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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1989-09-13 Septic System Soil Test ReportS_P TESTING, INC. 951 KATYDID LANE ST. MICHAEL, MN 55376 497.3566 Steven 3. Sphirmers September 13, i?*W, Duerr Construction 4565 Bayside Rd. Orono, Henn. Co., ,MN This system is Designed for a Type 1, three bedroom home and in accordance with the yinnesota Pollution Control Agency Chapter 7080 and local ordinances. The soils on this site arm typical of SCS soils mapper' - KkB - Kilkenny loam. A seasonally high water table was located at 16", 22", 240, 280, & 36", (mottled soil). due to the seasonally high water table, a pressurized mound system will need to be installed. The bottom of the rock bed must be located at least 3' above the seasonally high water =able. The soils at a depth of 18" have a peri dation rate averaging 11.2 Tin/inch and are adequate For treating .';►tic effluent. The existing_ tanks are old & will need to be abandoned, pump s fill with soil. A Dumping chamber will need to be installed to lift the effluent to the treatment area. The manifold and supply line pipe must have back drainage to the pimping chamber. The distribution pipes shall have their ends capped. Be sure the rock and sand fill material are clean. The sod layer below the entire mounded area must be turned ver, just break up the sod, be sure not to over work. The power supply and swit^!yes must be located outside the manhole and pumping chamber in a weather proof enclosure. A warning device must be installed with a light and sound device, this is in case of a pump failure. (Mercury floats are a good method). All reich5orinq well are located more than 100' away from the proposed treatment area. Keep all heavy equipment off of the proposed treatment area before and after construction as match as possible. The treatment area should be marked off before construction. 'D Soil and Percolation Tests Cont Septic System Design With groper installation and maintenance, �'1is s Problem is treating septic effluent e_:ectthis system should have no ivelReco-Inend to OU.ro the septic tank every year if there is only 1 tank & every yea:, i_< there are 2 tanks. SBS,'dr 0 J�i_ =ever. °. Sch:rmers �r W C% 2 Al E L� C j � C � O O O Z JV I a 'N c• # o � } r� N �J L J �— w W F F o - �� V `1 u o W C% 2 Al E L� C U � C � O O O Z JV I a 'N c• # o � 4 r� N V L u V d W F F o - �� V `1 u o 111 i` W C% 2 Al -r r a1 P ; n: x t O O O Z JV I 'N * ti 4 w I N 1 W C% 2 Al -r r a1 P ; n: •yo t O O O I ti o. u V L u V d W F F o - �� V '.f1 UJ o 111 'LtJ o� S: V V1 f] UJW U: o U N S chi _ at C u � F- u r W L co M z:L = Jlrl. W u �r V � VC 4� .91 M Y o V Li W C% 2 Al -r r a1 P ; n: •yo t O O O I ti o. u V L u V d F F o - �� V 1-I o 111 'LtJ o� S: V V1 f] o U N S chi _ at C u � F- u W r N Vl W C% 2 Al •yo t I V �� 1-I o 111 o� o `•' S chi _ 0 N C - ti 'c - P Ar M al l% .Orr c rl all VA IL ._ � ..,_.... ...- �. ._-_._ •-�,tSF _. ._.-- ---- .. .._. �—�.---.�—._.e HOZ t i7 1 •p C v ,w ' h . s 4%0 0 AJ • v ;t p Q v ..577 •] y .� cc .+ .