� 4,:� � . -�.1�,�� A �� . ' .1 - �.: � �i �M e�, y� t � � •�' ..f�� . �i 4 . �ls.'^.,4 . � ,iR Y�j r .q., ..�s '�;l. .=�� 'i ` y,? .,� �� w . c'� �'`, p y�� `r :} � � ��F . . 1 r ' "W^.'� �y �'� ��/'. \' ��':`. � -.�4a,�-_.� .+� � .� SL:, �j"�i. � Lt��?�`r�~ \3��a�"�. t :�� ,�� '�� "�� *, yM� ,'�Xf t,b;, ++p ''"+` F .,t�`"� ""'l�'a.��,}^,�, ` .�� ^_?y�k 111� ,�V'`' .�;��,FaL��- `��+t a .. -�' �'r'1 � ` c C �.� c ' ' He:. ,� • 'Sr l i . � ` ��1 c � ... . -' .. .�', y�, `j< , �,�� s �\, �. � .°"'_�.`_�::.',.5:, fs��i��."..�� ' 'f. wjGt.''f`. g'� ' � ' ' Svoboda Eculu�ical Resources 2420 Fox Street � Project No.:2006-096-03 3 Gitte Wengler , ' ' The Soil Survey of Hennepin County (Figure 3) indicates the presence of three soil series on the � subject property. The soil series present are Kilkenny, Hamel and Palms(Figure 3). The Palms and Hamel soil series are classified as a hydric soils (SCS Hydric Soils of the United States) and are illustrated with blue crosshatching on Figure 3. Soil series descriptions are given in The Technical � Documentation Section. � _ _ - - , _ ��h��a � �. : f ,r '_4 �4 � � � �.. , �, ` � G��3 �,. , � ��' , �j ��' � �- � , �y�� 1':,��'e� k� p'�.� ,a�"�� ..� � /.� !,�' •- ' ' ;t'�a��-��..r �� a��,!" ��t 4 , _-- __ -' • (� . �� '.- `�w � � .�,� --- -- .:�'° � - �� .. r • /.t,, ' � � ' . .'�� '�' ', ,�- � � ,� �'�� _�� d - � � ;��'� -� � , - � 4~ ' � �+h� ":k�. ..� v. y . � � . �Y .. �\ �� `'� /; .� t � .1 -� . � `.T•� . ' .� � � -�j•�1 • !. �k. � 5 � �i� i � ��,� 'y a '`, i.. .�� s�'�.` �{� ; �' � _,. .� °'� � ♦4 �� IS ��a�' ,, 4 � ��'• � . � } I / �n'�'_-�tl � � y �f 4 '�4�. � � . : '?a�+ ��«� � �-sr` s-� � "� } -_ �� .ti S`v � ��y: ` . . rsr�):. `. �'ti� ` .� 4 ��+1 .�..�i � ti:.;`. # ip��y - � : :` � .4'�'g ` . � y,,�r �`4�� '�: � _� i-�ti.,�- aj_ � � - � ��.�';� V ' � �.; ��,- i r T� t�i_M1�� h �y `'S�,,�� ; Y �, "i i �7�i^f�Y.rl� a� ' .. _ •� .. � ; ...•-�� _ �: � ��tr � �, �. ;� � , d �. 4 �- _`�j y �-�k �.- ��`.+ � �E�� .a� r . M.��l j.-�� 4ii ��. � � � �. . frfI � � � ��_ !•.�'� s' �i� 4 . U�IIi��-t � ..'i. �t.- f� � ' . IS!�� , ''`�.� p�� j.. � ��'�l� ;� - ��y � \��tj__ B '.-. . .�,.� � ��. .�,' L ��{{'' R�. T� �� u-/�� ` a.Y.�F,r__�_'-� �� .. Y'� f�p �� . ��f.. -� . �� i. q� .' 'F ,S= 1 ' rs'1#','�x �;y� � -. '� '+� � �'` �. ' k.. �i�t �,F �y''��\. 9,� _i* �S!� '�'k� � '�. .� �.�.u. .' .-�t��.i� �! . 1 i J � �; {�, �'}� �1 1 �..�"'_�'�'�'��pp, �,y'j �4� ♦ �- �� [s . }'� \ :> ' ��;'y . �. } �\�� 1,y . '�Yt� � ''-S4'R i��. ' y-'� �.�� 'y �: s .5 �•. �.rd\ I�� C��.. 5,..�� d ��` `•� �-4 �J� �Yxa�. ,�f.� . . �. �aE y , .,� ��'�,� ' �� f 1 �. . ._4�.-�� . _�� Ce ♦ � > ��. ��.� 'y.. � � �� . � p�.._.> {i�p}'_ ♦..� � ' .__' ., ,. �� d� � .:�r.�.�\ 4 I�l+Lp-�_ N. . . . n . ` �� 'i` � �� _ ,� e >�"- �� IS. . � � �i�'_ 1 :fl ril � ,��Y'�.� , ��`..Nr10.,��f,�'��,�_ ,..?-. � ��„.'4S� '��Td L'11 U L"a1�-- � , ' � � Svoboda Ecological Resources 2420 F�ix Street � Project No.: 2006-096-03 4 Gitte Wengler � , � According to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, State Protected Waters Map(Public � Water Inventory), no DNR protected waters are located within the subject parcel (Figure 4). ' ��- :-- � � _T --� l �— �J�..__..^'� � i �1 i ; �,,�e� ' �� r �`' �S�, T _r'� 1 � 1 � r r_ , , T.�..--� -' � �o I� � � p- � •�� 1 � � �3 �r�� Q � �..� � � � �� 1 � � + � a � �'�° � � _ ..�. � � � � � � � S��oboda Eculugical Resourccs ?420 Fox Street � Nroject No.: 2006-096-0? 5 Gitte Wengler , , ' , Site Visit SER ecologists examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria during the site visit. Two wetlands meeting the jurisdictional criteria of a wetland, for which a boundary � was determined and delineated, were staked (approximate wetland boundaries outlined in yellow (Figure 5). Detailed soils, vegetation, and hydrology data for the delineated wetland is provided in the data sheets of The Technical Documentation Section. � . . fi` �. �N � � ..: r �,n� ., �r� ,� � _ � � .. �� 1 . -.y�--a�� tt' fs �� {� Y� . 1 =:?�}y�L `��j�� :.i7 :�� ,. � ;�� L'�►w 6�'' �'M�v�� , " �a � �, s�1e''ybyt,'' � �.F, ,�`, _ '� f,�Y 7ifi�' f ♦ ,�'� �� 1�N� ,� � �� a� � r 1 . � :� �� , *, ..�� ,_. :'�"� � ��a� � ,''� ti ; . � �� '� _ , b a . . 4� `�s � '�� t.. ,. - � � _ . ' �"�.. €�: . 1 '1ri+i ` ��-� +=F! +• '�� N � �,�•� ... 7 �f� ... � 'M yt+'�'�,.i.-�, �r ��,� ��[�..�� j�. �� . ,t `S�V,G�� .. 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'.v,. . -...- ..- . i �4 '' _ �� "�`��: `;. •� :�.'"'��_�_ s\: , � �— •�:: =- �. . � - - - �..___ �".�.�....'�&'1Y4•. . .. �_�� , � � ' � Svoboda Ecoloaical Resources ?-1'_0 Fox Strcet � Project Nu.: 2006-096-03 6 Git[e Wenglcr ' � � � Wetland 1 �..�.. � .� � '' >;� � `� '� �` " y, �� ;�,� 1 � � ? y��, �� 5+4r4.'^ 1"'\� /1�* � PS f"�SY �:�'��`, +`.�' 'S.'. '�, '�~,�� w r+��lw� � ; ��b1� , � .'�', ' �� +�� ;�` r��"'�i 1}}!. ��` �_ ' t� �•'. �� kI 'Y�.� � '��. TI��"'!. = j � , ' ,P.. \lu y � Y� Y /c� X � . �t,�`k1� � �� i SI` ,.�� .,t �'- �.� � � t� � � - 'A� I., . . `�;� j i� �'"�� -� . �,V �1�., �� te;;+• ��1�1 r ��P ' w` �,, �r � .1�� , "� t,�!� rie,! .. ��",t! i ��1'��'�f ��1{��,'i,i�, iA o ;� ?; �� ' i I l• 'v `',i� a � �( tj � �r f '°�,��u,. � �� ' ��:; � � r �� i�y�� e � �� c � t �j �� ;1 �t � �`i� �� q�,� d� i ,�}�, i t ( � i� 1 ��t p.n;�-- �. � ��t a ��'�' d s� ',��4Y/i1i�� i 1 �1.�. � I� .��y ,+e,�,� �� r�L�: ��y� 1� r�� "'c.�� , ��Y��.��'�,� � � t�k�. � � � '� �� f IYll,j}��f�. k � <'3�� _. lY�t� � , - .c`�� (': k� ` � �� f �ti it � ��r` �� A �� I . � p�.e i � � a'- � {�{ l A� � ;.� '`'��' �� a�' 1 � �I �_ �N� �i �I z � � q `ri , , 1,�� «. a��I.�� aa� 3 � 3w �l 4 #�i'. � ;�;.. ��.� in�: �'Ai 3 ...�'�'�TT F'��,i ' wr�r ��11� �11�: ,� �' ��t3f. ... �.�r F} w�.,,�,�,pi � � � ,��''"�� : � �-` Qt� ��'.�.� t�.�i '„x, �y 5,� ':t 4� i. S'' '♦' .�l�i �' � ` - v ''.� `�� _ 4�wlj.�. .t... ' t�:.`��` -,t• q4�' l � 1 q N � ,�. M h � r' �� { �c. ' �< .s.. ,�' � � P�' A - ti ti� ��s, 14'�� : e� � �° Ct^��'R� �iF A h 1a 11��`��^ 1^"T ht�yt3��'i' ' �h }A ,�' ' S'�.1��4� �4j L{ � d �z.�.,�.�,'3p�#'�t� i� �j#''•... �=t�� , t.: :��'i°��(1'+.+.'�".e:.C,�'11�'k:�i� � Wetland NWI Class Field Visual Mapped Soil Unit Confirmed Hydrology Dominant # (Figure 2) Classification/ (Figure 3) Soil Unit Indicators Vegetation � T e (Fi ure 5) 1 PEMCd PEM/UBHx Hamel Hamel FAC-Neutral, Phalaris � Hydric Soil Unit, arundinacea Oxidized Root Typha Channels angustifolia � Drainage Patterns Poa prntensis � Wetland 1 described as a Type 3/4 PEM/UBH.z wetland, is located in the east-central portion of the property. Wetland 1 is dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacen), and narrow-leaf � cattail (Typha nngustifolia), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). Wetland 1 was delineated using approximately 15 lath. Wetland 1 extends off of the subject property to the east. � S�•ubo�a Ea�l��eical Resources 2420 Fox Street � Prujecl No.: ?OOf,-096-03 '� Gitte Wengler ' ' ' tWetland 2 ,; � �� ;r % �, ;*�`'� �,. � ' , � �t ;/�. , ; ,+ \ .� �' _ _ , Y .�, � t�y� �r -� n ,.:,��f- J 4 <<. �'i�' .��`�w�� ' #'�.�t� � . a.t�L'�.� �' .� h:��,; ��?', . a �_ ' }�qY- Tiy ��'...s.� ' . �, 11-�,. .b� �� Q�4�� "�19' u� ;�:- � � ��' }� �Y � .� 4i� � c ..i;` �.:: � fr�"�e��;°�, ��, �� °`1� � :i t�"4�� _. . � �� , � �' � � � '-T.�� ' . `o , - . � .c �r�.�.` y' �"" .'-t.K I 3y�•C. y � " ''� . r r�. �t�'t.,�,"-'g Y i �..'.�tY- �. ,��}�i ♦y vT��!,f��.. Z t �"� �i "�,_r��L��s , �s�',j` i i . i'f. : xe�.Tr��4'��F�,'tC�r 6d��i:+ �-•"��+ ° `� fXX�� r S` '`:ae., .... t c � .,. 'C t� . 't� �,t'a f � } .�. ('� d� .f�,�� 1� r� � � ,l '�A :, � ,iy -" �� ,�d _� 2,,f ,i >ti rJ a? �� ''� r� � � � " ' ' � : �' �y:. r �, \ t�G��s�.�'F' � r �'�a �J .,{�� t ? ��d� �1� a�_ �� .�r ,�4'.t}�``�t-.� y ..i,�*, �.: r :��5 'VI'��' ,y.:. �+r�t"�' �l'��F�. '�f ! ;_: � �x�-� � ��t; 7� � .-�.,,.� ��i 3� �� .� � �- °� '� ' ti $ , ',�°` � � �� r � s< (� �.r� �� a .. �.�, ��ir `��a w� � }�� r�� fit'• ��. ��;4e ��2:+1�( F- �l c ..� n+} s -�./ h_ �,Ji � � �� '4'�, hy��V'k . '+'S �`�a , (��; �W Y 3� ww '�'� �{ Y�' � .wt�.��<.p- ._i� �� 'it� aY � �1'� ti t' ��T�� r«�' r/ }, {1' �J , � , t �-.� � /� '�i-� �sr �' �aa�g:�� it �.�s�f i"J�)1z )7 �,�f� .t'3�'�'+ ,y.� .f I,}�.1.��1 y i�(�`t l 4�/ ,� '��F' �� 'n ��'^ � �,y�$. 1 �. . . .—. 2+i�,i,��'. . FF-y��,�}'��'�;.$�S��i�d.��,�'9'��~-:��'h ' ---- - , Wetland NWI Field Visual Mapped Soil Confirmed Hydrology Dominant � # Class Classification/Type Unit (Figure 3) Soil Unit Indicators Vegetation (Fi ure 2) (Fi ure 5) 2 PEMCd PEMFd Palms & Some -FAGNeutral, Phcrlcrrrs � Hamel features of -Oxidized Root aru�idincic�ecr Hamel & Channels Kilkenny -Hydric Soil Unit � Draina e Patterns � Wetland 2 is described as a Type 3 PEMFd wetland, and is located in the northern portion of the property. Wetland 2 is dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris r�rundinacea)but contains some � narrow-leaf cattail further north of the delineated boundary. Wetland 2 was delineated using approximately 22 lath. � Svoboda Ecolugical Resources 2d20 F��x Street � Prc�ject No.: 200f,-096-03 g Gitte Wengler � , 1 � DISCUSSION SER completed all on-site delineations based on the three required technical critei-ia as outlined by � the 1987 Manual: the presence of hydric soils, a predominance of hydrophytic vegetation, and indicators of wetland hydrology in each basin. The site visit portion of the wetland delineation was completed on September 19, 2006. � SER personnel examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria during the site visit and delineated the edge of two basins as being jurisdictional wetland (Figure 5). � Detailed soils,vegetation and hydrology data for these wetlands is provided in the data sheets of The Technical Documentation Section. A set of full-scale figures is given in the Figures Section. � RECOMMENDATIONS � Activities which impact or potentially impact wetlands are currently regulated at several levels of government. In Minnesota, the two primary jurisdictions are covered at the state and federal levels � by the provisions of the following legislative actions. ➢ State jurisdiction by the Wetland Conservation Act of 1991 (WCA) administered � by the WCA Local Governmental Unit (LGU). � r Federal jurisdiction by the Clean Water Act of 1972 and subsequent amendments. Wetland