HomeMy WebLinkAbout1990-08-21 Septic System Design ReportS-P TESTING, INC.
951 KATYDID LANE
ST.MICHAEU MN 55376
497-3566
Steven B. Schirmers
August 21r 1990
Dave JellIson
Lot 1, Block 1
Painters Woods
OronOf Henn. Co.# MN
This system is Designed for a Type 1, five bedroom home and in accordance
with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Chapter 7080 and local
ordinances.
The soils on this site are typical of SCS soils mapped - KkB - kilkenny
loam. A seasonally high water table was located at 18", 20", 22" 6
30", (mottled soil). Due to the seasonally high water table, a
Pressurized Mound System will need to be installed. The bottom of
the rock bed must be located at least 3' above the seasonally high
water table.
The soils at a depth of 12" have a percolation rate averaging 13.7
min/inch and are adequate for treating septic effluent.
A pumping chamber will need to be installed to lift the effluent to the
treatment area.
The manifold and supply line pipe must have back drainage to the pumping
chamber. The distribution pipes shall have their ends capped. Be sure
the rock and sand fill material are clean. The sod layer below the
entire mounded area must be turned over, just break up the sod, be sure
not to over work.
The power supply and switches must be located outside the manhole and
pumping chamber in a weather proof enclosure. A warning device must be
installed with a light and sound device, this is in case of a pump failure
(Mercury floats are a good method)•
All neighboring wells are located more than 100* away from the proposed
treatment area.
CONT'D
Soil and Percolation TeatB
Septic Syatem Deaign
Loti,BlklrPainters Woods
Keep all heavy equipment off of the proposed treatment area before and
after construction as much as possible* The treatment area should be
marked off before construction.
With proper installation and maintenance, this system should have no
problem in treating septic effluent effectively.
Recommend to pump the septic tank every year if there is only 1 tank
& every 2 years if there are 2 tanks*
Steven B. Schirmers
SBS/ds
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MOUND DESIGN WORKSHEET
(For Flows up to 1200 gpd)I
A. FLOW
Estimated n ^ gpd (see pages D-7 or 1-3,4,5)
or measured______gpd.fa
B. SEPTIC TANK UQUID VOLUMES
A-/OSO gallons (see pages C-3 or C-5)
C SOILS (refer to site evaluation)
1. Depth toxestricting layer ■ i^'^o inches
2. Depth of percolation tests ■ > ^ ** inches
3. Percolation rate is.o mpi
4. Land slooe
!»■ 1 1 1
BUMB
a m_a .
MB IBB BBB
MB fIB 0
BBB ill m
MB •BB BM
MB V
IBBB 'BBB BM .ftIHBBIBBBB
wme TMR OMBcmi^ m wuan
=r ub Tslm
BBBIBM tSB
fSBS IBBB
••• IBBB BBBB
BBMB • mbb BBBB
D. ROCK LAYER DIMENSIONS
1. Multiply flow rate by 0.83 to obtain required area of rock
layer A x 0.83 «
^.5^) gpdX0.83sq.ft./gpd«sq.ft^
2. Select width of rock layer (10 feet or less)« lo ft.
3. Length of rock layer « area ••• width
/..vM sq.ft.ft.» ft.Rock Bed
E. ROCK VOLUME
1. Multiply rock area by rock depth to get cubic feet of rock;
sq. ft. X Aoa ft« o/ ^cu. ft
Divide cu. ft by 27 cu. ft./cu. yd. to get cubic yards;
OWcu.ft. cu. yd.
Multiply cubic yards by 1.4 to get weight of rock in tons;
^0 cu. yd. X 1.4 ton/cu. yd.« 3o toiw.
Loigth
^th SlOft
2.
3.