� a ot jr cl r y b cr aai7 L CIU fax z u 0 N C - ti 'c - P Ar M al l% .Orr c rl all VA IL ._ � ..,_.... ...- �. ._-_._ •-�,tSF _. ._.-- ---- .. .._. �—�.---.�—._.e HOZ t i7 1 L-13 CER."P_C:.'=-^:; . "x ,27 Loos of Soil Borings :.oca•ion or Prc:ec- ^uerr '"oust., 4565 Bayside Rd., Orono Bcrinas made by c -D "'As I^c :-Ic. Steve Sch'_rmers Date 9-4-89 Gass__`=ct_cn Sys tee : .SDA -SCS X Unified Other Auc_er used !check two!: Hand X or Power Flight or Bucket X Dept`:, Boring number Boring 2 <� in feet j S:rf:^e elevation 93'1 feet Surface elevation 93.1 6 - 7 - e — -ousoil dark brown in" 'loam Dark gray loam 1'411-MOTTL: G c„ _ . 0 Q10 Dark gray clay lua7 s=ron 1'e" - 2'4" Rusty gray brown clay 2'4" - loam Fusty olive brown loam 1 3'29' - 6' End of boring at Al fee=. Standing water tdb:e: present at fee: of depth, ho•_,rs •after boring. a— Not present in hose Y mottled soil. Observed at 1'4" feet of depth. Not present in hole Comments: 0 Topsoil dark brown loam 0 - 8" 2 - 4 - 5 - �e— Dark gray loam l'q'-MOTaIiINGj_jjj, olive gray brown clay loam 1-1/2' - 2-1/2' Rusty olive gray brown clay loam 2-1/2' - 3-1/2' Rusty olive brown loam 3-1/2' - 5' Rusty olive gray silty 5' - 518" loam Rusty 518" - 61olivgo$gown End of boring at 6' feet. Standing water table: present at feet of depth, hours after boring. X Not present in hole • Mottled soil: Observe: at1'4" feet of depth. Not present in hole • Comments: L-13 . CERTIFIV-T'-ON J OC627 Loas of Se'_: gorinas ,ocation or ?ro-iect Duerr Construction, 4565 Bayside Rd., Orono Borings made byest-n7=^c• Steve Schirmers Date ther 89 �s•fic__cr. ��'-t^ :�;,== '-IS2A-SCS x Cn:_ied Other Auger used t^­ec:t two): HandX or p ower Fli 9ht , or Bucket X Depth, Boring number 5 Depth, Boring number 6 in feet surface elevation 97.4 feet Surface elevation 98.2 - Topsoil dark gray loam I Gray brown clay loam 21 -MOTTLING i Rusty o_ive brown clay loam 3 - 2t - 3'4" Rusty olive brown si:ty loam 5 - 6 - Z Rusty olive brown I oam 4'2" _ C End of boring at 61 feet. Standing water table: present at feet of dept':, hours after boring. Not present in hole x Mottled so__: Observed at 20 feet ` depth- Not pt~- Not present in ho:.e Comments: Too_soil dark gray brown loam 0 - 1'2" Gray 1'2" - 1-1/2' brown loam ' _Bro fogd�aX_1/2' - 2' -MOTTLING Rusty olive brown 3 _ clay loam 4 - j I 2' - 4-1/2' Rusty olive brown 5 loam 6 - 4-1/2' - 6' 8 - End of boring at 6' feet. Standing water table: present at feet of depth, hours after boring. Not present in hole, Mottled soil: Observed at 21 feet of depth. Not present in hole • Comments: L-13 CERTIFv-CAT_oN A 00627 Logs of Soil Bc .nos Location or Proiect Duerr Const., 4565 Bayside Rd., Orono Borings made by -a '"es` ncl _^c Steve Schirmers Date 9-5-89 C'assifict_on System: AAS.!'-'-- L'SDA-SCS X Unified Other Auger vse� (check two): Nand X or ?ower Flight , or Bucket X Depth, _n feet 0 - i Bor:nc nu!