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HomeMy WebLinkAboutOccupancy Requirements O CITY of ORONO L, l4 Municipal Offices 1= Street Address: Mailing Address: ggOg' 2150 Kelley Parkway P.O. Box 66 Orono, MN 55356 Crystal Bay, MN 55323-0066 October 24, 2002 Ace Properties COPY Attn: Larry Palm 5500 Anderson Estates Maple Plain, MN 55359 RE: Occupancy Requirements—2685 Wayzata Blvd. Dear Mr. Palm: On July 18, 2002 The City re-notified you of occupancy requirements at 2685 Wayzata Blvd. you responded with a phone call stating you disagreed with the requirement for a fire sprinkler system based on the assumption that no welding takes place in the building. Welding in the building is only one issue that would require a sprinkler system. The main issue is the welding supplies on each truck that is stored in the building. See the attached memo from The City's Fire Marshal. The City must require you to show that you have a contact with a sprinkler contractor and have an acceptable time table for installation before November 11, 2002. If this deadline is not met The City will initiate legal action to evict Western Steel from the building or to force you to install a fire sprinkler system. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me at my office. Sincerely, , &4" Lyle Oman Building Official Enclosure LO/dml Telephone(952)249-4600 • Fax(952)249-4616 www.ci.orono.mn.us CITY OF ORONO FIRE MARSHAL To; Lyle Oman, Building Official, City of Orono From; William Meyer, Fire Marshal, City of Orono Re; Western Steel building, 2687 West Wayzata Blvd., Required automatic fire sprinkler system Lyle, This memo is being sent to you to clarify my requirement for installation of the fire sprinkler system at the above mentioned address relating to City of ORONO ordinances and the Minnesota Uniform Fire Code. (1997 edit.) A: CHANGE IN OCCUPANCY- The previous tenant(Flamingo Wire Co.)used this building as a light industrial, low hazard occupancy. My inspection of the building May 10,2000 found that other than a small area on the east side of the building use for cardboard recycling the buildings contents were non-combustible. A working fire alarm (smoke detectors) system was installed in the office area of the building. The new tenant (Western Steel)requested and was approved by the city to change the use of this building to repair and maintain work trucks and heavy equipment associated with their steel erection business. Part of the process to repair this equipment will include welding. (Hot work)Repair garages also have a multitude of combustible solvents and cleaners. Each vehicle has a 20-plus gallon fuel (gasoline or diesel)tank, all being brought inside the building for storage or repair creating a hazardous condition. B: INSIDE STORAGE, WORK TRUCKS- Back in the planning stages for this occupancy it was requested by the City of Orono and approved by representatives of Western steel that work trucks and equipment be stored inside the building at night or as much as possible. Each one of these vehicles has installed on them a portable oxygen/ acetylene gas welder. The very essence of Western steel work requires the use of these welders for fabrication and erection of steel and will also be inside the building. Acetylene is a compressed flammable gas covered under article 74 of the uniform fire code. This building has changed to a H-4 occupancy and shall be protected with fire sprinklers as agreed to before Western steel occupied it. It should also be noted that in the spring of 2002 when I met with a representative of Western steel at their previous location, 2345 Daniel Street, Long Lake to discuss requirements for moving their above-ground that I saw 3 portable welders in their repair garage area. I also noted that this building was completely protected by an automatic fire sprinkler system. William Meyer,F.M. City of Orono LA C S S S �: U its ct 1 r c: No T' LO cp —,ems 4-it,v- LA-1 .5 tt �. q t�V- 9 ct_ -e S f EXPLOSIONS 921-85� ';"- Table 13-8 Combustion Properties of Common Flammable Gases .1 071. Limits of Flammability Percent by Air Needed Air Needed Btu Volume in Air Specific to Burn to Burn Ignition Temp per 113 MJ/m3 Gravity 1 ft;of Gas 1 m3 of Gas Gas (gross) (gross) Lower Upper (air = 1.0) (ft) (m3) °F °C Natural gas High inert type' 958-1051 35.7-39.2 4.5 14.0 0.660-0.708 9.2 9.2 - - High methane type 1008-1071 37.6-39.9 4.7 15.0 0.590-0.614 10.2 10.2 900-1170 482-632 High Btu type` 1071-1124 39.9-41.9 4.7 14.5 0.620-0.719 9.4 9.4 - - Blast furnace gas 81-111 3.0-4.1 32.2 71.3 1.04-1.00 0.8 0.8 Coke oven gas 575 21.4 4.4 34.0 0.38 4.7 4.7 - - Propane (commercial) 2516 93.7 2.15 9.6 1.52 24.0 24.0 01-100 ' 493-604 (k.,.' Butane (commercial) 3300 122.9 1.9 8.5 2.0 31.0 31.0 900-1000 482-538 Sewage gas 670 24.9 6.0 17.0 0.79 6.5 6.5 - - Acetylenei 1499 208.1 2.5 81.0 0.91 11.9 11.9 581 305 Hydrogen 325 12.1 4.0 75.0 0.07 2.4 2.4 932 500 ' Anhydrous ammonia 386 14.4 16.0 25.0 0.60 8.3 8.3 1204 651 Carbon monoxide 314 11.7 12.5 74.0 0.97 2.4 2.4 1128 609 ethylene 1600 59.6 2.7 36.0 0.98 14.3 14.3 914 490 Methyl acetylene, 2450 91.3 3.4 10.8 1.48 - - 850 454 propadiene,stabilized`[ 'Typical composition C114 71.9-83.2%;N2 6.3-16.20% ['Typical composition (''114 87.6-95.79o;N2 0.1-2.39% `Typical composition CH4 85.0-90.1%;N2 1.2-7.5% dMAPP®Gas from the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, l7th edition,Table 3-7C does not burn until it is mixed with air during the explosion's A natural gas leak in the first story of a multistory structure venting phase or negative pressure phase, thereby producing may well be manifested in an explosion with an epicenter in the characteristic following fire. an upper story. The natural gas, being lighter than air, will When optimum (i.e., most violent) explosions occur, it is have a tendency to rise through natural openings and may almost always at mixtures near or just above the stoichiometric even migrate inside walls. The gas will continue to disperse mixture (i.e.,slightly fuel rich).This is the optimum mixture. in the structure until an ignition source is encountered. These mixtures produce the most efficient combustion and, An LP-Gas leak on the first story of a house, if it is not,. therefore, the highest flame speeds, rates of pressure rise, ignited there, can travel away from the source and,due to its maximum pressures,and consequently the most damage.Post- density, will tend to migrate downward. The gas may collect ,- explosion fires can occur if there are pockets of overly rich in lower areas of the house and concentrate.. mixture. Ignition of the gas will only occur if the concentration is For common lighter-than-air gases in residential buildings, within the flammable limits and in contact with a competent an explosion involving an optimum concentration will some- ignition source (one with enough energy). times result in some destructive shattering effects of wooden Whether lighter-or heavier-than-air gases are involved,there[ structural materials. may be evidence of the passage of flame where the fuel air layer was.Scorching,blistering of paintwork,and showing of 13-8.2.2* Vapor Density. The vapor density of the gas or "tidemarks" are indicators of this type of phenomena The: ~ vapor fuel can have a marked effect on the nature of the operation of heating and air-conditioning systems,temper;( explosion damage to the confining structure.This is especially ture gradients,and the effects of wind on a building can cause true in dwellings and other buildings. mixing and movement that can reduce the effects,of vapof I leavier-than-air gases and vapors(i.e.,vapor density greater density.Vapor density effects are greatest in still-air conditions,: than 1.0), such as from ignitible liquids and LP-Gases, tend Full-scale testing of the distribution of flammable gas cone, to settle to lower areas.Lighter-than-air gases,such as natural centrations in rooms has shown that near stoichiometric coh' gas,tend to rise and collect in upper areas.For example,signs centrations of gas wou'dc d dev the location of tht< of postblast burning in pocketed areas between ceiling joists leak and either(1) the cel an-air gases or(2)11;' may be indicative of a lighter-than-air fuel rather than heavier- the floor for heavier-thar3' so reported that than-air gases or vapors.