F. ADSORPTION WIDTH
1. Percolation rate in top 12 inches of soil is mpi
2. Select allowable soil loading rate ftom table on page E-16;
gpd/ft2
E-16
3. Calculate adsorption width ratio by dividing rock layer
loading rate of 1.2o gpd/ft2 by allowable soil loading rate;
1.20gpd/ft2-*-_:OfLgpd/ft2*
Check this value on page E-16,
4. Multiply adsorption width ratio by rock layer width to get
requir^ adsorption width;
X /O ft« L<.^ ft 1.1lii!000 00m
e.i« •
• • IS
IS •m
SI b SS •s •##
SI
It ^ VRam %msjft ses 9.m
OM &9t 9jm
SM ftJS SlSS
vmISts
BBS
i
G. DOWNSLOPE DIKE WIDTH
. If landslope is 3% or more, subtract rock layer width from
adsorption width to obta^ minimum downslope dike toe
____ft-____ft«______ft
L Calculate mound height at edge of rock layer on downslope
side;
a. Determine depth of dean sand fill at upslope edge of rode
layer. SqforatUm feet
b. Multiply rode layer width by landslope to eietermine drop
in elevation; Slope Diffnenee
/Q X ^ %-»100« -s ftMg.,C^^o
c Add depth of dean sand depth of dean sand for
separation at downslope edge to depth of rode layer to
depth of soil backfill to get motmd height at downslope
edgeoftoek^tayeR •- a.o’
aL .o ft* 1.0 ft* ft» ft« M ft Me.
d. Enter table on page E-18 ^th lancislope ^(x^^lope
dike ratio. Sel^ dike multiplier of 5.o s^’o^.
e. Multiply dike multiplier by downslope mound height
to get downslope dike width: H x ^ ■ ae ft Mg.. m L
g. Compare the values of step G.1 and Step G2J. Select the
greater of die two values as the downslope dike width;
feetH^, lu's^
h. Calculate upslope dike width using upslope mound
height and upslope dike multiplier from page E-18;
x s.-!r,m ,0 ftMuJ
i. Total mound width is the sum of upslope dike width plus
rock layer width plus downslope dike width;
10 ft-t /O ft+ JiO ft« MO ft
3. If landslope is 2.9 percent or less, basal width includes both the
upslope and downslope dike widths.
a. Calculate downslope dike width using steps G.2.a.
througjh G.2i; / L feet
b. Calculate upslope dike width using upslope mound
height and dike multiplier from Page E-18;
ft«,!_3_ft
c Add downslope dike width to upslope dike width to rock
layer width
13 ft^- /o_ft» yu ft« 3^ ft
E-18
M M
uowngiopa
M 4A 7a M 40
upolopo
M 40 70 •0
0 M M M 10 70 M 40 10 40 70 10
1 im M7 Ml Mi 7A 201 lA 471 SA 434 731
1 SJf Ml Ml lA IJ4 201 170 434 SA M4 IJO
I MO M4 Ml 7A Ml 275 ~Ml MS SA 17f 4A
4 l.tt iJ$Mi 7A %n 234 lA M7 401 lA 401
1 . Ml .. MO .liV M7 1077 Ml lA 400 4A Mf S71
"4 %M Ml ■ ■ 7.14 Mi 1207 234 Ml lA 431 4.0 141
7 MO Ml 7m 1034 1171 23i 1.U 170 4A 470 Ml
•S.H Mi Ml 1134 iin 232 lA %5f 4A 431 4A
f Ml Mi fill not ii.fl 231 2M UA lA 4A 4A
10 iJ9 4£T 100 IMO 2133 231 2A lA 175 432 444
11 4M 7J«1U1 174S 3041 2JI 271 lA 141 l.»4A
11 4A4 im 114}4171 171 270 1.12 14t )A 4A 1
PWFSfiURE DtSTRIBTJTTON SYSTEM
1. Select number of perforated laterals _j§__
2. Select perforation spacing * 3 ft.
3. Since perforations should not be placed closer than 1 ft. to
Ae edge of the rock layer (see p. E-14), subtract 2 ft. from the
rock layer length.
ItocktafwtaBfdi" ^
4. Determine the number of spaces between p^orations.
Divide the length above by perforation spacing and round
down to nearest whole number.
E-17a
Length perf. spacing - ou ft. ♦ ft.«Qiii. spaces
5. Number of perforations is equal to one plus the number of
perforation spaces.
spaces 1 , perforations/lateral
6. Multiply perforations per lateral by number of laterals to
get total number of perforations.
TABLEOR atigndischa
HMd Perforadon dlaoittar OndMi)
1.0i
7/W 1/4
0.74
13 039 0.90
2.0b 030 IM
23 039 1.17
3.0 0.9B 138
4.0 1.13 1.47
___Lfi
aUM IjO loot of hcid for Midcnllal lyMctM.
bUM2i) fMt of hMd for odw flMablWiawftti
E-17b
laMnIt pmMlttmwk perforations.