protection is implemented by the Corps of Engineers (Corps) with permit certification issued by the Environmental Protection Agency. � While the wetland boundary that SER has delineated is not official until approved by a WCA approved local government unit(LGU), SER advises the property owner/developer to refrain from � any filling, draining, or excavating, or any impact to the area SER has delineated as wetland. No grading or filling in wetland basins should commence until all necessary permits have been obtained. Violation of wetland regulaCions has resulted in substantial civil and criminal penalties. Local � ordinances may regulate wetland modifications such as brush and tree removal and burning in addition to grading and filling. Depending on the location of the property, buffers around the wetland may also be protected. Any activities in the proximity of the wetland should be cleared with ' appropriate WCA regulatory agencies. It is also advisable to have the wetland boundary surveyed by a licensed land surveyor, or located with a sub-meter GPS unit. Since the lath used along the boundary can be vandalized or inadvertently knocked over,a survey or GPS location of the lath will � assure the permanence of the boundary. The client should also be aware that approved wetland boundaries are typically valid for only three years from the date of approval. ' Sv�ihoda Ecoloeical Resourccs 2420 Fox Slrcct � Projecl Nu.: 2006-096-03 9 Ci[te Wengler , ' � To avoid project delays associated with wetland regulations,it is essential that you acquire necessary permits from all jurisdictional agencies before initiating activities. A WCA Sequencing form, a � WCA and Army Corps of Engineers Replacement Plan Application form, and a DNR permit application are among the materials that you may be required to submit if impacts are proposed for the delineated wetlands. By initiating the permit process as soon as possible,potential costly delays � to the project may be avoided. � l � 1 1 t 1 1 1 � 1 1 1 Svoboda Ecological Resources 2=120 Fux Strce[ � Project No.: 2006-096-03 1� Gitte Wengler , ' 1 r � CERTIFICATION � Brian Burgner completed the above-described delineation on September 19,2006. The delineation was performed in accordance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1987 Wetlands Delineation � Manual whereby the edge of wetland was marked by stakes in the field. The delineation meets the standards and ci-iteria described in the 1987 federal manual and conforms to applicable standards and regulations in foi-ce at the time the delineation was completed. � Report and graphics were prepared by Brian Burgner (Wetland Ecologist II), October 6, 2006. � Client: Gitte Wengler Project Name: 2420 Fox Stree� ' Project No.: 2006-096-03 Location: Orono, Minnesota � r � Wetland Ecologi. ' �� d. � President, Svoboda Ecological Resources 1 a / � o,� ' Date � , Svob�ul<i Eculogiral Rcsourccs 2420 Fox Strcct � Nr��jccl I�o.: '_006-096-03 ] ] Gitte Wengler ' ' � � DATA SOURCES 1 Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Protected Waters Inventory Map, Hennepin Counry. , 1984. USDA. Soi/Sirrvey of Hen�iepin Co�lnty. June 1971. 159pp. plus appendices. � United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory Map—Excelsior Quadrangle. 199L (Taken from May 1980 aerial photographs). , USGS Quadrangle Map— Hamel 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Minnesota, U.S.A. � 2003 Farm Service Agency Aerial Color Orthophotos. Publicly Distributed Over Minnesota DNR GIS Data Deli. , � , ' � ' , ' S��oboda Ecolu�ical Resources 2420 Fox Strect � Nroject N�i.: 2006-096-03 j 2 Git�e Wenglcr � ' � LITERATURE REFERENCED � � Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and R.T. LaRoe. 1979. Clcissifr��crtio�i of Wetlo��d.ti� nrid Deej��vnter Habitnts of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31. 103pp. � Eggers, Steve D. and Donald M. Reed. 1997. Wetland Plnrits and Plant Comfnunities of Minnesotn and Wiscorisiri. US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District. 263pp, unclassified. � Environmental Laboratory. 1987. 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Erigineers Wetlnnds Delineatio� Mani�nl. Technical Report Y-87-1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, , Vicksburg, Mississippi. � Gleason, H.A. and A.C. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vasculur Plcints of Northeastern United Stntes and Adjcrcerit Canadn. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 910pp. � National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils. 1991. Hydric Soils of the United Stntes. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., Mise. Publication Number 1491. 1991. � Sabine, B. J. 1999. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Weticrnds: Regiori 3—North Centra[ (Indiancl, Illinois, lowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin). Resource Management Group, Inc. 77pp. � Shaw, S.P., and C.G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlands of the United States. 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[D: SP�-1 �/Net t Field Staff:BKB Wetland#: 1 Community Type: 3/4 PEM/UBHx Normal Conditions: ves Atypical Situation: No Problem Area: No Site Condition Notes: ' VEGETATION Dominants Determined Using The SO/20 Rule Snecies Strat. %cover pom. Ind.Stat. Species Strat.%cover pom. Ind. Stat. Phularisarurtdritacea H 40 ✓ FACW+ ' Tl'�)I7G GR�('GS(ffn(iu H 20 ✓ OBL — — Poa pruter�sis H QO ✓ FAC- _ _ Bidens cernua H 5 OBL � Taraxacum officrnule H 5 — FACU — — Curex spp. H 5 Polcgonum saRittatum H 5 OBL >50%Dominants FAC or wetter? Yes >50%Dominants FACW,OBL(FAC-neutral test) Yes � Notes: ' SOILS Soil Survey Map Unit: Hamei Confirmed Soil Unit: Hamel Soil on Hydric Soil List: ' Field Observations Horizon/Deo[h Matrix Color Texture Features(Mottles.Inclusions.EtcJ* 0-8" 10YR 2/2 Clay Loam 5YR 3/4 MCD IOSM/ORC 8-17" 10YR 2/2 Clay Loam 5YR 3/4 CFD IOSM/ORC ' 17-20" N 2.5/0 Sandy Clay 5YR 3/3 FFD IOSM ' H dric Soil Indicator: F6 Y *See last page o(data sheets for an explanahon of abbrevianons found in the"Features"column Hydric Soil Present? Yes Notes: ' HYDROLOGY ' Depth of Surface Water. None(inJ Primarv[ndicators: Secondarv Indicators: Depth to Free Water in Hole: None(inJ Inundation ✓ Oxidized Root Channels upper 12" Depth to Saturated Soil: None(in.l Saturation in Upper 12" Water Stained Leaves Depth of Borehole: 20(inJ Water Marks " Confirmed Soil Survey Hydric Unit ' _Drift Lines ✓ FAC-Neutral Test Sediment Deposits Other(Explain in Notes) ✓ Drainage Pattems in Wetland Notes: ' JURISDICTIONAL WETLAND STATUS , Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes [s Sample Point Within A WeNand? Yes Hydric Soil Present? Yes Approx.Dist.Sample Point To Wetland Bndry: 6 feet Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes ' Notes: � ' , 1 ' �� SVOBODA ECOLOGI I ` ,';,,:_-�,; CAL RESOURCES � `'�'��' Providin the Shar er Ed e in Natural Resources & Environmental Consultin , _ fi ;':�'..^ g P 8 B ICf,�,1?�� Site Name:2420 Fox St. Date: 9�19�06 Sample Pt. ID: SP 1-1 Up ' Field Staff.BKB Wetland#: 1 Community Type: Upland Normal Conditions: Yes Atypical Situation: No Problem Area: No Site Condition Notes: � VEGETATION Dominants Determined Using The 50/20 Rule S�ecies Strat. %cover pom. Ind.Stat. Soecies $trat.%cover pom. Ind.Stat. Phuluri.s ururiJi�iacea H 5 FACW+ ' Tararacum nfficinale H 20 ✓ FACU — — Pua pruten.sie H 65 ✓ FAC- Betula paE�rrijeru 7 5 FACU+ ' ---- — — >50%Dominants FAC or wetter? No >50%Dominants FACW,OBL(FAC-neutral test) No � Notes: � SOILS Soil Survey Map Unit: Hamel Confirmed Soil Unit: has features of Hamel&Kilkenny Soil on Hydric Soil List: ' Field Observations Horizon/Deoth Matrix Color Texture Features(Mottles. Inclusions.EtcJ* 0-10" 10YR 3/1 Silt Loam 10YR 3/4 MFD IOSM 10-18" 10YR 3/1 Silty Clay Loam 5YR 3/4 CFD IOSM ' 18-21" 10YR 4/2 Sandy Clay tOYR 5/8 CFP IOSM , Hydrie Soil Indicator. F6 4 See last page o(data sheets for an explana�ion of abbrenanons found in the"Featums"column Hydric Soil Present? Yes Notes: , HYDROLOGY ' Depth of Surface Water. None(inJ Primary Indicators: Secondarv Indicators: Depth to Free Water in Hole: None(in.) Inundation Oxidized Root Channels upper 12" Depth to Saturated Soil: None(in.l Saturation in Upper 12" Water Stained Leaves Depth of Borehole: 21(in.l Water Marks Confirmed Soil Survey Hydric Unit ' _Drift Lines =FAC-Neutral Test Sediment Deposits Other(Explain in Notes) _Drainage Patterns in Wetland Notes: i JURISDICTIONAL WETLAND STATUS ' Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? No Is Sample Point Within A Wetland? No Hydric Soil Present? Yes Approx. Dist.Sample Point To Wetland Bndry: 6 feet Wetland Hydrology Present? No ' Notes: � , ' 1 .' , ` I �� SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES � ��I" '`'�' Providin [he Shar er Ed e in Natural Resources & Environmental Consultin I;r%�. � 8 P B g 1 ��;�� Site Name:2420 Fox St. Date: 9�19/06 Sample Pt.ID: SP 2-1 Wet , Field Staff:BKB Wetland#: 2 Community Type: 3 PEMFd Normal Conditions: Yes Atypical Situation: No Problem Area: No Site Condition Notes: ' VEGETATIOIV Dominants Determined Using The 50/20 Rule S�ecies Strat. %cover pom. Ind.Stat. S�ecies Strat.%cover pom. Ind.Stat. Phularis urundir�aceu H 100 ✓ FACW+ ' — — — — � — — — — >50%Dominants FAC or wetter? Yes >50%Dominants FACW,OBL(FAC-neutral test) Yes , Notes: ' SOILS Soil Survey Map Unit: Hamel Confirmed Soil Unit: Hamel Soil on Hydric Soil List: Field Observations ' Horizon/De�th Matrix Color Texture Features(Mottles.Inclusions.EtcJ* 0-5" 10YR 2/2 Loam 5-i 6" lOYR 2/2 Clay Loam 10YR 3/3 CFF IOSM/ORC ' 16-19" 10YR 2/1 Clay Loam 10YR 3/3 MMD IOSM 19-21" lOYR 2/1 Clay 10YR 3/3 MMD IOSM 21"+ N 2.1/0 Clay , H)'dllC SOI��RdiC3tOC •See last page of data sheets for an explananon of abbreviations found in the"Peatures"column Hydric Soil Present? Yes Notes: ' HYDROLOGY ' Depth of Surface Water: None(in.) Primarv Indicators: Secondarv Indicators: Depth to Free Water in Hole: None(inJ Inundation ✓ Oxidized Root Channels upper 12" Depth to Saturated Soil: None(inJ Saturation in Upper 12" Water Stained Leaves Depth of Borehole: 26(in.) Water Marks `' Confirmed Soil Survey Hydric Unit ' =Drift Lines �FAGNeutral Test Sediment Deposits Other(Explain in Notes) ✓ Drainage Pattems in Wetland Notes: , JURISDICTIONAL WETLAND STATUS � Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes Is Sample Point Within A Wetland? Yes Hydric Soil Present? Yes Approx.Dist.Sample Point To Wetland Bndry: 4 feet Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes ' Notes: ' ' � �. �:' ' ' ' � �� SVOBODA ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ';��;�._. . � ;;` ,.,: '" Providing the Sharper Edge in Na[utal Resources & Environmental Consulting I I+�I'+,�, ' �� ! Site Name:2420 Fox St. Date: 9�19�06 Sample Pt. ID: SP 2-1 Up � Field Staff:BKB Wetland#: 2 Community Type: Upland Normal Conditions: Yes Atypical Situation: No Problem Area: No Site Condition Notes: ' VEGETATION Dominants Determined Usrng 7he 50/10 Rule Soecies Strat. %cover pom. [nd.Stat. Snecies Strat.