(See 4-17.9.)Due to their higher mobil- a heavier-than-air gas tha. evel would create ity and tendency to escape upward, lighter-than-air gases are a greater concentration at the gas would. less likely to produce hazardous situations than heavier-than- slowly diffuse upward. t e relationship is' air gases, which can pool in basements, crawl spaces, wells, true for a lighter-than-air g height.VentilaL: and tanks.' tion,both natural and mechanical,can ch'atige the movement 1998 Edltlo y, a , f U.N.CLASS DIVISION DEFINITIONS D.O.T.CLASS CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES Until 10/1/93 EXPLOSIVES 1.1 Substances and articles which have a mass explosion hazard. (PG II) EXPLOSIVES A EXPLOSIVES 1.2 Substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not mass explosion EXPLOSIVES A & B hazard.(PG II) EXPLOSIVES 1.3 Substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either minor blast hazard or EXPLOSIVES B both but not a mass explosion hazard.(PG II) EXPLOSIVES 1.4 Substances and articles which present no significant hazard.(PG II) EXPLOSIVES C EXPLOSIVES 1.5 Very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard.(PG ll) BLASTING AGENTS EXPLOSIVES 1.6 Articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances.(PG II) NONE APPLICABLE CLASS 2 GASES:Compressed,liquefied,dissolved under pressure or deeply refrigerated. FLAMMABLE 2.1 Flammable gases which ignite and burn easily. FLAMMABLE GAS GAS I NON-FLAM- 2.2 Non-flammable gases which may asphyxiate or can cause frostbite. NON-FLAMMABLE GAS MABLE GAS POISON GAS(*) 2.3 Poisonous Gases, Poison-InhalMion Hazard,Zone A,extreme health hazard. POISON A POISON GAS 2.3 Poisonous Gases,Other than Zone A,toxic health hazard. POISON GAS CLASS 3 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS FLAMMABLE 3 May violently rupture their containers when exposed to heat or fire,have a flash FLAMMABLE LIQUID LIQUID point below 1417-(PG I, ll,or III) COMBUSTIBLE 3 May violently rupture their containers when exposed to heat or fire,have a flash COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID LIQUID point between 141°F and 2007.(PG III) CLASS 4 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS FLAMMABLE 4.1 Substances which are easily ignitable,or which may burn readily. (PG I. II or III) FLAMMABLE SOLID SOLID SPONTANEOUSLY 4.2 Substances that can self-ignite on exposure to air.(PG I,II or III) FLAMMABLE SOLID i COMBUSTIBLE DANGEROUS 4.3 Substances that upon contact with water can either become spontaneously FLAMMABLE SOLID WHEN WET combustible,or can give off flammable or toxic gas. (PG I, II or III) DANGEROUS WHEN WET CLASS 5 OXIDIZERS 1 OXIDIZER 5.1 Substances that will react to support combustion,even in the absence of air. OXIDIZER (PG I, II or III) ORGANIC 5.2 Substances sensitive to heat, shock and friction,or may decompose and self-ignite. ORGANIC PEROXIDE PEROXIDE (PG I, II or III) CLASS 6 POISONS POISON (*) 6.1 Poisonous materials, PG I, Poison Inhalation Hazard,Zone A,extreme health hazard. POISON A POISON 6.1 Materials toxic enough to create a health hazard (PG I & ll)Other than Zone A. POISON B/IRRITATING KEEP AWAY 6.1 Materials which give off dangerous or irritating fumes.(PG III) POISON B/ORM FROM FOOD IRRITATING INFECTIOUS 6.2 Infectious substances and regulated medical waste.(PG II) ETIOLOGIC AGENT SUBSTANCE CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS RADIOACTIVE 7 Substances radioactive,which can cause burns and other injuries. RADIOACTIVE CLASS 8 CORROSIVE MATERIALS CORROSIVE 8 Substances which on contact with skin may cause damage and will corrode and CORROSIVE MATERIAL weaken most metals.(PG I,II or III) MATERIAL/ORM CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MISCELLANEOUS 9 Hazardous substances which do not meet the definition of any other hazard class. OTHER REGULATED ', HAZARDS (PG 11 or III) MATERIALS OR ORM'; CITY OF ORONO FIRE MARSHAL To; Lyle Oman, Building Official, City of Orono From; William Meyer, Fire Marshal, City of Orono Re; Western Steel building, 2687 West Wayzata Blvd., Required automatic fire sprinkler system Lyle, This memo is being sent to you to clarify my requirement for installation of the fire sprinkler system at the above mentioned address relating to City of ORONO ordinances and the Minnesota Uniform Fire Code. (1997 edit.) A: CHANGE IN OCCUPANCY-The previous tenant(Flamingo Wire Co.)used this building as a light industrial, low hazard occupancy. My inspection of the building May 10, 2000 found that other than a small area on the east side of the building use for cardboard recycling the buildings contents were non-combustible. A working fire alarm (smoke detectors) system was installed in the office area of the building. The new tenant (Western Steel)requested and was approved by the city to change the use of this building to repair and maintain work trucks and heavy equipment associated with their steel erection business. Part of the process to repair this equipment will include welding. (Hot work)Repair garages also have a multitude of combustible solvents and cleaners. Each vehicle has a 20-plus gallon fuel(gasoline or diesel)tank, all being brought inside the building for storage or repair creating a hazardous condition. B: INSIDE STORAGE, WORK TRUCKS- Back in the planning stages for this occupancy it was requested by the City of Orono and approved by representatives of Western steel that work trucks and equipment be stored inside the building at night or as much as possible. Each one of these vehicles has installed on them a portable oxygen/ acetylene gas welder. The very essence of Western steel work requires the use of these welders for fabrication and erection of steel and will also be inside the building. Acetylene is a compressed flammable gas covered under article 74 of the uniform fire code. This building has changed to a H-4 occupancy and shall be protected with fire sprinklers as agreed to before Western steel occupied it It should also be noted that in the spring of 2002 when I met with a representative of Western steel at their previous location,2345 Daniel Street, Long Lake to discuss requirements for moving their above-ground that I saw 3 portable welders in their repair garage area. I also noted that this building was completely protected by an automatic fire sprinkler system. William Meyer, F.M. City of Orono AV .. 55-1 i t Copyright© 1998 NFPA,All Rights Reserved \ NFPA 55 Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed and ( Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders 1998 Edition This edition of NFPA 55,Standard for the Storage, Use,and dandling of Comprfssed and Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders,was prepared by the Technical Committee on Industrial and Medical Gases and acted on by the National Fire Protection Association,Inc.,at its Fall Meeting held November 17-19,1997,in Kansas City,MO.It was issued by the Standards Council on January 16, 1998,with an effective date of February 6, 1998, and supersedes all previous editions. Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical rule in the margin of the pages ;e on which they appear.These lines are included as an aid to the user in identifying changes from the previous edition. This edition of NFPA 55 was approved as an American National Standard on March 31, 1998. Origin and Development of NFPA 55 NFPA 55 was developed by the Industrial and Medical Gases Committee in recognition of the need to provide information on the use of cylinder gases in one standard. The Compressed Gas Association assisted the project by submitting a draft that was used as the framework for the standard. NFPA 55 supersedes NFPA 43C, Code for the Storage of Gaseous Oxidizing Materials, which was developed by the Committee on Hazardous Chemicals and transferred to the Industrial and Medical Gases Committee.The committee believed that one standard covering storage of all gas cylinders was needed and, with the new NFPA 55, the need for NFPA 43C no longer existed. Since this standard was introduced in 1993,it has been widely used and accepted by users of different types of gases as a single source covering requirements for installation and usage of gases in portable cylinders.This second edition clarifies many requirements and provides additional advisory information to assist the users of the standard. Editorial changes were also incorporated for clarity. i 55-2 STORAGE,USE,AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES IN PORTABLE CYLINDERS Technical Committee on Industrial and Medical Gases Charles B.Henrici, Chair River Forest Fire Dept.,IL [E] Rep. Intl Assn. of Fire Chiefs Francis X.Bender,Hazards Research Corp.,NJ [SE] Samir Shiban,Intel Corp.,OR[U] Carl A.Caves,U.S. Dept.of Energy,MD [U] David N.Simon,Air Liquide America Corp.,TX [IM] Rick Gunn,Wright Brothers,Inc.,OH [M] Rep. Compressed Gas Assn. Penis J.Murray,KMS-Medical Gas System Consultants Michael W.St.Clair,The Ohio State University,OH[U] Ltd,MI [U] Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Rep.American Hospital Assn. Randolph Viscomi,ARC Chemical,NY[IM] Douglas F.Nelson,Industrial Risk Insurers,PA [I] Lionel Wolpert, BOC Gases,NJ [IM] John T.Pavlovcak,Air Products&Chemicals,Inc.,PA Rep.Compressed Gas Assn. [IM] Robert A.Zeman,Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,IL Rep. Compressed Gas Assn. [RT] Alternates J, Marshall Issen,Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,1L[RT] Gary E Trojak,The Chlorine Inst.,DC [M] (Alt. to R.A. Zeman) (Voting Alt. to The Chlorine Inst.) WpWm A.Thorn berg,Industrial Risk Insurers,CT [I] (Alt. to D. E Nelson) Nonvoting Wendell Glasier, U.S. Dept. of Labor,OSHA,DC Joanne E.Slattery, U.S. Dept.of Labor,OSHA,DC (Alt. to J.Slattery) Fred K.Kitson,F.K. Kitson Safety Assoc.,VA (Member Emeritus) Amy B.Spencer,NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, i changes in the membership may have occurred.A key to classifications is found at the back of this document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope;This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the storage,transfer, and use of industrial gases.Included are the storage and handling of such gases in their gaseous or liquid phases;the installation of associated storage,piping,and distribution equipment;and operating practices. The Committee also has a technical responsibility for contributions in the same areas for medical gases and clean rooms. 0 1998 E4111on CONTENTS 55-3 Contents i z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-4 Chapter 6 Compressed Gas Cylinders 55-9 Chaste ; , 1-1 55-4 61 Design and Construction . 55-9 1-2 als and Procedures . . . . . 55-4 62 Defective Cylinders. 55-9 [ 1-3 . . . . . . . . . . . 55-4 6.3 Cylinders Containing Residual Gas 55-9 I 6-4 Valve Protective Caps. . . . . . . . . 55-9 1-4 VDeitions 55-4 P 6-5 Valve Outlet Caps or Plugs . . . . . . . . 55-9 C Chapter 2 Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-6 6-6 Securing Cylinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-9 2-1 General Storage Requirements. . . . . . 55-6 6-7 Cylinder Orientation . . . . . . . . . 55-9 2-2 Flammable Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-6 6-8 Cylinders Exposed to Fire . . . . . . . . . 55-9 6-9 Exposure to Electrical Circuits . . . .. . . 55-9 GhaptpTj 3,, Toxic Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-7 6-10 Temperature Limits . . . . . . . . . 55-9 3=1 ' General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . 55-7 Chapter 7 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . 55-9 \_ 3-2 Health 4 Storage Requirements . . . . . . . 55-8 7-1 Ignition Source Control . . . . . . . . . . . 55-9 3-3'' Health 3 Storage Requirements . . . . . . . 55-8 7-2 Fire Protection and Detection Systems . . . 55-9 34, 'Leakage Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-8 7-3 Standby Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-9 Ch 4er 4 Hazard Warnin 55-8 7-4 Compressed Gas Cabinets , . . . . . 55-9 � ' 7-5 Emergency Equipment . . . . 55-9 4-1 `Hazard Identification •. . . . . . . . . . . . 55-8 4-2 Labeling'Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 55-8 Chapter 8 Referenced Publications. 55-10 4-3 Label Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-8 Appendix A Explanatory Material . . . . . . 55-10 Chapter 5 Emergency Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-8 Appendix B Referenced Publications. . . . ,. . .55-12 5-1 Emergency Plan Requirements. . . . . . . . 55-8 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-12 I 1W Witlon 55-4 STORAGE,USE,AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES IN PORTABLE CYLINDERS NFPA 55 (k)* Flammable gases used as a vehicle fuel when stored on Stand the vehicle O �rcl for the l * The handling and use of compressed or liquefied gases Storage, Use, and Handling of in laboratory work areas covered by NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals Compressed and Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders 1-2 Alternate Materials and Procedures. The provisions of this standard are not intended to prevent the use of any mate- 1998 Edition rial, method of construction, or procedure not specifically prescribed herein, provided any such alternate is acceptable I 1 NOTICE: An asterisk(*)following the number or letter des- to the authority having jurisdiction. (See Section 1-4.)The au- J ignating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on thority having jurisdiction shall require that sufficient evi- the paragraph can be found in Appendix A. dence be submitted to substantiate any claims made regarding Information on referenced publications can be found in the safety of such alternates. Chapter 8 and Appendix B. 1-3 Training. Persons responsible for or working in the areas where compressed gases are produced, stored, handled, or Chapter 1 General used shall be trained in the chemical and physical properties /) of the materials and the appropriate-emergency response. 1-1 Scope. 