7. Determine required flow rate by multiplying
number of perforations by flow p6r perforation
(see page E -17)
pafi ^ poi/paf
...apriiB
9mt' *132indi 13ineli 2J0inch
23 14 18 28
3.0 13 17 26
33 12 16 25
4.0 11 15 23
S.0 10 14 22
8. If laterals are connected to header pipe as shown on page E-
15, select minimum required lateral diameter from table on
page E-17; enter table with perforation spacing and number
of perforations per lateral. Select minimum diameter for
perforated lateral -____inches.
9. If perforated lateral system is attached to manifold pipe near
the center, as on page E-12, perforated lateral length and
number of perforations per lateral will be approximately one
half of that in step 8. Using these values, select minimum
diameter for perforated lateral from page E-17 as .
inches.
E-12
PUMP ggLgCTTOV PffnrmTTtit?
A. Dctoinint pvmp eipadip:
1. Miniiniimsugsenidis600gdIonspcrhoiira0gpin)tO9tiyihadof
waitruMFite.
1 MaxiiiiumsuggMdfordcttPeytotdivpboxofahomesystemisZTOO
gallons per hour (45 gpm) to prmm badld-up of pressnre in drop box.
3. Ustvalut from desig n of pmwifi dfatribudonsystniu
SELECTED PUMP CAPAQTY gpM npsLuiftli
B. Otteanine headxiqaiiiBwntat
1. Bevadondiffmice between pomp and point of discharge.
MmofDisd:
~ T *=»'
If pumping to a pnanre dlstribuiioii sjfstenv add fl^e feet for pressure
required at mantff^d
^ f—t
Friction lore
Elevreoa Oifferenei
1 M-
MSb
a. Enter Medon lore table with g^ and pipe diameter.
Read Medon lore in feet per 100 feet from page F-18.
fL/lOOftafpipe
b. Determine total pipe length from pomp to discharge
point Add 25 percent to pipe len^ for fitting
loss* or use a fitting lore chart Eqoivaientpipe
length -1.25 times pipe length ■
./SO «L2&» \n^ fact
c Cilcniate total friedon lore bp muldplying
friedon lore in ft/100 ft by equivalent pipe length.
Totalftiedonlore■ ms" « ♦ton■__<r
Total head required is the sum of devadon difference,
special head requirements, and total friction loss.
L3 fere 2.0fere 3i)fere
iMSVlOBnirvIpa
10 0.69 0.20-
12 0.96 0.28
•14 1.28 0J8
16 1.63 0.48
18 2.03 0.60
20 L47 0.73 0.11
23 3.73 1.11 0.16
30 3J3 IJ3 0.23
33 7.90 L06 OJO
_40 U.07 164 0J9
43 14.73 3.28 0.48
50 3.99 0J8
33 4.76 0.70
60 .5.60 0J2
1
(D (2) (3d
TOTALHEAD feet
C Pump selection
1. A pump must be selected to deliver at leret .12. spm 6tep A) with at least
.2^ feet of total here! (Step B).
D-7
D. Total Pumpout Volume
1. To maxinuze pump life select sump size for 4 to 5 pump operadons per day.
^pd^4m ) ^ gailonapef diM»
2. Olculate drainbadc
1. Determine total pipe length. feet
2. Determine liquid volume of pipe. J^gdlons per 100 feet (seepageP-lf
3. Multiply len^ by volume: Dninback quandty «
MO feetx / fallona/100ft■ «2^fialtons*
* Suggested drainbKk quantity is 10 pwcwit of pumped quantity. A largv drainbadc
pareentage will daaeaaa pump station cfBoancy sli^y but pumping anargy com are
usuallyardativclysinailpaRofthetotaJ housahold cnatgy costs.
esnMsisB SCWMC fUMM m miiumm an
IMiWPI or aaiecNcc 4 ~
t a B
s 300 as 100 •ox
3 «ao 300 tto ■*«•00 jn ISO •nn
9•T90
MO
aoo
9SS
toa
SSS
net.
