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DIKE WIDTHS FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT MOUNDS
-d2 W d�
J o, 3
SR = Slope Ratio of. horizontal distance per 1.0 foot vertical
s = Landslope in percent • �- q,("
h, = Depth of mound on upslope edge of rock bed --pp
h2 = Depth of mound on downslope edge of rock bed
W = Width of rock bed U2 - aa.-X
d, = Upslope dike width
'' d2 = Downslope dike width � "�`A
FORMULAS
h, SR
[I+ Is SR� ;
d2 h2 SR . 112- h,+ W( 100 )
CI - 100 SR]
UPSLOPE AND DOWNSLOPE DIKE DIMENSIONS
FOR A MOUND WITH 10 - FOOT WIDE ROCK BED
AND h , = 3.0 FEET
Landslope,
h,,
di, ; n Feet
h2,
d2, In, Feet
s, in
in
Slope Ratio
in
S!opq Ratio
Percent
Feet
Feet
4;1
3:1
4:1
3:1
0
3.0
12.0
9.0
3.0
12.0
9.0
3
3.0
10.7
8.3
3.3
1 S.0
10.9
6
3.0
9.7
7.6
3.6
19.0
13.2
9
3.0
8.8
7.1
3.9
24 A
16.0
12
3.0
8.1
6.6
4.2
32.3
19.7
E-4
3r-4"' STRAW OR MARSH HAY-- SANDY LOAM SOIL
GRASS COVER I V4r PERFORATED
SAND FILL PIPE
r
�MAXIMUM
SLOPE -� 6 TOPSOIL
OPS01L I % SLOT
SUBSOIL PLOWED OR
DISKED, SURFACE -3/4'- 2 1/f CLEAN ROCK
CROSS SECTION A — A
�i' a�-� • �...-+�•u.• �/ -sue c+ cam.._:
MP 2r PIPE FROM
PUMPING CHAMOER
'� ' I
n
I V4"
PERFPOIPRE TED
BED AREA
- 44 r- 2 lie"
CLEAN ROC
DIKE I O' MAX -�+— DIKE
TOTAL WIDTH
PLAN VIEW
SEWAGE TREATMENT MOUND WITH PRESSURE
DISTRIBUTION OF EFFLUENT
1�
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TO: Jeanne A. Mabusth, Zoning Administrator
FROM: Michael P. Gaffron, Septic System Inspector
DATE: January 5, 1982
SUBJECT: Ringer Subdivision, North Willow Drive 4,615
Summary: All proposed lots were found to have high water tables,
necesuitating the use of mound systems. Percolation rates in the
uppar soil profile generally were suitable for round systens,
with slower rates found in deeper test holcu. Slopes on thn entire
site are fairly level and suited for mound systems.
This report will consist of: a) a short review of each lot of the
proposed division and b) a discussion of mound systems,including
how and why they work and their current and future use as part of
Orono's land use managem=nt plan. Tile Ringer subdivision is
parhap:; the most c;(tensive development in Orono to date that will
require all mound systems.
A. Rinnor Subdivision
A prclirlinary revise oc' t113 li iinepill Cbunty Soil purvey indicated
e:.tcn3ivc area-, of Cordova silty clay lQu l and "hurc:rood silty
clay loam as -ill CO L_,,ccur loan. would Le found"at tiiiu site.
These ::oil:, all would b,2 c: Pecs^d t•• have a seasonal waL-cr table
Of sztturatiull and 3 fcc:t bolo:, the ;urr"acu.
During the COL'Y:,e of ti.e coil ; invcstiratiorl, I mot tui th tiro sito
!valuator, Carl Cord. r_nd rczil tur Graydon I:ccullcy oli the
sito. Woo mado a bo>• .,g Wa-, Qli definitely indicatcd these high
eater table soils were present. I l3tor confiriacd with Dr. James
L. Andoroon o2 tho University of Minncoota Soils Mtcnaion
Uapartman;; that r,:ound sYotcaiJ would be . appropriatc for thcoo soil
typos. Thcuc are much the ,cn: suila as found in the I•:cdina-
liorningside area, wilicil es:pericucc conventional trench septic
system failures due to ti1c soil couditio,13. In ycricral, the
loWay topsoil chara-_:Lc_riutico fur the ►:i+iger prop: rty are suitable
for proper functioning of oL•alld:ird prcuuIlrc•-mound septic syutems
as par Orono' u Cod;.! and Ucuign I anual.