14 Definitions. For the purpose of the standard,the follow- 1-1.1 This standard applies to the storage,use,and handling ing terms are defined. of compressed and liquefied gases in portable cylinders in all Absolute Pressure. Pressure based'on a zero reference occupancies. point, the perfect vacuum. Measured from this reference 1-1.2 This standard shall not apply to the following: point, the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 I (a)* Off-site transportation of compressed gases psia (an absolute pressure of 101 kPa). Absolute pressure is b commonly denoted as psia. ( ) Storage,use,and handling of cylinders at gas ntanufac- turer and distributor facilitie> - Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdio- (c). Storage, use, and handling of radioactive gases tion. (d)* Storage, use, and handling of medical gases at health ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials. care facilities (e)* Cryogenic liquids in bulk and* portable containers Authority Laving Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, approving equipment,I or individual responsible for aiipment,an installa- (f) Systems for gases,each containing more than 20,000 scf /) (566 ms) of oxygen,3000 scf(85 m3)of hydrogen,5000 tion, or'a procedure. scf(142 in of acetylene CFR. Code of Federal Regulations. (g) Gas systems consisting only of hydrogen (Such systems CGA. The Compressed Gas Association. shall be in accordance with NFPA 50A, Standard for Gas- eous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites.) Compressed Gas(Nonliquefied). A gas,other than in so- (h)* Storage and use of more than a total of 735 lb (333 kg) lution, that in a packaging under thecharged pressure is water capacity [nominal 300 lb (136 kg) propane] of entirely gaseous at a temperature of 68n F (20'C). liquefied flammable gases Continuous Gas Detection System. A gas detection system (i) Systems consisting of a single cylinder of oxygen and a where the instrument is maintained in continuous operation single cylinder of fuel gas used for welding and cutting and the interval between sampling of any point does not 0) Compressed and liquefied gases in use or in separate exceed 30 minutes. storage areas in quantities less than those specified in Cryogenic Liquid. A liquid having a boiling point lower Table 1-1.2(a) and Table 1-1.2(b), except as specified than -150T (-101°C) at 14.7 psia (an absolute pressure of elsewhere in this standard 101 kPa). Table 1-1.2(a) Quantities Exempt front the Requirements of NFPA 55 in Industrial,Mercantile,and Storage Occupancies Unsprinklered Areas Sprinklered Areas No Cabinet Cabinet No Cabinet Cabinet Toxic Gas (Health 4)" 0 scf(0 m) 20 scf(0.57 m3) 0 scf(0 ms) 40 scf(l.l ms) Toxic Gas (Health 3)" Liquefied 100 Ib (45.3 kg) 200 Ib (90.7 kg) 100 lb (45.3 kg) 200 lb (90.7 kg) Compressed 400 scf(11.3 m) 650 scf(18.4 m) 400 scf(11.3 ms) 650 scf(18.4 m3) Pyrophoric Gas 500 scf(14.1 m3) 500 scf(14.1 nt) 1500 scf(42.5 ms) 1500 scf(42.5 ms) Flammable Gas Liquefied 100 lb (45.3 kg) 100 Ib (45.3 kg) 100 Ib (45.3 kg) 100 Ib (45.3 kg) Compressed 400 scf(11.3 m) 400 scf(11.3 m) 400 scf(11.3 m) 400 scf(11.3 m) Oxidizing Gas 400 scf(11.3 m) 400 scf(11.3 m3) 400 scf(11.3 m3) 400 scf(11.3 ms) Nonflammable Gas 1000 scf(28.3 m3) 1000 scf(28.3 m3) 2000 scf(56.6 m3) 2000 scf(56.6 m3) "Health hazard rating in accordance with NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. 1998 Edition GENERAL 55-5 Table 1-1.2(b), Quantities Fxempt from the Requirements of NFPA (b) Materials, in the form and thickness used,other than as 55 in Occupancies Other than Industrial,Mercantile,and Storage described in (a), that have neither a flame spread rating greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive Gas Quantities combustion, and of such composition that surfaces that Toxic Gas (Health 4)' 0 scf(0 In s) would be exposed by cutting through the material on Toxic Gas (Health 3)' any plane would have neither a flame spread rating Liquefied 100 lb (45.3 kg) greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive Compressed 400 scf(11.3 m) combustion PyrophFlammable Gas 0 scf(0 ms) Liquefied Gas. A gas, other than in solution, that in a C^ , Flammable Gas packaging under the charged pressure exists both as a liquid Liquefied 5 Ib (2.2 kg) Compressed 75 scf(2.1 m )s and a gas at a temperature of 68°F (20°C). Oxidizing Gas 400 scf(11.3 ms)b Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Written or printed Nonflammable Gas 400 scf(11.3 in) material concerning a hazardous material that is prepared in 'Health hazard rating in accordance with NFPA 704,Standard System I accordance with the provisions of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. Nesting. A method of securing cylinders upright in a tight l Unlimited for residential health care applications. mass using a contiguous three-point Contact system whereby all cylinders in a group have a minimum of three contact points with other cylinders or a solid support structure (i.e., Cylinder. A portable compressed gas container,fabricated wall, railing). to or authorized for use by the U.S.Department of Transporta- Nonflammable Gas. A gas that does not meet the defini- tion (DOT), or fabricated to Transport Canada (TC) or the tion of a flammable gas. "Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels,"Sec- tion VIII,ASME Boiler&Pressure Vessel Code. OSHA. The Occupational Safety Health Administration )distributor: Any organization that repackages gases and of the U.S. Department of Labor. handles compressed gas containers but does not consume Oxidizing Gas. A gas that can support and accelerate com- co.mpressed gases. bustion of other materials. Existing Facilities. An existing facility storing, using, or Pyrophoric Gas. A gas that will spontaneously ignite in air handling compressed or liquefied gases that is not in strict at or below a temperature of 130'F(54.4°C). compliance with this standard shall be permitted to continue Scf. One cubic foot of gas at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psia in operation where such continued operation does not consti- (an absolute pressure of 101 kPa). tute a distinct hazard to life or adjoining property. ; Fire Area. The floor area enclosed and bounded by fire Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. walls,fire separation assemblies,or exterior walls of a building Standard. A document, the main text of which contains to restrict the spread of fire. only mandatory provisions using the word"shall" to indicate equirements and which is in a form generally suitable for r Flammable Gas. A gas that is flammable at atmospheric mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adop- temperature and pressure in a mixture of 13 percent or less tion into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in I (by volume) with air, or that has a flammable range with air an appendix, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be wider than 12 percent, regardless of the lower limit. considered a part of the requirements of a standard. Gas Manufacturer. A business that produces compressed Storage. An inventory of compressed or liquefied gases in 1.bases or fills portable gas cylinders or containers. containers that are not in the process of being examined, Handling. Moving, connecting, or disconnecting a com- serviced, refilled, loaded, or unloaded. pressed or liquefied gas cylinder. Toxic Gas. A gas having a health hazard rating of 3 or..4 Hazard Rating. The numerical rating of the health,flam- as defined in NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of mabi#ity, and self-reactivity hazards of the material, including the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. its reaction withwater,as defined in NFPA 704,Standard System Treatment System. An assembly of equipment capable of C for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Re- processing a toxic gas and reducing the gas concentration to sponse. a predetermined safe level at the point of discharge from the Limited-Combustible. As applied to a building construc_ system to the atmosphere. tion material—a material not complying with the definition Use. The consumption of a compressed or liquefied gas of noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is in a nonrecoverable manner. used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb ( (8141 kj/kg), and that complies with one of the following User. An individual, group, or organization who utilizes \. paragraphs(a)or(b).Materials subject to increase in combos- the compressed or liquefied gas in a nonrecoverable manner. tibility or flame spread rating beyond the limits herein estab- Valve Outlet Caps and Plugs. Removable caps and plugs lished through the effects of age, moisture, or other that form a gastight seal on valve outlets of certain gases and, atmospheric conditions shall be considered combustible. in some cases, provide valve thread protection. (a) Materials having a structural base of noncombustible ma- Valve Protection Device. A device attached to the neck terial, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of %s ring or body of the cylinder for the purpose pf protecting,the in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame spread rating not greater cylinder valve from being struck or damaged ffotT};_impact t than 50 resulting from a fall or an object striking the cylinder. 