1060 -900 370•ISOO «T9 «oo
3. Total pump out ^lume equals dose volume > dninback
I ^^ gallons per dose gallons ■ ^ i Total C^ons
F-18s1
no9 dlsmeur (inchasi GaUomearlOOreH
1 4A9
7.77
IJ 10.58
2 17.43
2J 24.87
3 38.4
4 66.1-
I
:eRTIF:CATION # 0U627 Logs or doii Borings
ideation or Project Dave Jellison. Lotl>Blk»l>Palnters Woods# Orono_ _ _
Borings made by S-P Testing, Inc. Steve Schirmers_ _ _ Date 8-20-90_ _ _
Classifiction System: AASHO_ _; USDA-SCS X ? Unified_ _ _; Other
Auger used (check two) : Hand X » or Power_ _, Flight_ _, or Bucket_ _^
Depthr Boring number 3 Depth,Boring number 4
in
feet Surface elevation 96.0
in
feet Surface elevation 95.0
n —0 -
Topsoil dark brown
loam
u •
Topsoil dark brown
0 - 10"0-1*1 .Brown clay loam1 “Dark gray brown loam X
1* - 1*8"10" - 1*10"2II.IO"-mottlingi.g. - 2-2 -Brown sandy loam
1*10" - 2*4"
Rusty olive brown
clay loam
2* - 4*2"
G 2 •4- - 2-8"
3 -
4 -
3 -
4 -
Rusty gray brown
loamy sand
Rusty olive brown
loam
2*8" - 4*10"
5 -5 -Rusty gray brown sandy
loam w/2" layer of loam
4*2" - 6*4*10" - 6’6 -0 —
7 -7 -•
8 -8 -
•
6'feet.End of boring at _
Standing water table:
present at_ _ _ _ feet of depths
hours after boring.
Not present in hole_ _ _X_ _ _ _•
6*feet.End of boring at_
Standing water table:
present at_ _ _ _ _ feet of depth»
_ _ _ _ _ _ hours after boring.
Not present in hole_ _ _ _X_ _ _ _
Mottled soil;
Observed at_LLi^feet of depth.
Not present in hole.
Comments:
Mottled soil:
Observed at 2~1/2'feet of depth.
Not present in hole_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•
Comments:
CERTIFICATION # 00627 Logs of Soil Borings
Location or Project Dave Jellison. Loti.Blk,l,Painters Wood3» Orono
Borings made by S»P Testing, Inc. Steve Schirmers_ _ _ Date 8-2-90
Classifiction System; AASHO_ _; USDA-SCS X ; Unified_ _ _; Other_
Auger used (check two); Hand X , or Power_ _ _ , Flight , or Bucket
Depth,Boring number 1 Depth,Boring number 2
in
feet Surface elevation 93.0
in
feet Surface elevation 95.0
ft ..ft ..Topsoil dark brown loam
0-6"
u —
Topsoil dark brown loam
Brown clay loam 0 - 10"
1 -1 -Brown clay loam
6" - 1-1/2'-MOTTLING 10" - 1-1/2'-MOTTLING
2 -
Rusty olive brown clay
1-1/2' - 2'2"2 -Rusty olive brown
clay loam strong
•3 -Rusty olive brown 3 -1-1/2' - 3'2"
loam
4 -
2'2" - 4-1/2'
4 -Rusty olive brown
loam
5 -
Rusty olive brown
sandy loam 5 -
4-1/2' - 5-1/2'
6 -
Rusty olive gray loam
5-1/2' - 6'6 •3'2" - 6'
7 -7 -•
8 -8 -
\
•
End of boring at feet.End of boring at.6*feet.
Standing water table:
present at_ _ _ _ _ feet of depth.
Standing water table:
present at_ _ _ _ _ feet of depth.
_ _ _ _ _ _ hours after boring.
Not present in hole X_ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ hours after boring
Not present in hole_ _ _*_ _ _
Mottled soil:
Observed at_of depth.
Not present in hole__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Comments:
Mottled soil:
Observed at 1-1/2'
' i
feet of depth.
Not present in hole.