%cover pom. Ind.Stat. Phaluris urundinureu H 10 FACW+ , Pinus resinosu T 40 ✓ FACU = _ Pou pratensis H 35 ✓ FAC- Solanum dulcamara H 5 FAC Fraxinuspenns�lvanica T � FACW ' Bromus iriermis H 15 — NI — — >50%Dominants FAC or wetter? No >50%Dominants FACW,OBL(FAC-neutral test) No ' Notes: ' SOI LS Soil Survey Map Unit: Hamel Confirmed Soil Unit: Similar to a Kilkenny Soil on Hydric Soil List: Field Observations , Horizon/DeDth Matrix Color Texture Features(Mottles,Inclusions.EtcJ* 0-16" 10YR 3/2 Loam 16-26" 10YR 3/1 Loam ' , HYCIRC SOI��11C11C8IOC *See lase page of data sheets(or an ezplanahon of abbreviahons found m the"Featuros"column Hydric Soil Present? No Notes: ' E IYDROLOGY ' Depth of Surface Water. None(inJ Primarv Indicators: Secondarv Indicators: Depth to Free Water in Hole: None(in.) Inundation Oxidized Root Channels upper 12" Depth to Saturated Soil: None(in.l Saturation in Upper 12" Water Stained Leaves Depth of Borehole: 26(inJ Water Marks Confirmed Soil Survey Hydric Unit ' =Drift Lines =FAGNeutral Test Sediment Deposits Other(Explain in Notes) _Drainage Patterns in Wetland Notes: ' JURISDICTIONAL VVETLAND STATUS ' Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? No [s Sample Point Within A Wetland? No Hydric Soil Present? No Approx. Dist.Sample Point To Wetland Bndry: 7 feet WeNand Hydrology Present? No ' Notes: ' ' , ' THE TE H I A C N C L DOCUMENTATION SECTION ' Plant Indicator Status ' , , � i 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 ' ' INDICATOR CATEGORIES* ' Obligate Wetland(013L)—Occur almost always(estimated probability>99%) under natural conditi<ms in � wctlands. Faeultative Wetland(FACW)—Usually occur in wetlands(estimated probability 67%- 99%), but occasionally � found in non-wetlands. Facultative(FAC)—Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands(estirrzated probability 34%- 66%). � Facultative Upland(FACU)—Usually occur in non-wetlands(e.rtimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands(estimated probability 1%-33%). � Obligate Upland(UPL)—Occur in we[lands in another region,but occur almost always(estimated probability >99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the region specified. If a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List. , *Reed, P.B. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: Minnesota. National � Wetlands Inventory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, St Petersburg, Florida. ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' I THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION � Soil Series Descriptions � Acquired from Natural Resource Conservation Service Website, Official Soil Series Descriptions ' ' ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' � � HAMEL SERIES � The Hamel series ainsists of very deep, poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in slopc colluvium and glacial till on moraines. These soils have moderately slow permeahility. Their slopes range from 1 to 4 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 47 degrees F. � TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls TYPICAL PEDON: Hamel loam with a 2 percent concave slope on a glacial moraine in a � cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.) Ap--O to 10 inches; black (lOYR 2/1) loam, very dark brown (lOYR 2/2) dry; weak very fine � subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. A--10 to 16 inches; black (lOYR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (l 0YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine � subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizon is 14 to 30 inches.) � AB--16 to 24 inches; very dark gray (lOYR 3/1) clay loam, dark grayish brown (lOYR 4/2) dry; many fine prominent brown (7SYR 4/4) Fe coneentrations; moderate fine angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy � boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.) Btgl--24 to 40 inches; very dark grayish brown (2SY 3/2) clay loam, grayish brown (lOYR 5/2) � dry; many fine prominent brown (7.SYR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderate medium prismatic structure; friable; few black (lOYR 2/1) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. ' Btg2--40 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown (2.SY 4/2) clay loam; many coarse prominent brown (7.SYR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few black � (lOYR 2/1) clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Btg horizons is 12 to 30 inches.) � Cg1--46 to 55 inches; olive gray (SY 5/2) loam; many medium prominent yellowish brown (lOYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; friable; about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. � Cg2--55 to 80 inches; olive gray (SY 5/2) loam; many medium prominent yellowish brown (lOYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; friable; about 4 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline. � TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 1.5 miles southwest of Silver Creek, 1200 feet south and 2300 feet west of the northeast corner of Sec. 18, T.121 N., R.26 W., USGS � Annandale quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 17 minutes 34 seconds N.; long. 94 degrees 00 minutes 13 seconds W., NAD27 � ' � , ' RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates range from 30 to 65 inches. The mollic epipedon thickness ranges from 24 to 60 inches. Typically the upper colluvim contains � less than 2 percent gravel by volume and the lower part contains 2 to 6 percent gravel by volume of mixed lithology. � The A horizons have hue of lOYR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Typically it is loam or clay loam, but silt loam or silty clay loam are within the range. It has coatings of clean sand and silt particles in the lower part of the A horizon in some pedons. It is moderately � acid to neutral. The Btg horizon has hue of lOYR, 2.SY, or SY, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is clay � loam, silty clay loam high in sand, or loam. It has between 25 and 35 percent clay and 15 to 35 percent fine sand and coarser. It has B/A clay ratios of 1.2 to 1.4. It has few to many, faint to prominent clay films. It is moderately acid to neutral. ' The C horizon has hue of a 2.SY or SY, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The clay content ranges from 18 to 32 percent and the total sand content ranges from 25 to 45 percent. � COMPETING SERIES: These are the /�I��acla, B�II�L�V, Bcr��illc, Bc��oksl��n, Buntin�,��illc, Clarl�ani�i�, C��rcl�>��a, f��>rrstritv, J�in�e�t��n, Maren�c�, Mill�ro��e, Na��an, Nc��ni, Renstiel�ier, and � W�stlan�i soils. The Alvada series (Tentative - OH) is not in the OSD file at this time. The Barry, Berville, Brookston, Cordova, Marengo, Millgrove, Navan, Rensselaer, and Westland soils have a mollic epipedon that is less than 24 inches thick. The Buntingville soils have carbonates at � depths of less than 20 inches. The Clackamas and Nosoni soils lack free carbonates in the series control section. The Forestcity soils have 45 to 65 percent sand and 10 to 18 percent clay in the underlying � material. The J�in�est��n soils formed in a firm and very firm till associated with the Iowan Erosional surface. ' GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hamel soils have concave slopes in swales, rims of closed depressions, foot and toe slopes, and upper drainageways below sloping to very steep slopes. Slope gradients are 1 to 4 percent. Hamel soils formed in slope colluvium and glacial till of Late � Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature is about 45 to 48 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 25 to 30 inches. Frost free days range from 125 to 165. Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet. � GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are principally the Ha �den and Lester soils. These soils are well drained and are on the higher lying, gently sloping to very steep ' slopes. DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained. Surface � runoff is low or moderately low. Permeability is moderately slow. The apparent seasonal high water table is at .5 to 1.5 feet for the poorly drained phase and 1.5 to 2.5 feet for the somewhat poorly drained phase during spring in normal years. ' � ' � � USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is cropped to corn, hay, soybeans, and small grains. However, significant areas are in pasture and forest. Native vegetation is mixed wet � prairie grasses and deciduous forest. DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Primarily in the southeast one-quarter of Minnesota in the � timbered, hilly, "gray° till region. Moderately extensive. MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota � SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, 1969. REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - � the zone from the surface to a depth of 40 inches (Ap, A, AB and Btg 1); argillic horizon - the zone from 24 to 46 inches (Btgl, Btg2,). Type location moved from Hennepin County, Mn. to Wright County, Mn., 11/96 to better exemplify the series concept. ! A somewhat poorly drained overwash phase is recognized that has 8 to 20 inches of colluvium over the original dark colored surface. � ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 785 for results of some laboratory analysis of this series. , KILKENNY SERIES The Kilkenny