1998.8ditlon 55-6 STORAGE,USE,AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES IN PORTABLE CYLINDERS Valve Protective Cap. A rigid, removable cover provided (d) Storage areas shall be permitted to be covered with cano- for compressed gas container valve protection. pies of noncombustible construction. 2-1.6.2 Indoor Storage. Heated indoor storage areas shall Chapter 2 Storage be arranged so that stored cylinders or other containers can- not be spot heated or heated above 125°F (51.7°C). 2-1* General Storage Requirements. 12-1.6.3* Other General Storage Requirements. The follow- 2-1.1 This chapter shall apply to the storage of all corn- ing are general storage requirements: dressed'and liquefied gases. (a) When two or more compressed gases are stored in a gas 24.2 Storage areas shall be secured against unauthorized cabinet, the gases shall be compatible. (See Table 2-1.5.) J entry. (b) Spill control,drainage,and secondary containment shall 2-1.3 Gases shall be separated in storage in accordance with not be required for the storage of compressed gases. Table 2-1.5.When a gas is classified in more than one category, (c) Floors of storage areas shall be of noncombustible or all compatibilities shall be checked and the most stringent limited-combustible construction. separation shall be used. (d) Shelves used for the storage of cylinders shall be of non- �\l 2-1.4 Flammable gases shall be stored in accordance with combustible construction and designed to support the this standard and,the following: weight of the cylinders stored. (e) For separation from incompatible or combustible materi- (a) NFPA 50A, Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Con- als, storage of compressed gases shall be completed in sumer Sites, for hydrogen at consumer sites either of the following ways: (b) NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen- 1. Segregated from any incompatible or combustible Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, materials storage by a minimum distance of 20 ft for acetylene and other fuel gases used in welding, cut- (6.1 m) 51 ting, and similar applications within the scope of NFPA 2, Isolated from any incompatible or combustible mate- rial storage by a barrier of noncombustible material (c) NFVA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, for butane, pro- at least 5 ft (1.5 m) high that has a minimum fire pane, and other gases under the scope of NFPA 58 resistance rating of%s hour 2-1.5* Toxic gases shall be stored in accordance with Table 2-2 Flammable Gases. 2-1.5 and Chapter 3. 2-2.1 The following general requirements for storage of flam- mable gases shall apply. liquid,surfacing of noncombustible material shall be provided 2.2 1.1 The storage location of nonliquefied flammable gas _J under the liquid transfer connections of the storage container. cylinders in buildings shall be determined by the total volume 2-1.6.1 Outdoor Storage. Outdoor storage areas shall have of flammable gas and shall be in the order of preference as a minimum of 25 percent of the perimeter open to the atmo- indicated by roman numerals in Table 2-2.1.1. sphere. This open space shall be permitted to incorporate 2-2,1.2 Storage of compressed flammable gases in other than Ichain link fence, lattice construction, open block, or similar industrial and storage occupancies shall not exceed the quanti- materials for the full height and width of the opening. The ties listed in Table 1-1.2(b).Storage of compressed flammable following are requirements for outdoor storage: gases in mercantile and business occupancies shall be limited (a) Storage areas shall be kept clear of dry vegetation and to 400 scf(11.3 ms). Storage of liquefied flammable gases in combustible materials for a minimum distance of 15 ft all occupancies shall be in accordance with NFPA 58,Liquefied (4.6 m). Petroleum Gas Code. (b) Cylinders stored outside shall not be placed on the Exception: Facilities that primarily distribute gases and related ground (earth) or on surfaces where water can accumu- equipment that are open to the public. late. 2-2.1.3 Electrical equipment shall conform to the provisions (c) Storage areas shall be provided with physical protection of NFPA 70, National Electrical Codeg, Article 501 for Class I, from vehicle damage. Division 2 locations. i) Table 2-1.5 Separation of Gas Cylinders by Hazard Gas Hazard Category Nonflammable Oxidizing Flammable Pyrophoric Toxic Toxic C 20 It (6.1 in) 20 It (6.1 m) 20 ft (6.1 m) - Pyrop�oric C 20 ft (6.1 m) 20 It (6.1 m) - 20 ft (6.1 m) Flammable C 20 ft (6.1 m) - 20 ft (6.1 m) 20 ft (6.1 m) Oxidizing C - 20 I't (6.1 m) 20 ft (6.1 m) 20 ft (6.1 m) Nonflammable - C C C C Notes: ' 1 'C ='!C6mpa0ble.No separation required. 2. The;20-ft (6.1 m) distance shall be permitted to be reduced without limit when separated by a barrier of noncombustible materials at least 5 ft (1.5 m) high that has a fire resistance rating of at least�i hour. 1998 Edition TOXIC GASES 55-1 Table 2-2.1.1 Location Preference of Flamma5le Gas Storage Areas ` Total Volume of Flammable Gas (scf) Up to 2501 scf(70.8 ms)to In Excess of Location 2500 scf(70.8 ms) 5000 scf(141.6 ms) 5000 scf(141.6 ms) Outdoors I I 1 In a Separate Building II II II In a Separate Room III III III Inside Buildings Not in a Separate Room and Exposed to Other Occupancies IV Not Permitted Not Permitted „1• Exception: Electrical equipment in ventilated storage rooms larger occupancies in accordance with NEPA 13, StandQrd for the Instalhf- than 10,000 fts (283 ms), containing 2500 scf(70.79),W) or less tion of Sprinkler Systems. ( of flammable gases, and with no cylinder sampling activity shall be 2-2,2.3 Gas cylinder storage'rooms`shall be 'rovided with permitted to be unclassified. natural or mechanical ventilation designed to provide a mini- 2-2.1.4 Smoking and open flames shall not be permitted in mum of 1 cfm/ft2 (0.3 ms/min�m2)'of floor area,Ventilation storage areas or Within 20 ft (6.1 m) of storage areas. systems shall discharge a minimum of 50 ft(1'5 m)from intakes 2-2.1.5 Gas cylinders shall be stored'a minimum distance of of air-handling systems, air-conditioning'e'quipinent,'and air 20 ft (6.1 m) from storage of flammable and combustible compressors. ; liquids and solids. 2-2.3 The following requirements shall apply to the indoor storage of greater than 5000 scf(141.6 ms)of flammable gas'e's 2-2.1.6- Liquefied flammable gas cylinders shall be stored in in any fire area. the upright position or such that. the pressure relief valve is in direct communication with the vapor space of the cylinder. 