*, e_ 3 Surface elevation Depth, 95.0 feet Topsoil dark gray loam I 0 - '_0" Brown clay loam 10" - 2' -MOTTLING i Rusty olive brown clay loa^ 3 - i 21 - 304" Rusty olive brown 4 _ loan 3'4" - 4-1/2' Rusty olive brow:. s_-ty 4-1/2'_ - 5' load I R'.Isty o:^ve clay mown s_1• 5' - 5'8" loam stro.9 pus_}• o_i�eS,P„ _ 6' br4oam 1 End of boring at 61 feet. Standing water table: present at feet of depth, hours -after ber-nc. Not present in hose X Mottled sc::: observad at _<eet of dept'. Not present in hole Co^^e.^. _s : 2 - 3 - 4 - Boring number 4 Surface elevation 94.2 Topsoi dark gray brown loam 0 - 1' Dark gray loam 1' - 1-1/2' 1 "0"-yOTTLING Dark gray clay loam strong 1-1/2' - 2'8" Rusty gray strong clay 2'e" - 3-1/2' loam Rusty olive brown loam 3-1/2' - 4'8" s _ Rusty olive brown silty s 418" - 514" loam l Rusty olive brown loam 6 - 5 4" _ 6' 7 End of boring at 6' feet. Standing water table: present at feet of depth, hours after boring. Not present in hole X Mottled so__: Observed ate IO„ feet of depth. Not present in hole Com mer.ts : L-13 o` Sc— Borincs ' CERT--F:C r:ON ^^527 ,vets - �� Uc., d Rd. Orono Location or ?roiect on "'est'_nc =n=• Steve Schirmers Date 9-10-89 _ Borings mace by '__ Unified, Other ; C:assifiction Eyster: AAS..v._. USDA -SCS X Auger used !ghee{ two): Hand X or power__, Flight , or BucketX _ oeoth, n feet 0 - 1 - 2 3 - 5 - F - 7 - . Q - Boring .n*jnber S•--rface elevation 85.1 Topsoil dark brown loam 0 - it e" Town loam i,;k" _ 242" Brown clay loa-^ 212" - 31 -MOTTLING Rusty olive brown clay loam 3' - 4' E Rusty olive gray E clay loam strong Rusty olive Bray silty loam 5, End of boring a: _ 5' feet. Stand_nc .later table: present at feet of depth, hours -after boring - sot present in hole X Xot=led soil: Observed a•, 3 fee: of depth- Not ep •:got =resent -;n hole Com:nents : ►epth, Boring number 8 in 85.1 :eet Surface elevation 0 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - Topsoil dark brown loam 0 - 1' Brown 1, - 144" loam Brown clay loam 114" - 21 -MOTTLING Olive brown clay 2' - 218" loam Rusty olive brown clay loam 218" - 3'2" Rusty 312" _ 3,8" ollggmbrowc Rusty gray silty loam 318" - 418" Rusty gray brown loam strong 4'8" - 6' End of boring a#--__---61 feet. Standing water table: present at--- feet of depth, hours after boring. Not present in hole X mottled soil: Observed at _ 2_ ' feet of depth. Not present in hole Comments: L-13 CZR'::FZ=ATlCN i 0:527 Locs of Soil Borings Location or Protect Duerr Construction, 4565 Bayside Rd., Orono Borings made by S-? ':est:^c, .n S'eve Schirmers Date 9-10-89 Classif:ct:on Syste^i: AASH:. , CSDA-SCS X .unified ; Other Auger used !check two': dans'. X o: Power , Flight , or Bucket X Depth, Bering n,_,mber 9 Depth, Boring number in in _feet Surface elevation 85.1 feet Sur:vcR elevation Topsoil dark brown loam 0 - ''4" Brown clay loa- 2 1'4u - 2' 4 "-MCTTLINC 5live2' 4" - 2' • T" bro�'eaxl03Y 3 - Rusty olive brown clay log^+ 2110" - 3-1/2' 4 - Rusty olive brown loam 5 - End of bor :ne at 6' feet. Stand_ne water teb:e: present et feet of depth, !lours of ter boring. Not present in hole X Mctt:ed soil Observed- at 214" feet of depth. Not present _n hole ComTents: End of boring at feet. Standing water tab:e: present at feet of depth, hours after boring. Not present in hole :bottled soil: Observed at feet of depth. Not present in hole Comments: CERT-icnnC27 PERCOLATION 'rr-ST DATA SHEET .thina -P. In. • 6 -89 Pcrcul:+tien test r.a�ing• stat c b> 1 r an i� 9— 4565 Ba si-de Rd- '-722 ,!