series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in a mantle � of clayey glacial till or flow till and underlying loamy glacial till on moraines. These soils have moderately slow permeability. Their slopes range from 2 to 35 percent. The mean annual � precipitation is about 28 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 48 degrees F. TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs � TYPICAL PEDON: Kilkenny clay loam with a 15 percent linear sideslope on a glacial moraine in a pastured field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.) � Ap--O to 9 inches; very dark brown (lOYR 2/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (lOYR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundayr. (6 to 10 inches thick) � Btl--9 to 19 inches; brown (lOYR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderately medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderately fine subangular blocky; firm; common fine and very fine roots; � few distinct very dark brown (lOYR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt2--19 to 38 inches; brown (lOYR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting � to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine roots; common distinct very dark brown (lOYR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; strongly acid; � gradual wavy boundary. ' � , � Bt3--38 to 53 inches; brown (lOYR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; firm; common distict very dark brown (lOYR 2/2) clay � films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; few fine distict brown (7.SYR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 20 to 40 inches.) � 2BC--53 to 65 inches; light olive brown (2.SY 5/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; few distinct dark brown (lOYR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; friable; about 8 percent gravel; � about 2 percent cobbles; few fine distinct brown (7.SYR 4/4) Fe deletions; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. � 2C--65 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.SY 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few concentrations of light gray (2.SY 7/2) calcium carbonates in pores; brown (7.SYR 4/4) soft masses of iron- manganese �n nodules; about 8 percent gravel; about 2 percent cobbles; common medium � prominent dark yellowish brown (lOYR 4/6) Fe concentrations and common medium distinct gray (2.SY 5/1) Fe depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline. TYPE LOCATION: Le Sueur County, Minnesota; about 3 miles west and 3 miles south of � Montgomery; about 300 feet east and 800 feet north of the southwest corner of Sec. 19, T.111N., R.23W.; USGS Montgomery quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 24 minutes 3 seconds N., and long. 93 � degrees 38 minutes 41 seconds W., NAD 27. RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates range from 20 to 60 inches. Gravel of mixed lithology, but dominated by shale fragments, typically make up 2 to 8 percent of � the volume of the series control section, but the upper part of the profile in some pedons contains less than 2 percent gravel. Rounded shale fragments dominate the coarse sand fraction. Soil saturation occurs above a depth of 40 inches in 6 out of 10 years. , The Ap or A horizon has hue of lOYR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, loam or silt loam. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral. � Some pedons have a thin E horizon. � The Bt horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 5. Faint to prominent Fe concentrations and depletions commonly are above a depth of 40 inches. Redox depletions do not occur in the upper 10 inches of this horizon. The upper 20 inches of the Bt � horizon typically contains 35 to 45 percent clay. B/A clay ratios are 1.2 to 1.4. The Bt horizon is clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay. The reaction strongly acid to neutral. � The 2BC horizon has properties similar to the 2C horizon. Some pedons have a 2BK horizon. The 2C harizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 5. It is clay loam or loam. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. � COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. i ! ! � � GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kilkenny soils have plane and convex slopes on gently sloping to steep end moraines of the Des Moines lobe of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Their slopes � range from 2 to 35 percent. They formed in a mantle of clayey glacial till or flow till and underlying loamy glacial till on moraines. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free days range from 145 to � 175. Elevation above sea level ranges from 800 to 1500 feet. GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gicnr��c, Lcr�lal, Lc�lcr, Lc � Sucur, Lura, !�1�va�l.<<, and Sl�icicl� series. The very poorly drained Glencoe and Lura soils are in the lower lying drainageways and depressions. The somewhat poorly drained Lerdal soils are on gently sloping to moderately steep areas. Shields soils are poorly drained, and are on slightly � elevated flats. Mazaska soils are poorly drained, and are on slightly elevated flats and swales above or within areas of Kilkenny soils. Also, the well drained Lester soils and the moderately well drained L,e Sueur soils are associated in a few areas. � DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. Runoff is medium to very high. A perched seasonal high water table occurs at depths of 2.5 � to 4.0 feet during the period April, May, and June in normal years. USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are cropped to corn, grain, hay, and soybeans. � Some areas are used for pasture and some are forested. Native vegetation is mixed prairie and forest species. DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South central Minnesota and north-central Iowa. The series � is of moderate extent. MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota ' SERIES ESTABLISHED: Waseca County, Minnesota, 1963. � REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 9 inches (Ap horizon); Argillic horizon - the zone from 9 to 53 inches (Btl, Bt2, Bt3 horizons); Oxyaquic subgroup based on saturation above a � depth of 40 inches; Vertic subgroup based on more than 6 cm of COLE in upper 40 inches. Water table studies and field observations have verified a perched condition in most years, particularly in periods of extended rainfall. � ADllI1'IONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record number MN0376. ' PALMS SERIES The Palms series consist of very deep, very poorly drained soils formed in herbaceous organic material 16 to 5 I � inches thick and the underlying loamy deposits in closed depressions on moraines, lake plains, till plains, outwash plains,and hillside seep areas,and on backswamps of flood plains. Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid in the organic material, and moderate or moderately slow in the loamy material. Slopc ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is ahout 35 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 50 degrees F. ' i 1 ' � TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, euic, mesic Terric Haplosaprists 1 TYPICAL PEDON: Palms muck, on 1 percent slope under marsh vegetation at an elevation of 648 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.) � Oal--0 to 14 inches; black (lOYR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck (sapric material); about 5 percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; moderate medium granular structure; slightly sticky; about 20 to 25 percent mineral material; slightly acid (pH 6.5 in water); abrupt smooth boundary. � Oa2--14 to 28 inches; black (lOYR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck (sapric material); about 5 percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; massive parting to weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky; 10 to 20 percent mineral material; strongly acid (pH 5.5 in water); clear ' smooth boundary. Oa3--28 to 35 inches; black (N 2.5/0) rubbed muck (sapric material); about 5 percent fiber, less � than 5 percent rubbed; massive; slightly sticky; 10 to 20 percent mineral material; moderately acid (pH 6.0 in water); abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Oa horizon is 16 to 51 inches.) � Cg--35 to 80 inches; gray (lOYR 5/1) clay loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (lOYR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; neutral (pH 6.8 in � water) in upper part; slightly effervescent, moderately alkaline in lower part. TYPE LOCATION: Gratiot County, Michigan; north of the flood plain of the Maple River and � about 200 feet south of the upland; 1,420 feet south and 820 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 27, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.; U.S.G.S. Pompeli topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 8 minutes 31.3 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 31 minutes 34.7 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, � 701165 easting and 4779557 northing, NAD 83. RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the loamy C horizon ranges from 16 to 51 � inches. The organic material is derived primarily from herbaceous plants, but some layers contain as much as 15 percent woody material. Reaction of the organic material ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline. Some organic layers contain carbonates. , The surface tier has hue of lOYR to SYR, or is neutral; value of 2, 2.5, or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. It is dominantly sapric material; however, some pedons have hemic material. The subsurface � and bottom tiers have hue of lOYR to SYR, or are neutral; value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 0 to 3. Thin layers, less than 10 inches thick, of hemic material are in some pedons. Thin layers, less than 5 inches thick, of fibric material are in some pedons. Some pedons have a thin layer of ' sedimentary peat above the C horizon. Some pedons have a thin A horizon above the C horizon. The C or Cg horizon has hue of lOYR to SY, SGY, or is neutral; value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 4. It is loamy very fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, � clay loam, or sandy clay loam, or the gravelly analogues of these textures. The upper 12 inches of this horizon averages between 10 and 35 percent clay. Some pedons contain Chin strata of fine � sand, loamy sand, or silt. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline. Rock ' , , � fragment content ranges from 0 to 25 percent and fragments range in size from gravel to stones. Some pedons contain carbonates. Sandy substratum, gravelly substratum, and overwash phases � are recognized. COMPETING SERIES: These are the Klu��ner, Lin��cu1, Mcc1��, N�itrhau�� (T), Philh�,n, and � Sh�ilc�ir series. Similar soils are the ;��1ri�tn, C,irli�lr, C�tlhr��, I��i��,��n, Ec1��ar�1�, Huu�hlc�n, M�irke �, "l��i��<i,, and ��"illcur series. Klossner soils have A horizons direetly below the organic matter. Linwood soils formed mainly in woody fibers. Medo soils have less than 10 percent clay � in the lower 1/3 of the series control section. Natchaug soils are in areas where the mean annual precipitation is greater than 43 inches. Philbon soils have fibric and hemic material in the upper 12 inches. Shalcar soils have a difference between mean annual summer and mean annual winter � temperatures that is less than 26 degrees F. Adrian, Dawson, Markey, and Tawas soils have sandy mineral layers at depths of 16 to 51 inches. In addition, the Dawson, Markey, and Tawas soils have frigid soil temperatures. Carlisle and Houghton soils formed in organic deposits more � than 51 inches thick. Cathro soils have frigid soil temperatures. Edwards soils are underlain by marl at depths of 16 to 51 inches. Willette soils have mineral layers that average more than 35 percent clay at depths of 16 to 51 inches. , GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Palms soils formed herbaceous organic material and the underlying loamy deposits and are in closed depressions on lake plains, till plains, outwash � plains, moraines, and hillside seep areas, and on backswamps of flood plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent. The soils on nearby uplands are generally loamy. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from about 30 to � 43 inches, frost-free period ranges from 120 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,530 feet above sea level. � GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The f I��u��htc�n soils are the most common associate and are on similar landform positions. Poorly drained or very poorly drained loamy mineral soils are at the edges of the bogs and are adjacent to Palms soils. , DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. The potential runoff for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid in the organic material, � and moderate or moderately slow in the loamy materiaL The depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 1 foot above the surface to 1 foot below the surface from November to May in normal years. � USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in marsh vegetation of grasses, reeds, and sedges; and alder, aspen, willow, and dogwood. Some areas have been drained and are used for pasture, corn, and some truck crops. ' DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95B, 96, 97, 98, 99, 111, and 115, and possibly in 100, 105, 110, 114, and 120 in the southern part of the lower peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, � northern Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Connecticut, and other northeastern states. The soils are of large extent. ' MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana. ' � ' ' SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sanilac County, Michigan; 1955. � REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: organic material from the surface to 35 inches (Oa 1, Oa2, and Oa3 horizons); mineral material at depths from 35 to 80 inches - Terric subgroup. � ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T98MI-057-004) for the typical pedon is on file in � MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Palms soils and 30 percent Houghton soils. � , , � , ' ' � ' ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION � Wetland Definition ' � , ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' WETLAND DEFINITION � According to the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "Wetlands Delineation Manual" (1987 Manual; the document used by all delineators to define wetlands) a wetland is "Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to � support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions." The Minnesota State Wetland Conservation Act Rules, Chapter 8420, further clarifies that "...wetlands must: (1) have a predominance of hydric � soils; (2) be inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions; and (3) under normal circumstances, support a prevalence of hydrophytic � vegetation." The 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Manual in Part II, item 24. states that, "The interaction of hydrology, vegetation, and soil results in the development of characteristics � unique to wetlands. Therefore, the following technical guidelines for wetlands are based on the three parameters, and diagnostic environmental characteristics used in applying the technical guideline are represented by various indicators of these parameters." It �s this premise by which � SER ecologists has, in their professional judgment, delineated the wetlands on the subject parcel described in this report. ' Wetland Hydrology The most important wetland criterion is hydrology. The presence and persistence of water influences the vegetation types and changes soil morphology. Hydrology may be observed as � standing water (inundation), or may be observed as freestanding water within the soil pit or auger hole (saturation) usually within the upper 12 inches. This is what would be considered primary hydrology indicators. Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that ' wetland hydrology indeed exists. The 1987 Corps Manual also has a range of hydrologic zones established based on period of inundation or saturation. These zones and the periods of inundation or saturation for each can be observed in Table 1 below. � Excer ted from the 1987 Manual, H drolo ic Zones—Nontidal Areas Zone Name Duration Comments Wetland or Not � I Permanently Inundated 100% Inundation>6.6 ft. mean Not(Aquatic Habitat Zone, or Deep Water water de th Habitat) Semipermanently To Nearly �75 Inundation defined as II Permanendy Inundated Or <100% �6.6 feet mean water Wetland � Saturated de th III Regularly Inundated Or �25-75% Wetland Saturated � Seasonally Inundated Or <12.5- IV Saturated 25� Wetland Irre ularl Inundated or Many areas having these Wetland if h dro h tic ve and h dric V g S turated >5-12.5�/c hydrologic characteristics � so ls also present � � arc not wetlands Areas with these VI Intermittently Or Never <5�/� h drolo« Inundated Or Saturated Y bic characteristics Not � arc not wetlands ' � � � The definition of appropriate hydrology according to the 1987 Manual includes two important terms that must be clarified. First, the definition of a growing season is needed. The growing � season is defined in the 1987 Manual as: "...the portion of the year when soil temperature (measured 19.7 inches below the surface) is above biological zero (5° C or 41° F)." According to the 1987 Manual this period of time can be approximated by using the "starting and ending dates � for the growing season based on a 28° F air temperature threshold at a frequency of 5 years in 10." Based on this definition the growing season ranges approximately 160 days to 180 days in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area (160 in the northern suburbs and greater to the south). � Therefore, the required inundation or saturation to the surface for 5% of the growing season would be 8 or 9 consecutive days that ground water would need to be at the surface or saturated to the surface. ' The second term in the appropriate hydrology definition from the above paragraph to be clarified is "in most years". This means in 5 of 10 years hydrology must exist within a "jurisdictional � wetland" for the 8 or 9 consecutive days of the growing season. This means that one observation date or even one whole year worth of detailed hydrology data may be deemed insufficient to determine if appropriate hydrology exists at a given location. In the event that precipitation � events accumulate to above or below normal during just prior to a site visit or during a more intensive hydrology study, the data may be confounded by non-normal circumstances and may be considered outside the bounds of "most years". Ideally, both antecedent soil moisture � conditions and precipitation would be normal during all delineations. However, this is not a realistic impression of climate. Therefore, primary indicators of hydrology must be reviewed with scrutiny prior to determining if hydrology indeed exists. � Wetland hydrology may be observed as standing water (inundation), or may be observed as freestanding water within a soil pit or auger hole (saturation) usually within the upper 12 inches. � This is what would be considered primary hydrology indicators. Examination of this indicator requires digging a soil pit to a depth of 16 inches and observing the level at which water stands after sufficient time has been allowed for water to drain into the hole. The required time will � vary depending on soil texture. This level represents the depth to the water table; the depth to saturated soils will always be nearer the surface due to the capillary fringe. According to the � Hydrology criteria in the 1987 Delineation Manual, for soil saturation to impact vegetation, it must occur within a major portion of the root zone, typically within 12 inches of the surface. Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that wetland hydrology is � present. However, since a single observation is not enough evidence, based on the percentage of the growing season this inundation or saturation is required, these data are only valid when reviewed while also considering the abundance of recent precipitation events or the seasonal � trend of climate when the site visit was made (this may be done through review of precipitation records where available). In addition to the primary indicators of wetland hydrology, there are secondary indicators (e.g. oxidized root channels, water-stained leaves, local soil survey data, � FAC-Neutral test), of which two must be present to consider the sample point as having wetland hydrology. ' � ' ' ' Hydrophytic Vegetation (Wetland Vegetation) � Wetland vegetation is defined in the 1987 Manual as "The sum total of macrophytic plant life growing in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen as a result of excessive water content. When hydrophytic vegetation comprises a community where indicators � of hydric soils and wetland hydrology also occur, the area has wetland vegetation." In more standard terms, some plants are more adapted to growing within inundated or saturated soil. Based on literature records and professional experience, a panel of experts compiled a list of � plant species and assigned each a hydrophytic status (described below and includes five major classes of probability of a plant occurring within a wetland). � In terms of delineation there is a gradient of plant species that are adapted to "growing in water or on substrate that is at least periodically deficient of oxygen". Fieldwork associated with wetland delineations includes a procedure (the 50/20 Rule, for determination of dominance), � which is also outlined in the 1987 Manual, by which to determine if hydrophytic plant species dominate the vegetation at a given location. This procedure has been used for the wetland delineation at the subject parcel of this report. � Hydric Soil Defined in the 1987 Manual as "A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during � the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. Hydric soils that occur in areas having positive indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology are wetland soils." � For the purposes of delineation of wetlands, soils cannot be viewed without digging pits or extracting soil using an auger. Therefore, transects of soil samples are taken from perceived � upland to perceived wetlands along a transitional boundary. There are specific color indicators, textures, and depth requirements in the soil that are reviewed in order to determine whether � hydric soils occur at a given point or not. After a transect of soil samples has been taken, upon consideration of vegetation and indicators of appropriate hydrology a working prototype for the given wetland is developed by the delineator. The wetland delineator then uses this working � prototype to complete the location of the remainder of the wetland boundary, unless the wetland is large enough or the landscape features (vegetation or topography) change enough to warrant additional transect samples. � ' � � ' � ' � ' APPENDIX A � �xplanation of Cowardin and Circular 39 Wetland Classification Systems r � i i � 1 1 1 ! ! 1 1 i 1 i � � Clarification of Cowardin Classification , and Circular 39 Wetland Types 1, 1L, 2, 3 and 7 � By Franklin J. Svoboda � Svoboda Ecological Resources 2477 Shadywood Road, Suite 100 Excelsior,MN 55331 � (952)471-1100 franksCa��psinnovations.com � Introduction The National Wetland Inventory (NWI) mapping process completed in Minnesota between 1979 � and 1982 developed a wetlands inventory map for the state of Minnesota utilizing remotely sensed color infrared photography that was visually interpreted. The interpretation process hierarchically classified wetlands using, at the time, the recently published Cowardin � classification system (Cowardin et al 1979). The wetland interpretation and classification process was ground verified using selective plots and locations but was field verified to only a limited extent. Consequently, the published NWI paper copies carry the disclaimer that these maps are to � be used for advisory purposes only and actual classifications are to be based on ground verification. Visual interpretation from remote sensed imagery has some limitations particularly with regard to the water regime modifier. Year to year variation in precipitation cycles along � with the occurrence of precipitation events at the time that the imagery was acquired, even if all acquisition occurred during the spring season, can result in variations in modifier categorization. � Accurate classification becomes critical when regulatory decisions are being made with regard to the wetland type and the amount of de minimum fill that is permissible. Also, it is a matter of scientifically accurate consistency with regard to adherence to the various technical publications � and regulatory guidance documents. Circular 39 was authored by Shaw and Fredine and published by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife � Service (USFWS) in 1956. The intended purpose of Circular 39 was an effort at classifying and inventorying wetlands on a national scale in order to assess the wetland base and related waterfowl production potential. The classification process was never intended to serve as a � classification system for wetland regulatory purposes. However, since it was the first national effort of its kind and as wetland regulatory intentions materialized, this was the only method available to differentiate between wetlands of different types. � The Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR) cross-reference table (8420.0549 subp. 2.) indicates that Circular 39 Type 3 wetlands have a "C" water regime modifier. This is an ' 1 ' ' � inaccurate cross-reference and the intent of this technical paper is a clarification of the correct interpretation. There is also a common tendency to refer to bottomland hardwoods as Type 7 � wetlands. This is also an inaccurate classif�ication. The NWI paper maps do not �ise the water regime modifier "E" because i� was difficult to � interpret from the inherent limitations imposed by the remote sensed imagery. Therefore, most if not all Type 3 wetlands were given the designation "C". However, the following discussion will examine and clarify the differences between Circular 39 Types 1, 1L, 2, 3, and 7 and the � appropriate Cowardin water regime modifying terms. Circular 39 Wetland Types ' Type 1/1L—Seasonally Flooded Basins or Flats Type 1 wetlands are characterized by soil that is covered with water or is waterlogged during � variable seasonal periods but is usuall_y well drnined during much of the growing seasori (italics added for emphasis). These wetlands may be found in upland depressions as well as in overflow bottomlands, i.e. river and stream floodplains. Within floodplains, flooding may occur in late � fall, winter or spring. In upland contexts, basins or flats may be water filled during heavy rain events or following spring snow melt. Vegetation types vary greatly according to the season and the duration of flooding. Included within Type 1 are bottomland hardwoods as well as some � herbaceous growths. Where the water has receded early in the growing season, smartweeds, fall panicum, tealgrass, chufa, redroot cypress and weeds (such as marsh elder, ragweed and cockleburs) are likely to occur. Shallow basins that are submerged only very temporarily usually � develop little or no wetland vegetation (Shaw and Fredine 1956, p30). Since Circular 39 was developed for national application, the description of Type 1 wetlands � covers a broad range of geographic contexts hence the reference to winter flooding. Cowardin et al (p. 28) in Table 4 describe Type 1 wetlands as seasonally flooded basins or flats, � wet meadow, bottomland hardwoods and shallow freshwater swamps. The water regimes are described as temporarily flooded (A) or intermittently flooded (J). � The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), within the regulatory framework of the Protected Waters and Public Wetlands framework has added the Type 1 L designator to more clearly clarify the Circular 39 classification method and to allow an accurate distinction to be � made between bottomland hardwoods, seasonally flooded non-vegetated or herbaceous vegetated basins and hardwood swamps. The distinction on the basis of hydrology is clear and it was the intent of the DNR to differentiate between forested bottomland hardwoods and non-forested � wetlands. Type 2—Inland Fresh Meadows � Inland fresh meadows (Type 2) wetlands have soil that is usually without standing water during most of the growing season but is waterlogged to within at least a few inches of its surface. Vegetation includes grasses, rushes, sedges, and various broad-leaved plants. In northern � environments, typical species representatives are carex, rushes, redtop, reedgrasses, , ' , � mannagrasses, prairie cordgrass and mints. Meadows may be present in shallow lake basins, sloughs, farmland "sags" or may border shallow marshes on the landward side. � Table 4 (Cowardin et al p. 28) includes within its description of Type 2 wetlands as fen and northern sedge meadow. The water regime is described as saturated (B). This description, as � used by some plant ecologists and wetland scientists, is specifically limiting and at least in some instances does not suggest that reed canary grass dominated wetlands would fall into this category. � Type 3 —Inland Shallow Fresh Marshes Inland shallow fresh marshes (Type 3) wetlands have a soil substrate that is usually waterlogged � during the growing season and at some times may be covered with as much as 6 inches or more of water. Common vegetation includes grasses, bulrushes, spikerushes, and various other marsh plants such as cattails, arrowheads, pickerelweed, and smartweeds. Common representatives in � the North include reed, whitetop, rice cutgrass, carex and giant burreed. Type 3 marshes may nearly fill shallow lake basins or sloughs or may border deep marshes on the landward side. They may also occur as seep areas in agricultural fields resulting from failing drain tile systems � or where sand seams are near the surface on hillside slopes. Cowardin et al (Table 4, pg 28) describes the water regime as either seasonally tlooded (C) or � semipermanently flooded (F). The accurate categorization of Type 3 wetlands is most critical since seasonally flooded wetlands containing