1 2-2.3.1 Gas cylinders shall be stored in a 'room or enclosure with a minimum fire resistance rating of 2 hours.At least one 2-2.1.7 Storage of multiple g3 ups of cylinders of flammable wall of the room shall be an exterior building`wall: j'j gases, each 2500 scf(70.79 m ) or less, in one fire area shall be permitted where the groups are separated b a minimum 2-2.3.2 Gas cylinder storage rooms ghall�e rgvided,wi ,a P g P P" Y", P , 4h distance of 100 ft (30.5 m). sprinkler system designed in accordance with NFPA 13,'Stan- i lard for the Installation of Sprinkler System's:The sprinkler system Exception: The separation distance shall be permitted to be reduced shall be capable of providing a minimum density of to Oft when separated by masonry walls with afire resistance rating 0.30 gpm/ft2 (0.012 m3/min•m2) over the most hydraulically of 2 hours. remote 2500 ft2 (232.25 m2) or the entire room area,which- 2-2.1.8 Different flammable gases shall be permitted to be ever is smaller. , stored together in a group. 2-2.3.3 Gas cylinder storage rooms shall be provided;wit} 2-2.2. The-following requirements shall apply to the indoor mechanical ventilation designee} to provide a mipinipm oQ storage of flammable gases between 2501 scf(70.82 ins) and C1,111/0 (0.3 ms/,min.m2) of flqor area.,Ventilation systpms 5000 scf(141.6 ms) in any fire area. shall discharge a minimum of 50 ft (15 m) from intakes of air-handling systems, air-conditioning equipment, and, air 2 2.2.1 Gas cylinders shall be stored in a room or enclosure compressors. With a minimum 1-hour fire resistance rating. Exception: Gas cylinders shall be permitted to be stored in areas not within a 1-hour fire resistance rating where the entire building is Chapter 3 Toxic Gases equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler 3-1 General Requirements. In addition to the requirements Systems. The sprinkler system protecting the gas cylinder storage, and of Chapter 2, the following specific requirements foF storage for a distance of 25 ft (7.6 m) beyond in all directions, shall be of toxic gases shall apply. Icapable of providing a minimum density of 0.30gpm2/ft2 (0.012 rns/ 3-1.1 Indoor storage areas used to store t Adie!gases'§hall be mi?rm) over the most hydraulically remote 2500 ft . equipped with a continuous gas detection system that provides 2-2.2.2 . Multiple groups of cylinders within one sprinklered an alarm to warn of the presence of toxic gases in levels that fire area shall be permitted where the groups are separated present a hazard to life. i Al by a minimum distance of 100 ft (.�0.5 ni). Exception:,*,,,A continuous gas detection system s40.1094 be required toxic asps with a health rating 3 when the u ra e of the Exception No. 1: This distance shall be permitted tq be reduced to f9r g g of rfg. l �= 50 ft(15 m) in buildings protected with a sprinkler,system designed odor threshold limit of the gas,is at a level below,;he-permissible for Ordinary Hazard,Group 1 occupancies or Light Hazard occupan- exposure level of the gas. cies in accordance with NTPA 13, Standard for the Installation of' 3-1.2 Exhaust ventilation systems shall be installed in alliin- Sprinkler Systems. door areas used for toxic gases.,, ,r.. , 1,4 Exception No. 2: This distance shall be permitted to be reduced to Exception; ; Exhaust ventilation systems shall not be required for toxic 25 fl(7.6 m) in buildings where the occupancy between storage areas gases with a health hazard rating of 3,when the total amat4rt(;1torpd is frog of combustible materials and prp(ected with sprirekler'system is less than 650 scf(18.4 nr�), or,,$l0.scf(22.9•m,): 10,08 designed for Ordinary Hazard, Group l occupancies or Light Ilazard k®]far chlorine: ,1sse�i1@(on 555-8 STORAGE,USE,AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES IN PORTABLE CYLINDERS 3-1.3 Exhaust ventilation systems for indoor toxic gas storage shall be capable of containing, controlling, processing, or shall comply with the following,except where natural ventila- mitigating leaks from compressed gas cylinders and shall be tion prevents toxic accumulations of gases being stored. permitted to be used in lieu of gas cabinets and treatment systems. (a) Where gas cabinets are not used,mechanical ventilation shall be operated continuously at a rate of not less than 1 cfm/ft2 (0.3 m3/min•m2) of floor area of the storage area. Chapter 4 Hazard Warnings Exception No. 1: Alternate engineered systems that recognize the ; Properties of the gas being stored and approved by the authority having 4-1 Hazard Identification. Y, jurisdiction. 4-1.1 Hazard identification signs shall be placed at all en- Exception No.2: When the area is not occupied, the ventilation rate trances to locations where compressed gases are produced, shall be permitted to be reduced provided ventilation is increased in stored, used, or handled. the event concentrations exceed a predetermined set point below that 'concentration that poses a hazard to life. Exception: The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to (b) A manual ventilation shutoff shall be provided outside waive this requirement where consistent with safety. the room adjacent to the access door into the room or 4-1.2 Sins. Signage shall be handled in the following man- in t an-int location approved by the authority having jurisdic- ner: tion, The switch shall be labeled "Ventilation System Emergency Shutoff." (a) Signs shall not be obscured or removed. Signs shall be (c) Exhaust ventilation shall not be recirculated within a in English as a primary language or in symbols. room or building. (b) Signs prohibiting smoking or open flames within 20 ft (�1) Vet1t}latiop shall not be required to be operated when (6.1 m)shall be provided in areas where toxic,flammable, ,no toxic gas is being stored. oxidizing, or pyrophoric gases are produced, handled, 3-1.4 �Qptdoor storage of toxic gases shall be located 75 ft stored, or used. (22,m)_T9in a line of property that can be built ppon,public 4 2* Labeling Requirements. Individual compressed gas cyl- ways, places of public assembly, and buildings not associated inders shall be marked or labeled in accordance with DOT with the manufacture or use of the gases in storage. Such and OSHA requirements. storage,areas'sh�ll be secured from unauthorized access. 4-3 Label Maintenance. The labels applied by the gas manu- 3714 While,in storage and while being handled, cylinders facturer to identify the compressed or liquefied gas cylinder of toxic gases sh4ll have valve protective devices or caps and contents shall not be altered or removed by the user. gastight valve outlet caps or plugs in place. This shall apply to all cylinders whether full, partially full, or empty. Exception: Cylinders being connected for use or disconnected. Chapter 5 Emergency Plan 3-2 Health 4 Storage Requirements. User locations storing tokic gages with'a health hazard rating of 4 in accordance with 5-1 Emergency Plan Requirements. An emergency response NFPA 704 shall meet the following requirements. plan shall be prepared and updated wherever liquefied or Exception: Chlorine storage areas shall meet the requirements of compressed gases are produced,handled,stored,or used.The Section 3-3. plan shall be available for inspection by the authority having jurisdiction upon reasonable notice. The following informa- 3-2.1 Storage within buildings shall be in gas cabinets or tion shall be included in the emergency plan. (See 29 CFR exhausted enclosures having positive exhaust ventilation. 