•io!cnumber Date holt was p cP Test holt !Ocatio 6 18nnc�s Depth of hole �o'.tu+lL —�—inches, rJiumt:er of Soil t!x.a from te.t hole: Soil texture Depth,inchcv 0 '^o?soil dark brown loam Dark gray loam Yn'`e 1tetl+ut' ursesatchir.g aiCewa!' � — 2 inche-. + Dep -L!, Of --rave,--rave, in bet.o^, r- 12 ho:c_.—�— h_�ir ►�_��u�n 0_4_89 10:30am de�:+chcsabuvc pt!+ of +nttial water +J,+tc ;,lid hour u� inat:,. v,;t:er f .!:ng.- putom tic s fl on , ti!Clhl.� � W=t! to nta!n's:n a: !Capt !2 tnCl:Cs 0f water dc!) --h in hose for at least � hours 6 \:;tXimum water depth above hole buttes+ During tcat---inches Pctcu!•rtion "imt { ' `'1rate, }tcm,uka eavtterrxnt, Atop in want i Time tact`•`• , ( keel, inches minutes per I minutes inches inch i 945 o-ef�_1 6 2 i 15.0 30 min 10:05 35 1-15/16 " 15.5 { 10:38 --� 1-13/16 16.6 11:09 :39 a�son rate � �— 15 7 minutes per inch. Percu' — - t v!:-RCO A!':O\ TEST DATA SHEET ^cnt:at:or.:c,trc _ ^,ma�c�p G–p '"es�_nc, �nC. 0-5-89 a•m: of starting a 10 .•06+ Tcs:hv:c!oca::t:^ 4565 Bayside Rd.,Orono2 9-4-89 Mule num5crDate hvlc was prep.uat of ho!e'e•:v-i 18 :.^ache,• J:ameter of Vp 6 inches Sri' datta From :cat hc'e7 �p h• '�c'c' Sol! texture Topsoil dark brown loam e" - =8" Dark gray loam Mohodofscrat.h:nf,!dewa" Knife 9:45 p:ef_.1 6 10:06 10:36 1-1/2 20.0 30 min 10:37 1.:^7 1-7/1620.9 : " 11:10 11:40 of — 1-5/16 22.9 w w 1 fe:rra:ion r.:e =�' 3 •••ir.u:c, pc::nr1. M 2 - Dcrth of grove! in :x+::om of ho!e Dix ani houruf ma:a: wirer �l:inp r------.—• 9-4-29 '0Garr. �i t:.n;tijl water fi..inE 12 , . inche, above hole buttum �lcthw� 1,et! :a rna,n a:n a::ca,::2 :nchc� u! wa:cr �Cp:.". in helc for at !taut :hour• Automatic siphon Maximum w,,tcr L!cpth .above hole bottom oaring test 6 inches v . Tart Perculauvn T me intraa.. �leasuremer.t, Drop in water r. •^, kernarks rotaries inches !eve!. inches minute, per inch 9:45 p:ef_.1 6 10:06 10:36 1-1/2 20.0 30 min 10:37 1.:^7 1-7/1620.9 : " 11:10 11:40 of — 1-5/16 22.9 w w 1 fe:rra:ion r.:e =�' 3 •••ir.u:c, pc::nr1. M . CURT.400627 _ p£:tCOLAT10N'TEST DATA SHEET Percvtalion tcti{readings made by S Te t i na . Inc .." 9— S — 8 9 ualting at 10:08 . am. . + 4565 Bayside Rd.,Oron9-4-89 Te%t hole localior dole number 3 s. Dat -)le was prepared 18 hes, Dianxter of hok 6 inches Depth of hole butts+rn....�--nc Soil data from :e.t ho:e: Depth, inches Sul! texture Topsoil dark gray loam 10" — 18" Brown clay loam MLIhod of scratching sidcw'a" Knife 2 • IX -nth of grave! in bot!um of ho'r ;nches 9-4-89 1,�: 'o=njtial water filing 1� inches above hole bottom Nate and hour of igitia! W;k'er f ::i�g. • — PN Automatic siphon ti'etllud used to maintain at lca%, 12 inches, of water dcp:h in hu.c for at leas: !roan r 6 . �laxirnum w. ger depth above hole bottom during test inches t , I � I j I pcmviation rate = 3.8 minutes per inch. •f.nse percolation