Comments;
CERTIFICATION # 00627 Locs of Soil 3ori!;as
Location or Project t.om . ri ^ . i. Painters Woods.Orono
Do rings made by S-P Testing, Inc. Steve Schirmers_ _ _ Date 8-20-90
Classifictlon System: AASHO__; USDA-SCSJC_; Unified_ _ _; Other_
Auger used (check two): HandJC_, or Power_ _, Flight_ _or Bucket
Depth#Borina number 5 Depth#Borina number 6
in
feet Surface elevation
in
feet 94 9Surface elevation
Ap -
Topsoil dark brown
0 - 10"
0 —
Topsoil dark brown
0 -10-
1 -Brown clay loam
10" - 1-1/2'-MOTTLING
1 -Brown clay loam
10" - l*8"-MOTTLING
2 -Rusty olive brown
clay loam
1-1/2* - 3*
•2 -Rusty olive brown
1'8" - 2’4"
3 -
*
Rusty 3. . 3.4.
i‘-Rusty olive brown
loam
4 -
Rusty olive brown
loam
5 -•5 -
6 - '
7 -
3*4" - 6* .g -2*4" - 6*
•
W
7 -
8 -
•
8 -
•
End of boring at 6* feet.
Standing water table:
present at feet of depth#
______ hours after boring.
Not present in hole X_ _ _ _.
End of boring at_ _ _6_|_ _ _ feet.
Standing water table:
present at_ _ _ _ _ feet of depth#
_ _ _ _ _ _ hours after boring.
Not present in hole X «
Mottled soil:
Observed feet of depth.
Not present in hole • :_ _ _ _ _.
Comments:
Mottled soil:
Observed at 1'8"feet of depth.
Not present in hole_
Comments:
CERT.#00627
PERCOLATION TEST DATA SHEET
Percolation test readings made by----S-P. Testing^—InCj-------on —§^£ip£0_staiting at—Ll _ p.m.
Test hole location number.
Depth of hole bottom_lii —inches. Diameter of hole,.,,. ^-------inches
, Date hole was prepared.8-20-90
Soil data from test hole;
Depth, inches
0-6"
Soil texture
Topsoil dark brown loam
6" - 12 Brown clay loam
Method of scratching sidewall Knife
Depth of gravel in bottom of holeL Jnches
Date and hour of initial water filling ^ ^pdi^ofmuial water filling.Jnches above hole bottom
Method used to mainuin at least 12 inches of water depth in hole for at least 4 hours.Automatic siphon
, Maximum water depth above hole bottom during test Jnches
Time
Time
interval,
minutes
Measurement,
inches
Drop in water
level, inches
Percolation
rate.
minutes per
inch
Remarks
8:20 prefill
8:30 9:00 4-1/4 7.1 30 min
9:11 9:41 3-15/16 7.
9:42 10:12 3-13/16 7.9
Percolation rate 7.5 jninutes per inch.
CERT.#00627
PERCOLATION TEST DATA SHEET
Percolation test readings made by ___S-P Testing. Inc. nn8-21«-90 starting at 8 ; 31
T«holePainters Woodg„,.___2_
Depth of hole bottom ___12 _____inches,.Oiameter of hole _____§_inches
.. Date hole was prepared.8-20-90
Soil dau from test hole:
Depth, inches
0 - 10"
Soil texture
Topsoil dark brown loam
10" - 12 Brown clay loam
Method of scratching sidewall Knife
Depth of gravel in bottom of hole Jnches
8-20-90 10;30am 12
Date and hour of initial water filling___________ Depth of initial water filling__________inches above hole bottom
Method used to maintain at least 12 inches of water depth in hole for at least 4 hours.Automatic siphon
Maximum water depth above hole bottom during tesL Jnches
Time
Water rema .ning in tert hole
8:31
9:10
9:43
Time
interval,
minutes
9:01
9:40
10:13
Measurement,
inches
Drop in water
level, inches
1-1/4
Percolation
rate,
minutes per
inch
24.0
Remarks
30 mih
Percolation rale »__—.1.9-----minutes per inch.
CERT.#00627
PERCOLATION TEST DATA SHEET
S-P Testing, Inc.Percolation test readings made by.
Test hole in..tinn Lotl, bllc. 1, Palntcrs Woo<Mt,u number.
12 . . ... 6
nn 8~21"90 starting;
rtei
8:32
Date hole was prepare(L_§z22z22.