Vor clarit-y'u r:al:c 1 have labclec] thi - nortlicrn most tier cf ;even
lots as Bloc): 1, the cicstcrn cgruup of si:: lotu as Ulocl: 2, and
the two lots to the ::outhcast• a:; Ulock 3.
Lot 1, Dloc]c 1
Peres PD11 thru PLIG. Carings I:D11 thru 131313. Average perc
rates for both primary and alternate uiL-uu are acceptable. Slopes
are quite level. maturation indications, (mottlincr) started at
1.7 to 2.5 feet. Actual water table: i.►t 5-7' depth. A mound
syutem should be ur:ed due to the pr(.!;erict: )f ::ha] l��w ;aturatian
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Ohl', Hin,,••r Sijhdivision
1'ay(- 4
Lot 2, Block 1
Peres PH21 thru PB26. Borings BB21 thru BD23. Average perc rates
for bDth Frimzry and alternate sites are acceptable. Slopeq are
nearly level at the tested sites, ranging from 0 to 3%. Mottling
indicated below 2', with actual water table at 3.2 to 4.21. A
standard mound system should be used due to the presence of shallow
saturation zones.
Lot 3, Block 1
Peres PB31 thru P1326. Borings B031 thru BB33. Slopes in the
primary site are approximately 6-8%, on a slight flattening
Of the 10-121 slopes surrounding it. Borings in the primary site
indicate 1 to 2 ' of loamy topsoil over a 6" layer of organic clay
topsoil over a plastic sandy clay. Actual water table at the
primary site was below 51. However, the high plasticity indicates
a heavy clay that is probably saturated. The secondary site was
mottled below 1.5 feet with an actual saturated zone at 1' depth.
Coupled with a slope of 10% the secondary site is marginal for a
mound system and would require at least 2' of sand base as part
of the design. I suggest that a standardpre3sure mound system
be required for both sites with added sand depth for the secondary
system. Please note that this lot is the most tenuous in the
subdivision in turms of slope and soils consideration for using
a mound system. Should a proposed house location encroach on
either of the tested sites, careful review and possible additional
testing will be ncedel to ensure that a mound can still be used.
The site does nog appear capable of supporting any kind of a trench
system.
/A,u t 4, Block 1
,/
Ileres PD41 thru PUIG. 13crings 7J841 thru U1343. :;lopes average 514 -
71 overall. Lo_i.ngr. indicate actual'water table at 4' with mottling
at a depth of 3-4' for the primary and 2' at the secondary site.
Pere rates wore fairly uniform throughout those tcc;ted sites. A
depres3ion/drainageway to the imi-iiediate south of the tested sites
must be avoided during construction of the systems. I would `
recommend a ~standard pressure mound for both sites.
Lot 5, Block 1
Pere; P1351 thru 11D5G. Lorincjs LD51 thru L1353. :lopco arc 31 to
63 overall. Mottling aL Liao primary site :started at 2.7 to 3.5'
with actual water table at 3.7 to 5.0' . This; site is; ac.cepcat)le
for a standard mound sy:,t--;m. The alt-crnate site has a f.('.rc rate
cunGidered too slog for any sysLc.rn by code. do:jevcr, close
scrutiny shows that the peres were tat -on at lepth in the sandy
clay subsoil, not in the L opsoil. In c1cneral, throughout the entire
subdivision tho tcstinrl done at a depth of 12", in the tripsoil,
indicates acceptable percolation rates, with tcstincf at 24" or more
indicating slower, marginal perc rates. In my 01)inion, this site
is no different than must of the others, and would have an acceptable
Lore rate if tested at the 12" depth in the :randy loam top:;oil.