Tj� lnteiva:. � `l e:uurement. i Drop in water rate. Remarks minJtes inchr• level. inches , nunuics per I inch ' 9:45 pre'_ill 6 I I 10:08 10:18 " 2-7/8 i 3.5 10 min 10:23 10:33 2-5/8 3.8 10:40 10:50 2-3/8 ( 4.2 « " t , I � I j I pcmviation rate = 3.8 minutes per inch. r— PEERC^LATION TEST DATA SHEET •m. :rover tI c—P Test - nc. inc. _oR 9-5-89 •tarttng at 10 : 0 7 p tn. Test ho:e !ocatio^ 4565 Say s i tr a 5d. . , OronCkv , number 4 . Dote bine was pn:parcti 9 - 4 - 8 9 Jath of he't tvnvm 18 ^.c`.. 'Diameter of holf, 6 +nehes Soil cats from tc,.t hv!r: 0 - 12" Topsoil dark gray brown !oar: 12" - 1e" -"ark gray loath Knife 2 Dr^t!t of grasc' :r. Sonom VIVO �:hr• 9-4—R9 Datc ant! hoar v1* . -n:-,-;:! %%xcr !'i::t'tc: inlaa! Natter �cl!i jncht) above hu:e buttuin 4!r:heti :c rnatn:ain a::ea,::2 :nc!tc> of s,atrr drp•h in !rule fur at teas, a hours Automatic siphon Maximum wa:cr depth above hole bottom dunnb test inches T:me Percolation ' Time intenva:. Measurement. Drup in water rate. }t.n►arAs mtnute> inches level. inches minutes per inch 9:45 prefill 6 10:07 10:17 to 2-9/16 10 min 10:24 10:34 of " to " 10:39 10:49 " I Pen•u:aden rc:e a 3.9 minutes per inch. 2 7 pc;- .CQ/.A—! ON TEST DATA SHEEET i:nc. 9-5-89 10:09 S -P Testn^, am o� a:uting aP. M. Yen t+ls:ion to>: rra�:r.Fs nusdc t* .,,,, Bayside Rd., Orono ,, 9-4-89 4565 Ba Tcsl hox !oc:ttior y o.r rum+xr 5 —. Date hose w prcp.+n�l lhpth of '-It buttu:n19— aches. D:: mc:cr of h'.+:c_ 6 inches Sui: data irurh tc.: hole: '4c+:!t. inr!trs So.! tc.uuic 0 - 12" Topsoil dark gray loam 12" _ 19" Gray brown clay loam f e whim! ui scratch:ng siicw; :' K.^. j - 2 !kptfi o� }tour: it !+�+ttom of ha;t——'•nchcc -4-89 10:30am _- Date and hour of initis'. water !i:: —. D=F-h of initis! water rillin _ .lnchca above ho:c Whom 1!e:hl+d used to r.:aurum at .car : = inc!xs u! water deat'e in ho!e for rt !esst d hours Automatic siphon 6 .. anirnurn water depth above hu:e bottutn during test... �nclns 4 Perrv;xion rate = ' 'n:antes per inch. me Percolation Time imxzva : Measurement. Drop in water rate. Kemtuks minut" inches lcvc!. inches F minutes per inch 4:45 pre`ill 6 2-5/8 3.8 10 min i n1�: 22 32 2-1/2 4.0 « 10:41 _0:51 2-3/8 4.2 « « 4 Perrv;xion rate = ' 'n:antes per inch. Pr- ^7LATTON TEST DATA SHEET • ti.m. Perco,ateor tr%t rva:^.rs m:�de br S -P '*es•' ng,, Inc. 9-5-89 "wens at 10-10 _ p.m. . Test !w!e Iuca:iu� 4565 Bayside Rd., Oronpo!e number., Date hole w;u pn}r1t 9-4-89 Depth of ho!e bo:tont- 18 ;nches, Diameter of hole. 6 j"ches Soil .:Ulu from w%l WC: Darh. 41chus 0 - 14" 14" - 18" Method of scratching sidewa!' Kn:. f e Soil texture Topsoil dark gray brown loam Gray brown loam lkpth of grave! in bottom of ho!- inches Dxtc and hour of initis: eater f itm— - 4 - 8 ° 1, tDC.P.0 3. n.tial water filli-% 12 inches above hole bottom `!ethud u.eC to maintsin : t le:t+t !