Depth of hole bottom—
Soil data from test hole:
Depth, inches
O - 12"
inches. Diameter of hole inches
Soil texture
Topsoil dark brown loam
Method of scratching sidewall-----
Depth of gravel in bottom of hole inches
8-20-90 10:30am 12
Date and hour of initial water filling___________ Depth of initial water filling----------------inches above hole bottom
Method used to maintain at least 12 inches of water depth in hole for at least 4 hours—Automatic sjpho.ii------
Maximum water depth above hole bottom during tesL inches
Time
Time
interval,
minutes
Measurement,
inches
Drop in water
level, inches
Percolation
rate,
minutes per
inch
Remarks
8:20 prefill
8:32
9:09
9:02
9:39
3-i:i.‘:6
3-11/16
7.6
8.1
30 mih
9:44 10:14 3-5/8 8.3
Percolation rale 8.0 minutes per inch.
CERT.#00627
PERCOLATION TEST DATA SHEET
Pcrculuiiun test readings made by----S-P., Testlnq./—Inc,:-------on ——starting at—LlU._ jniTr
T«hole ^>Painters Woo .^„„Date hole was prepared8-20-90
Depth of hole bonom.Jnches, Diameter of hole.Jnches
Soil data from test hole:
Depth, inches
0 - 10"
10" - 12^
Soil texture
Topsoil dark brown loam
Brown clay loam
Method of scratching sidewall-----
Depih of gravel in bottom of holeDepth of gravel in bottom of hole ---------------inches
Date and hour of initial water filling.^_^ ^ 3lScp^ of initial water filling inches above hole bottom
Method used to maintain at least 12 inches of water depth in hole for at least 4 hours —Automatic siphon ^
6
_______________________________________ Maximum water depth above hole bottom during test--------Jnches
Time
• Water rema
Time
interval,
minutes
8s33
ning in tesit hole
9:03
Measurement,
inches
Drop in water
level, inches
1-5/8
Percolation
rate,
minutes per
inch
18.5
Remarks
30 min
9:08 9:38 1-9/16 19.2
9:45 10:15 1-9/16 19.2
Percolation rate »----LLl2----minutes per inch.
CERT.#00627
PERCOLATION TEST DATA SHEET
Percolation test reau.. gs made by-----S -P _Test j.—InCj------on——starting at —
Test hole i—Loti >Blk.lr Painters Wooc^,^ number------1-------- Date hole was prepared—?Zi2Zi2.
Depth of hole bottom——12—inches, Diameter of hole____§-------inches
Soil data from test hole:
Depth, inches
0 - 10"
Soil texture
Topsoil dark brown loam I
10" - 12 Brown clay loam
Method of scratching sidewall Knife
Depth of gravel in bottom of hole.Jnches
8-20-90 10;30am
Date and hour of initial water filling ------ Depth of initial water filling.. ;nches above hole bottom
Method used to maintain at least 12 inches of water depth in hole for at least 4 hours.Automatic siphon
Maximum water depth above hole bottom during tesL Jnches
Time
Time
interval.
minutes
Measurement,
inches
Drop in water
level, inches
Percolation
rate.
minutes per
inch
P.emarks
8:20 prefill 6
8:34 9:04 n 5-1/2 5.5 30 min
9:07 9:37 n 5-5/16 5.7 It If
9:46 10:16 n 5 6.0 n n
Percolation rate 5.7 jninutes per inch.
CERT.#00627
PERCOLATION TEST DATA SHEET
Percolation test readings made hy S-P Testing, IMc. nn_ 8-21-90 starting at 8 ; 3 5
Tes.hole.o.«inn Lotl,Blk.l,Painters Woo,^„,.6 ^8-20-90
Depth of hole bottom.
Soil data from test hole;
Depth, inches
0 - 10"
10" - X2
Jnches, Diameter of hole.Jnches
Soil texture
Topsoil dark brown loam
Brown clay loam
Method of scratching sidewalL
Depth of gravel in bottom of hole.
Knife
Jnches
Date and hour of initial water filling.ipth oPmiMal water filling.Jnches above hole bottom
Method used to maintain at least 12 inches of water depth in hole for at least 4 hnura Automatic siphon
Maximum water depth above hole bottom during tesL Jnches
Time
Time
interval,
minutes
Measurement.
inches
Drop in water
level, inches
Percolation
rate,
minutes per
inch
Remarks
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Q«n*;a 1 -1 1 /1 <;1 7 - n
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7 n fifi n
t. n A Q-'m ft n If If n
A7 1 n -1 7 n If n *ff ft
Percolation rate 17.8 jninutes per inch.
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