1910.120 and 1910.1200.) Exception: Other means acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- tion that( rovide an equivalent level of safety. (a) The type of emergency equipment available and its loca- tion 3-2.2 When storage is not in buildings,at least one gas cabi- net or exhausted enclosure shall be provided for the handling of leaking cylinders.The cabinet or enclosure shall be located grains for the available emergency equipment l within or adjacent to the outdoor storage area. (c). An indication that hazard identification labeling is pro- vided for each storage area 3-2.3 Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be con- I (d) Location of posted emergency response procedures netted to treatment systems. (e) Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) shall be available for 3-3* Health 3 Storage Requirements. User locations storing all gases stored on the site. toxic gases with a health hazard rating of 3 in accordance with (f) A list of responsible personnel who are designated and NFPA 70'4 shall have equipment on site that shall prevent gas trained tbe liaison personnel for the fire department. l from leaking cylinders from escaping into the building or These individuals shall aid the emergency responders in atmosphere, or shall have equipment readily available. pre-emergency planning;identify the location of flamma- 3-4* Lef*age Mitigation. At gas manufacturers'and distrib- ble, pyrophoric, oxidizing, and toxic gases; access mate- utors'facilities that handle toxic gases and have a health haz- rial safety data sheets;and shall be knowledgeable in the and rating of 4 in accordance with NFPA 704, a containment site emergency response procedures. device of other equivalent equipment shall be on site or readily (g) A list of the types and quantities of compressed and lique- available. Such containment device or equivalent equipment fled gases normally at the facility 1998'gditlon SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 55-9 _ Chapter 6 Compressed Gas Cylinders 7-2 Fire Protection and Detection Systems. r 7-2.1 Separate rooms and areas of buildings for 'use o?stor- 6-1 Design and Construction. Cylinders shall be designed, age of toxic or pyrophoric gases shall be protected by an fabricated, tested,and marked (stamped) in accordance with automatic fire extinguishing system in accordance with NFPA regulations of DOT,TC, or the "Rules for the Construction 13, Standard far the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,or NFPA 15, of Unfired Pressure Vessels," Section VIII, ASME Boiler & Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection. Pressure Vessel Code. 7-2.2 A fire alarm activation station or approved emergency 6-2 Defective Cylinders. Defective cylinders shall be re- signal device shall be installed adjacent to exit doors of build= turned to the supplier. Suppliers shall repair the cylinder, ings and outside of rooms or areas where the toxic,pyrophoric, remove it from service,or dispose of it in an approved manner. or flammable gases are used or stored.Activation of the system 6-3 Cylinders Containing Residual Gas. Compressed gas cyl- shall sound a local alarm. inders having residual product shall be treated as full except 7-2.3 Smoke Detection. An approved,supervised smoke de- when being examined,serviced,or refilled by a gas manufac- tection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where Curer or distributor. flammable, pyrophoric, and toxic gases are stored indoors. C6-4 Valve Protective Caps. Where compressed gas cylinders Activation of the detection system shall sound a local alarm. are designed to accept valve protective caps, the user shall 7-2.4 Manual alarm, emergency signal, detection, or keep such caps on compressed gas cylinders at all times except auto- matic fire extinguishing systems shall be supervisgc( by,an when being filled or connected for use. approved central or remote station service qr.shall initiate 6-5 Valve Outlet Caps or Plugs. Where gastight valve outlet an audible or visual signal at a constantly,attended,on-site caps or plugs are provided, the user shall keep such devices location. on the valve outlet at all times except when compressed gas cylinders are being filled or connected for use. 7-3* Standby Power. Where mechanical ventilation,'treat- ment systems, temperature control,manual alarm,detection, 6-6 Securing Cylinders. Compressed or liquefied gas cylin- or other electrically operated systems are required by other ders in use or in storage shall be secured to prevent them provisions of this standard, such systems shall be conneFted from falling or being knocked over. to a standby source of power to automatically'suPply electrical Exception No. 1: .Compressed gas cylinders in the process of exanzina- power in the event of loss of power from the'primary source. tion, servicing, and refilling. 74 Compressed Gas Cabinets. Compressed gas cabinets Exception No. 2: At cylinder-filling plants and distributors'ware- shall be designed in accordance with this section. Cabinets houses, the nesting of cylinders shall be permitted to secure cylinders. shall meet the following requirements. C6-7 Cylinder Orientation. Compressed gas cylinders shall be 7-4,1 They shall be labeled on the front of the cabinet in permitted to be stored and used in the horizontal position. red letters a minimum of 1 in. (25.4 mm) high on contrasting 6-8 Cylinders` Exposed to Fire. Compressed gas cylinders background: exposed to fire shall not be used until they are requalified in HAZARDOUS—KEEP FIRE AWAY accordance with the pressure vessel code under,which they ! were glanufactured. 7-4.2 They shall be operated at negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. 6-9 Exposure to Electrical Circuits. Compressed gas cylin- ders shall not be placed where they could become a part of 74.3 They shall be provided with self-closing limited access an electrical circuit. ports or noncombustible windows to give access to gquipment controls. The average velocity of ventilation •at,the face of 6-10 Temperature Limits. Compressed gas cylinders shall access ports or windows shall be not less than 200 ft/min not be exposed to temperatures exceeding 125°F(52'C).Cyl- (60.7 m/min) with a minimum of 150 ft/min (45.7 m/min) inders shall not be subjected to direct heating to increase at any point of the access port or window. vapor pressure. 17-4.4* They shall be provided with a treatment system to Exception: When cylinders are being refilled. process all exhausted ventilation from the gas cabinet such ( that emissions are not a hazard to life. The system shall be Chapter 7 Safety Precautions sized to treat the total capacity•of the largest toxic gas cylinder at the maximum flow rate based on controls in place. 7-1 Ignition Source Control. 7-4.5 They shall be provided with self-closing doors, 7-1.1 ' Smoking or open flames shall not be permitted within 74.6 They shall be constructed of not less than,12-g4uge; 20 ft (61 m) of any area where flammable, oxidizing, gyro- steel,which shall be permitted to be coated to prevent corro- phoric, or toxic compressed gasps are stored. Sion. 17-1.2* Where ignition of a flammable gas by static electricity 74.7 They shall be internally sprinklered. is Possible, means shall be provided to prevent a static dis- charge. 7-5 Emergency Equipment. 7-1.3 Electrical equipment and wiring in areas where fl'ain 17-5.1* Breathing Apparatus. .;When toxic compressed, gasps mable gases are produced, stored, handled, or used shall be are produced, handled, stored, or used, a minimum of two y installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 70, Na- self-contained breathing apparatus shall be, provided. The l tio4al flec(ical Code®. breathing apparatus shall be suitable for use with the material 1998 Edition 55-10 STORAGE,USE,AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES IN PORTABLE CYLINDERS and shall be located near the immediate area in a location 8-1.2.3 Transport Canada Publication. Transport Canada, that provides safety to, those expected to wear the apparatus. Transport Canada Building,Place deVille Tower C,21st Floor, When the hazard presented by the gas is other than respira- Ottawa, ON K1A ON5 Canada. tory, other appropriate protective equipment shall be pro- vided. Transportation of Dangerous Goods. 