reed canary grass are eligible for larger de mininzus fills (up to 10,000 square feet) than cattail marshes (only 400 square feet). The difference in � hydrological regimes is discussed in the next section. � Type 7 —Wooded Swamps Wooded swamps (Type 7) wetlands have a soil substrate that is "waterlogged to within a few inches of its surface" (Shaw and Fredine 1956, pg 22) during the growing season and often can � be covered with as much as 1 foot of water. Type 7 wetlands often occur along the edges of sluggish streams, on floodplains, on flat uplands and in very shallow lake basins. In the North, trees include tamarack, arbor vitae, black spruce, balsam, red maple, and black ash. Northern � evergreen swamps frequently have a thick ground cover of mosses. Deciduous swamps frequently contain beds of duckweeds, smartweeds and other herbaceous plant species. Hardwood swamps frequently are associated with Type 6, shrub swamp wetlands. � Table 4 (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 28) states that Type 7 wetlands include all water regimes except permanently flooded. This description is inconsistent with the more specific description � of Shaw and Fredine (1956) that describes a Type 7 wetland as having waterlogged soil to within a few inches of the surface throughout the growing season. � Wooded swamps (Type 7) are frequently mischaracterized as bottomland hardwoods (Type 1 L), however there are significant differences in the hydrological regimes between the two. The nature of these differences is discussed in a subsequent section. ' ' � ' , Cowardin Water Regime Modifiers The purpose of water regime modifiers is to provide a better description of the variations in � hydrology that occur in wetlands on a seasonal and annual basis. These descriptions are general in nature because wetland hydrology is extraordinarily dynamic. Hydrology is the most variable component of wetlands and can vary substantially within a single basin weekly, monthly, � seasonally, annually and over decades. Extraordinarily wet or dry periods, whether short or prolonged, do have dramatic effects on the presence or absence of water in any given wetland. Whether a wetland has naturally occurring hydrology or whether it is partially or completely 1 drained affects its behavior as a component of the landscape, its appearance, the vegetation that inhabits it, and the effectiveness of the functions that it performs. Wetlands may also have artificially induced hydrology due to stormwater inputs or interconnections to other wetlands via � ditch or tile drain systems. Careful consideration of each wetland within the overall context of the landscape is necessary to understand which water regime best fits along with the special modifiers that describe alterations to wetlands. �� One special modifier class that is missing is the "stormwater pond" category. This is a commonly occurring condition in urban landscapes and should be added. Stormwater ponds may have been � specifically constructed for that purpose or, in the past, previously existing wetlands were used to treat stormwater and now function as stormwater ponds rather than "natural" wetlands. � Descriptions of the modifiers are taken from Cowardin et al (1979, pgs 21 —22) and from Santos and Gauster (1993, pgs 30— 32). � Descriptions within the parentheses are terms used on the NWI key and the longer description is the one used by Cowardin et aL (1979). Where a parenthetical term is excluded, the two terms � are the same. Modifier "A" , Temporarily Flooded (Temporary� Surface water is present for brief periods during the growing season but the water table usually is well below the soil surface for most of the season. Temporarily flooded wetlands usually have � plants that are characteristic of both uplands and wetlands. This modifier description is most appropriately assigned to Type 1 and 1L wetlands but clearly does not fit the Type 7 Hardwood Swamp wetland type. Table 4 (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 28) is inconsistent by including this � regime in the Type 7 category. Modifier "B" ' Saturated Soil saturation occurs to the surface for extended periods during the growing season but surface water is seldom present or evident. Many sedge and rush wetlands fit into this category. This � modifier also aptly fits the water regime that occurs in the hardwood swamps that are present in parts of Minnesota in hardwood swamps such as black ash swamps and in coniferous swamps such as white cedar, tamarack, and black spruce swamps. This modifier also describes Type 2 � wetlands as described above and includes fens and sedge/rush dominated wetlands. � ' ' ' Modifier "C" � Seasonally Flooded (Seasonal) Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season but is absent by the end of the season in most years. When surface water is absent, the water table is often � near the surface. Santos and Gauster (1993, pg 3 l) add that the water table, after flooding ceases, is very variable, extending from saturated to a water table well below the surface. This accurately describes the situation that frequently occurs within reed canary grass wetlands where � there is saturation to the surface or even several inches of inundation after snow melt. In most years, by the end of May, surface water is no longer evident in many of these basins. During June, the water table continues to recede until by August, the water table may be two or more � feet below the surface. Many of these areas are used for livestock pasturing and for harvesting meadow hay. Wetlands with a "C" modifier that consist predominantly of reed canary grass should be categorized as either Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the length of time that water is � present. This modifier is the most difficult to specifically assign to a Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3 category as it could apply to any of the three. � Modifier "D" Seasonal Well-Drained (No comparable Cowardin category� Santos and Gauster (1993, pg 31) describe this modifier as applying where surface water is 1 present for extended periods especially early in the growing season. The water table, after flooding ceases falls well below the ground surface. This modifier would appear to apply to floodplains and bottomland hardwood forests (Type 1 L) as described above. Modifiers "C" and � "D" seem to overlap to a certain extent and could also apply to reed canary grass wetlands as well. 1 Modifier"E" � Seasonal Saturated (No comparable Cowardin category� � Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season, and remains saturated near the surface for most of the growing season (Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 31). This modifier would appear to apply to fens, sedge and rush meadows, some Type 6 shrub swamps, � Type 7 Hardwood Swamps and Type 8 bogs. Some reed canary grass wetlands might fall into this category but most seem to be dried out by early to mid-summer. � Modifier "F" Semipermanently Flooded (Semipermanent) Surface water persists throughout the growing season in most years. When surface water is � absent, the water table is usually at or very near the land surface (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 22; Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 31). This modifier applies to Type 3 cattail marshes and may also apply to some hardwood swamps such as black ash, conifer bogs and Type 6 alder shrub � swamps. i t 1 ' � Modi�er "G" Intermittently Exposed � Surface water is present throughout the year except in years of extreme drought (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 22; Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 31). Type 4 wetlands fall into this category. � Modifier "H" Permanentiv Flooded (Permanent) Water covers the land surface throughout the year in all years. Vegetation is composed of � obligate hydrophytes (Cowardin et al 1979, pg 22). Modifier "J" � Intermittently Flooded The substrate is usually exposed, but surface water is present for variable periods without detectable seasonal periodicity. Weeks, months, or years may intervene between periods of � inundation. The dominant plant communities may change as soil moisture conditions change. According to Cowardin et al (1979, pg 22) "Some areas exhibiting this regime do not fall within our definition of wetland because they do not have hydric soils or support hydrophytes." Some of � the areas in agricultural fields that have been flooded during the spring and early summer of 2003 and 2004, following periods of intense and persistent rainfall, may well fall into this category and may not in fact be subject to regulation as a wetland. , Modifier "K" Artificially Flooded (Artificial) � The amount and duration of flooding is controlled by means of pumps or siphons in combination with dikes or dams. Water and wastewater treatment facilities are included under this category. This definition does not appear to include stormwater ponds. � Modifier "Z" I Intermittently Exposed/Permanent (No comparable Cowardin cate�ory� Exhibits features of both Intermittently Exposed and Permanent water regimes (Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 31). , Modifier "W" Intermittently Flooded/Temporary (No com�arable Cowardin cate�rv) � Exhibits features of both Intermittently Flooded and Temporary water regimes (Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 32). � Modifier "Y" Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal (No comparable Cowardin cate�ory� Exhibits features of the Saturated, Semipermanent and Seasonal water regimes (Santos and � Gauster 1993, pg 32). � � , ' � Modifier"U" Unknown (No comparable Cowardin category) � The water regime is not known (Santos and Gauster 1993, pg 32). Discussion ' Type 1/1L The description provided for Type 1 wetlands and the reference to the absence of wetland vegetation in basins that are only flooded very temporarily raises a regulatory question. One of � the criteria for a jurisdictional wetland is the presence of hydrophytic vegetation (1987 Manual pp 16 - 26). Type 1 wetlands often are found in agricultural fields and often are determined to be jurisdictional on the basis of an aerial 35mm slide review; the quality of