_ inches of water der h in hole for at least 4 hours Automatic siphon Maximum water depth above hole bottom during tc%1 6 inches 10:42 10:52 3-5/� i 2.8 + So I I Percu anon rite = 2 ' 6 "+.nutes per inch. Time Perca'..uion Time interval, Measurement. Drop in water . tate. I Remarks minutes inches level. inches I minutes per ; inch 9:45 prefill 6 10:10 10:20 03-15/16 2.5 I 10 min 10:21 10:31 3-7/8 2.6 j " " 10:42 10:52 3-5/� i 2.8 + So I I Percu anon rite = 2 ' 6 "+.nutes per inch. YERCOLA" ION TEST DATA SnEET a.m. on t C—� TPst? n 1 nr _ 9-1 1 —Ra ,tartulb at 1 0:41 Pcrcu.ation test Icadm.5s made ' y' Q Test hole locution 4565 Bayside Rd. Orono, t.!t1,c number i , Datc ho'c wa1 preparc4' 9-10-89 Mpth of hole be"o+ri 18 inches. Diameter o: We fi �riches Soil data frum tev! We: Depth. ittchcv 0 - 18" Topsoil dark brown .oa!" .Method of scra:ch:ng vidtimal' Knife Der -h of brave: ir. 50:latn Of hOiC � – incus 9-10-89 LUatc and !tour of inits water Depth rf initial water fi!:tng—12 —inches ab.ric hint butiomt Me:!s+.vd used to rsta:Zt:tin a: ie:ts! : : inch, s of water dept: in hohour% Automatic siphonle for at ,east � -- It.:;wirnum wirer depth above hole buttons during test - inches T -me Time inertia:. minntrs Measurement. inches Percolation Drop in water rate. k.muts levo:. ln:hc, rsinutes per inch 10:30 pre"i=i 6 10:41 10:56 '1 4 3.8 15 min 11:00 11:15 =-7/8 3.9 go" 11:16 11:31 " :-1/4 4.0 11 M 1 Pers:o!alion rate = 3.9 mnrates der inch. �A StIE�T ()\TES,' ��•. s.tri. g I 89 a , INC °nom-'"' c��� S Tes ,,,,n " Jote bole ws% 4tcpa de Sy pZono 1401e nurmber�• petctiation'4st Kr�inga m:_ a 4565 Baysid 6 riches f tu:r iJ• Hetet O hol� tni.e • � g ;nchGs• his:. t� ccr. `�f' tij°.tJ Sur. tC>•tUIG .1 from test �.,;h, inclxa Topsoi 1 dark gown foam a.own :oam :oa" Brown ay f v n s !e puttu+lt �t:nt s:deN's : 2 12 y�,vG hole a,'ett:u�tlf `crs:c• fiche% i::clte ' in twa0ltt Cr `"= a .is! water . . ; C t oma �....•+ r`. in:. -' 6 rctvcb �• , NU!e..t.: , ltlf:Il.CZ , �tV3� of 'nt' `• t G^n :rt hV•e•t01n 11Ut:n� �•C% 15AC ani „ hev rt wn:e' above bu.c Ain y:.eaat .. tnc `1:►�im'sm M'ster ClOth ' f ta.• ° �.et. Ycicu.auun K�mtsrka Dlo-3 in %%Jld minute% Tithe Ttrno ia:crva% mtnutca )re! 577 :32 tiiea%u'eme^•' tnc'tta M J.� �Ttru:c% t+cr :r.ch. level.tnchc" 22 2 tach it CERT.#C^627 PE' ,CO—TA :CN TEST DATA SIZE --T ..m- 'roe.:n ♦nom_ yr 0_�1_OQ .t.uungr' ���'� m., PeRolution test rcad%n}s t?UWc by R-D—--•�--- ... Tot Mule luc-atio 4565 Bayside Rd., Oront>�o!c number . Drtc bine -A A% prepared' 9 —1-0— 11 D.-inh of ho:e'wtto18 '1chc%. 7iumetcr of ho:c 6 IFIC`tc., Soi! ds:, front t:s: x!e: Dcpth, irtcly% 0 — 16" Knife Silt! texture dark brown loam Brown av loam �hethud of scratching, sidewu! 'rete` !kp h of brave: in bottom 00"4!c 1 9—iO-89 2 Dr!e and hour of intt.,U! water fi: _—:ing. Depth of imus! water filhn --incabove hale butlu'n Mct!nt! u.cd to mslntat:+ W I. :: inchcv of wa:cr depth Pcmv:.+!:on ra•c =2_ . 2 '^ nute> per :nO— in !tale for Y: Icast s huury Automatic siphon .:tilr.%imum water depth above hu!c bottom during test 6 inches Time ^ :-, - . �'.euw�rment. anchc% Drop in water !eve!. inches MIC.i K,:ntarks minutes per inch Waterer remaining in es^ !, c, _e •C 11::3 c —7 /1 6 2^ 3C :rin - .c _�•:� 1':48 4 I Pcmv:.+!:on ra•c =2_ . 2 '^ nute> per :nO—