No further 'te:t;tincj shuu1,1 b(( rr-rluirorl; a mound-.yr;tc.rn if; recc)mrnended.
A615 Ringer Subdivision
Pxgc 5
Lot 6, Block 1
Peres PB61 thru P866. Borings BB61 thru BB63. Average perc
rates at both sites are acceptable. Slopes range from 2 to 41.
Mottling started at a depth of approximately 2.4 feet, with
actual water level at 2.5 to 4.41. A standard mound system
should be used at both sites.
Lot 7, Block 1
Peres PS71 thru 1376. Borings BB71 thru BB73. Slopes average 2-3i.
Perc rates were fairly slc•:i, with the secondary site being somewhat
slower than the limit (however, the justification for Lot 5,
Block 1 also applies here). Actual water level ranged from 1.7
to 3.5' with mottling generally below 2.5'. A standard mound is
recommended for both sites_
Lot 1, Block 2
Peres PAll thru PA18. Eorin•;s Bt.11 thru BA13. Slopes are very
flat. Mottling was indi.:ated below 2. i ' with actu.-1 water
encountered below 2.0'. Two secondary sites were tested. All
sites are acceptable for a standard hound system.
Lot 2, Mock 2
Peres PA21 thru PA26. i:oring:; DA-,l thru BA23. Very flat slopes.
Mottling occur;, at 2.0 to 2.4' with actual water encountered
below 2.4'. Pere rates on b_th sites are acceptable. A mound
syotcm is recommended for both sites.
Lot 3, Block 2
Peres; lIA31 tl,ru PA36. Lorinds DA31 thru L'A33.lopes averaged
2 to 54. -L•arts at a depth of 2.0-3.5' . I,ctual water
level was b3lov :. Perc rates arc acceptable. Mound systems
are rcco:n;ac:ndcd for both site:;.
Lot 4, Dlock 2
Peres PA41 thru PA,G. Lorings DA41 thru DA43. Slopes are very
flat. Eottling qsn%tally was found below 2.0', with actual
water level at about 4.0'. Perc: rate for primary site is
acceptable; f,orc rate fr,r secondary site is slightly slow but
acceptable for a mound based on the justification referred to
for Lot 5, Dlock 1. I tucomuncnd a mound syu tcm for both sites.
Lot 5, 11loch 2
"erns P1,51 thru hhSG. Uorinys LA51 thru DA53. :,lope:, are very
'iat. PIr,ttlinrJ ur.curred below 1.2 feet with actual water below
4.0 feet. Per(: mites ara zcccpt,ule for the primary site and
slightly slow •:I the cr:cc,n-l-iry site. (Refer to Lot 5, Block 1)
This lot has thv overall wr,r!A set of percolation rates of the
division. 'Ile,. ver, only two of the peres were taken in the
topsoil, the othrars, t•dc, ref which were very ,;low, w"re at depth.
I recomrrrrud that a trtoun l ust.d on this site!. If peres
were rc-t-.ahc:n in the topxiil, il_ i:: liltr.•ly t.hr•y •,rind pasrz as
!id nc•trly all ,thr:rn •lr,n•: in t.!innr!r.
061.5 Ringer Subdivision
Faye 6
Lot 6, Block 2
Peres PA61 thru PA66. Borings BA61 thru BA63. Slopes are nearly
level. Mottling occurred below 1.5', with actual water
encountered below 5.7'. (Note that soil appears saturated
below 2.5') Perc rates were acceptable, although t of 6 taken
at depth very very slow. Both primary and secondary sites should
use mound systems.
Lot 1, Block 3
Peres PC11 thru PC19. Boring SC11 and BC12. This lot contains
an existing house, garage and barn. The existing septic system
is unknown and was not located during my routine inspection in
July 1981, although no evidence of failure was noted. A future
drainfield site has been tested to the south of the house. Average
percolation rate is 21 minutes per incI►; soil borings indicate
soils suited for a shallow trench or round system, with mottling
beginning at a depth of 5'. This is the highest elevated point
in the entire subdivision and appears to be the only lot possibly
suited for a shallow trench system. An attempt should be made
to locate the existing system to ensure it is within the lot
boundaries, although there is only a remotr, possibility that it
isn't.