the slides is poor under � the very best of circumstances. . The determination of regulatory jurisdiction is based on normal circumstances or as defined by the COE, being agriculturally cropped 51 out of 100 years (i.e. by inference lacking sufficient hydrology for either 5 or 12.5 percent of the growing season). � The Wetland Conservation Act (WCA) determines normalcy as agricultural cropping for 6 out of 10 years (MnRules 8420.01 10, Subp 53; 8420.0122 Subp.l, A and B). Typically, normalcy on � agricultural lands is determined by the review of the aforementioned low quality 35mm aerial slides and judgments are made as to whether an area is cropped or if the crops are subject to hydrological stresses. The process is highly subjective and can be biased by excessive � precipitation that may occur early in the crop growth cycle. Field examination of these areas may indicate the presence of smartweed and some of the other � indicated species in seasonally abnormally wet years whereas in normal years, hydrophytic vegetation is absent. It is highly probable that the process of determination of Type 1 wetlands as jurisdictional in many cases is extending beyond the legitimate definition of Type 1 wetlands and � the intent of the 1987 Manual. Does a Type 1 basin need to be flooded for 5 percent of the growing season (the lower � definitional bound for jurisdictional hydrology) or 12.5 percent (the upper definitional bound for jurisdictional hydrology) in order for hydrophytic vegetation to develop? In pracCice, the St. Paul I District of the Corps of Engineers (COE) (also applied in practice under the Wetland Conservation Act) applies the 5 percent hydrological definition but if that is too short to allow the development of hydrophytic vegetation under normal conditions than the absence of � hydrophytic vegetation would make those Type 1 wetlands non-jurisdictional. Type 1 L — bottomland hardwoods — poses an equally difficult reg��latory question. Tools for the � evaluation of hydrology for non-cropped areas are much more data intensive and are also subject to precipitation event variability. Measurement tools for the determination of precipitation normalcy are a combination of evaluating annual precipitation and comparison to a 30-year � rolling average along with extensive near ground surface early season hydrological monitoring. If the water levels are within 12" of the surface for less than 8.5 days in the general latitude of the Twin Cities (5 percent of the growing season), Chan the area is not wetland. If water levels are � within 12" of the surface between 5 percent and 12.5 percent of the growing season (21 days in � ' , � the general latitude of the Twin Cities) according to the 1987 Manual (Table 5 pg. 36), the area may be wetland but usually is not. However, the standard practice of the St. Paul COE is to � declare any areas that exceed the 5 percent criteria to be judged jurisdictional wetlands. Areas with water levels within 12" of the surface in excess of 12.5 percent of the growing season are wetlands. � No one has ever undertaken a scientific study to evaluate the relationship between the hydrological requirements and the presence of various wetland or non-wetland plant species. � This is a critical, yet unanswered question. Some studies have been completed examining soil types and hydrological responsiveness but the link between plants and hydrology has yet to be made. Given the annual cost of jurisdictional decisions in terms of "lost land" opportunities, � perhaps such a study would be prudent. The implications of regulatory misinterpretation are enormous in that it is likely that hundreds of � acres of Type 1 wetlands are avoided or mitigated for each year when legitimately these areas are non-jurisdictional and could be developed. � Avoidance or impact and mitigation can cost developers and ultimately, homebuyers, millions of dollars annually just in the developing seven-county Metropolitan Area. Mitigating a non- jurisdictional Type 1 wetland impact at a 2:1 ratio reduces the usable land base unnecessarily. � For every 50 acres of non-jurisdictional impact, 100 acres are removed from the land supply. At an average cost of $100,000 per acre, the cost to developers and ultimately to homeowners is $10,000,000 in just one year for just 50 acres. ' Type 2/3 Type 3 wetlands create the greatest classification difficulty from the perspective of de minimus � qualification. A Type 3 wetland that is seasonally flooded (C) is typically characterized by reed canary grass whereas a Type 3 semi-permanently tlooded wetland is more likely characterized by a growth of cattails. The reed canary wetlands are generally dry by late spring to early � summer. By late summer, the water tables have receded to well below the surface (> 18 — 36"). In contrast, Type 3 cattail wetlands still contain water above or very near the surface during � normal growing seasons. The WCA permits the use of de miriamus filling of Types 1, 2, 6 and 7 wetlands. Clearly it is not � the intent of the WCA to allow the application of the de minimus criteria to fens since the WCA specifically addresses fens as a special category for protection. Therefore, the Type 2 designation must apply to the "C": modifier Type 3 wetland. Further, Type 3 wetlands in excess of 2.5 acres � in incorporated areas and in excess of 10 acres in unincorporated areas are protected under the DNR protected waters statute. In the DNR wetland inventory and classification process, the Type 3 wetlands were clearly dominated by cattails hence the inference that reed canary grass � wetlands were Type 2. Type 7/Type 1L � Inconsistencies in technical descriptions regarding the hydrological regime of these two wetland ' � , � types from a scientific perspective become only a matter of discussion between scientists. However, when wetland types are applied from a regulatory perspective, accuracy in definition � becomes crucial because certain activities may be permitted in one wetland type and prohibited in another. At present, Wetland Types 1L and 7 are subject to the same wetland regulatory requirements and exceptions. However, that may not be always the case and therefore it is � important to note the crucial yet subtle differences between the two types. The majority of bottomland floodplain forests in many years have water tables several feet � beneath the soil surface. The language "throughout the growing season" is quite specific in Circular 39. A careful consideration of the species described in the listing provided by Shaw and Fredine (1956) indicates that the habitat requirements of the species listed include the typical � presence of a near surface high water table whereas the description of a Type 1 L forested wetland describes the term "bottomland hardwood", a rather vague non-specific term but tree species generally included in this category are elm, cottonwood, green ash, and silver maple. � Bottomland hardwoods do not include the species described as associated with hardwood swamps. � Type 7 wetlands are persistently wet under all but the driest conditions whereas Type U1L wetlands are generally dry except under the wettest of conditions. The distinction is significant. � In general, the Board of Water and Soil Resources cross-reference classification (Mn Rules 8420.0549 subp. 2.) are generally accurate but the designation of PEMC as a Type 3 wetland poses some problems. Where the Type 3 wetland is comprised of cattails, a de minimus � exemption of 400 square feet applies but where the wetland is reed canary grass, also a Type 3 designation should technically apply based on the above discussion. The reed canary grass wetlands do not fit well into the "C" modifier category nor do they fit into the "B": modifier � either. � As a matter of standard practice, it would seem best to designate reed canary grass wetlands as Type 2 wetlands regardless if the modifier is "B" of"C". The difference is important in that a de man�rnus exemption of anywhere from 2000 square feet to 10,000 square feet might be � applicable. Also being accurate with regard to wetland type is important when designation of the regulatory wetland type is done based on if the deepest part of the basin or the dominant vegetation is the wetland type that determines allowable fill. This requirement often over- � regulates the reed canary grass fringe and eliminates the possibility of applying the 2000to 10,000 square foot de minimus in many cases where a very small percentage of the overall basin is cattail but because the deepest part of the basin criteria is applied, only 400 square feet of de � minimus fill may be used. In general, while this may seem to be an arcane discussion, in reality it is crucial in order for the � regulated communiry to rightfully claim the wetland exemptions that the law permits. Conversely, it entitles the landowner to rightfully claim useable land for development purposes. A clear understanding and accurate interpretation of the classification system is necessary in � order for the exemptions available under the de minimus categories to be appropriately applied. , � ' , Literature Cited � Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and R.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classi�cntion of Wetla�ids crnd Deepwater Habitnts of the United Stutes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31. 103pp. � Environmental Laboratory. 1987. 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlnnds Delineation Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. � Vicksburg, Mississippi. 100pp + app. Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources. 2002. Bo«rd of Water arid Soil Resources � Wetlnnd Conservntion Act Rules Chapter 8420. Office of Reviser of Statutes. St. Paul, Minnesota. 151pp. � Santos, K.M. and Joan E. Gauster. 1993. User's Guide to Nntional Wetlands Inventory Maps (Regio�i 3) and to "Classification of Wetland.r and Deeprvnter Hczbitnts of the United States". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Region 3. Bloomington, Minnesota. � 38PP Shaw, S.P. and C. G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlnrids of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife � Service, Circular 39. 67pp. , � ' ' � � , � , �