Lot 2, Block 3
Peres PC21 thru PC24. Coring:, DC21 and BC22. 1iii, lot contains
an existing hou:;c and cr.:all shed. The r,ai sting septic system is
unknown a-.d was not located during my i.nspec•Lion last July. No
evidence of systeut failure is noted. While the c;sistin�j system
undoubtedly consists of trcnches, soils data provided fo: a future
drainfield site indicatcs mottling ai. a 3.5' depth. This indicates
that the replacer,►,:ni . : yu%.c:n, should it ever he ncccssary, would
probably have to b_ a mound. Percolation rate; averaged 56 mpi.
It would al';o be advisable to locate the c::isting system to ensure
it is within '.hc now lot buundaric:;.
B. Discussion of Eound
Since the proposed Itincjcr subdivision appears to need mound systems
throughout, it mic-lit he worthwhile to revicu the conditions which
favor use of mrnu►d :;y:.te;,is ovor conventional trench :;y:;tcns.
As you are aware, a bi!wat Lorur; at the ruck -:;oil interface in a
standard trench systew. Thi;; biomat acts as a "valve" to slow
the downward harculation of l;cptic tank effluent to a r, to where
the flow is unsaturated, i.e. air in the soil pores is in contact
with the herculatiruj cfflucnC. Under thc;;c cs;:;cntial conditions,
ad(--rluate scwarje treatment will uccu! . llowcver, i►► many soils,
either a seasonal saturated condition or c::tremcly fine, impermeable
sail texture (or bc)t_h) tends to eliminutc the air/effluent. contact
and alsu :;cvcrcly limit!; the !;oils cal;,city to abr;orb lar�le amounts
of effluent. 1'o en:;ure that a sl.ai,rlard trench sy`',t-in is not
0615 Ringer Subdivision
Page 7
installed in these limiting soils, a set of governing criteria
have evolved over the last 50 years. Specifically, trench systems
are not allowed: 1) where the percolation rate is slower than 60
minutes per inch of water level drop in a percolation test hole;
and 2) where the highest known water table or indicated saturated
soil layer is less than 3' below the bottom of the trench.
In most cases, these same soils have a varying amount of topsoil
which is usually "loamier" and will accept and treat a limited
amount of effluent.
The pressure -mound system is designed specifically to use this
loamy topsoil layer for effluent treatment anal disposal. In
brief, a 12-24" layer of sand (placed over the natural roughene3
topsoil) is fed effluent from a pressure distribution system in
an overlying rock bed. The biomat "valve" forms at the rock/
sand interface which is 12-24" above the natural soil. Because
of the pressure distribution, an unsaturated air/effluent contact
is maintained as treatment occurs in the sand bed. This treated
effluent is then dispersed into the topsoil and allowed to move
laterally through the topsoil,possibly even past the boundaries
of the mound system (yet still below the surface) until it
eventually seeps, downward or evaporate:; over a wide area.
It would be poor planning for Orono to allow installation of
standard trench drainfields in ::oils which have high-water table
characteristics, since many systems likely would eventually fail,
as was the case in 1•iedina-'.orninrjside. Since Orono has shown
a strict desire to limit- the c�:t-ension of sanitary sewers, it
appears reasonable to allow (and, in fact, prornote) the use of
alternate on -sit,- sewage I:reatmcnt methods whore devclopncnt
pressures persisc. ldound have b;:en installed over the
la:;t 1.0 to IS year:;around the country as an alternative to
trenches. In Orono, prc:;:;ure distribution mounds were first
installed in 1970. To date, the City'has 13 pr,--usure mounds
in service, with no recorded failures.
In fay opinion, under shecificd :.ite conditions, mound sy::tems
are a safe, sanitary, reliable method of sewage treatment.
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