7-5.2 At least two employees who are trained in the use of self-contained breathing apparatus shall be available at all Appendix A Explanatory Material times the facility is ill use. Exceptionf Appendix A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document With the approval of the authority having jurisdiction, where a formal arrangement has been made, the requirements of 7-5.1 but is included for informational purposes only. This appendix con- and 7-5.2 shall be permitted to be met by other parties. tains explanatory material, numbered to correspond with the applica- ble text paragraphs. A-1-1.2(a) For regulations on the transportation of gases, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Parts 100 to 179 Chapter 8 Referenced Publications (Transportation) and Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations of Transport Canada. 8-1 The following documents or portions thereof are refer- A-1-1.2(d) For information on storage of medical gases at - enced within this standard as mandatory requirements and health care facilities see NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care shall be considered part of the requirements of this standard. Facilities. The edition indicated for each referenced mandatory docu- ment is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance A-1-1.2(e) In developing the standard, the committee did of this standard. Some of these mandatory documents might not consider applicability to portable containers of cryogenic also be referenced in this standard for specific informational liquids. The committee intends to expand the document in purposes and, therefore, are also listed in Appendix B. future editions to cover these containers. 8-1.1 NEPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- A-1-1.2(f) sFor information on systems of more than 20,000 tion, 1 Batterymarch Park,P.O.Box 9101,Quincy,MA 02269- scf(566 m ) of oxygen see NFPA 50, Standard for Bulk Oxygen t9101.ion, at Consumer Sites. For information on systems of more than 3000 scf(85 ms) of hydrogen see NFPA 50A, Standard NVPA 13,Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1996 .for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites.For information edition. on storage of more than 5000 scf (142 ms) of acetylene see NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen Fuel NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protec- Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. ... j tion, 1996 edition. A-1-1.2(h) For information on storage and use of more than l 735 lb (333 kg) water capacity [nominal 300 lb (136 kg) NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using propane] of liquefied flammable gas see NFPA 58, Liquefied Chemicals, 1996 edition. Petroleum Gas Code. NFPA 50A,Standard for Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer A-1-1.2(k) For information see NFPA 52, Standard for Com- Sites, 1994 edition. pressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems or NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code. NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen- A-1-2.2(1) The storage of gases outside of laboratory work Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, 1997 areas is covered by this standard. edition. A-1-4 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 1998 edition. does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, proce- dures,equipment,or materials;not-does it approve or evaluate NFPA 70, National Electrical Codd, 1996 edition. testing laboratories.In determining the acceptability of instal- -� lations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority ' NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with of Materials for Emergency Response, 1996 edition. NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may require evidence of proper in- stallation,procedure,or use.The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organi- 8-1.2.1 Government Publication. U.S.Government Printing zation that is concerned with product evaluations and is thus Office,710 North Capitol Street,NW,Washington,DC 20401. in a position to determine compliance with appropriate stand- sted items. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, "Hazard Communica- ards for the current production of lition," 1910.120 and 1910.1200. A-1-4 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad 8-1.2.2 ASME Publication. American Society of Mechanical manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary,as do Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the au- thority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or "Rules for the Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels," other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; Section VIII, Division 1, ASME Boiler &Pressure Vessel Code, fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor depart- 1986, and all addenda and errata thru 1988. ment, or health department; building official; electrical in- 1998 Edition APPENDIX A 55-11 Spector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance A-2-1.6.3 For additional information on storage of cylinder purposes,an insurance inspection department,rating bureau, gases see CGA Publication P-1,Safe Handling of Compressed Gas or other insurance company representative may be the author- in Containers. ity having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the A-3.1.1 Exception. See Odor Thresholds for Chemicals rurith Es- authority having jurisdiction;at government installations,the tablished Occupational Health Standards for an odor.threshold commanding officer or departmental official may be the au- rating of gases. thority having jurisdiction. A-2-1 See Table A-2-1(a) and Table A-2-1(b). A-3-3 Health 3 Storage Requirements. For chlorine cylin- 1ders,a kit specified by The Chlorine Institute,Inc.is available A-2-1.5 See Figure A-2-1.5. for this purpose. Table A-2-1(a) Nominal Capacities of Some Gas Cylinders Cylinder Size, Cylinder Nominal Capacity at 10%Overfill Pressure (scf) (length X diameter Pressure at in inches) DOT Specification 70°F Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Air Helium Hydrogen 51K x 32 3A/3AA-2015 2217 64 58 63 59 56 54 7 x 32 3A/3AA-2015 2217 92 85 92 86 81 79 7 x 43 3A/3AA-2015 2217 125 115- 125 117 110 107 7 x 43 3AA-2065 2492 141 128 140 130 122 119 7%a x 46 3AA-2015 2217 156 143 155 145 136 133 9 X 51 3A/3AA-2015 2217 251 230 250 233 219 215 9 x 51 3AA-2265 2492 282 255 280 260 244 239 9% X 55 3AA-2400 2640 337 304 336 310 291 284 Note: DOT permits compressed gas cylinders to be filled to 110%of rated service pressure when a"+"is stamped following the most recent test date. A-34 Leakage Mitigation. The requirement for a gas cabinet connected to a treatment system is an appropriate require- Table A-2-1(b) Nominal Capacities of Acetylene Cylinders ment at users' locations for handling leaking toxic gas cylin- ders containing gases with a health hazard rating of 4. User Cylinder Size Nominal Acetylene locations incorporate cylinders both in storage and in use, (length x diameter in inches) Capacity (scf) where the potential for leaks is greater than at gas manufactur- 4 x 12 10 ers' and distributors' storage locations for these gases. 6 x 19 40 At gas manufacturers'locations,the handling of these gases 7 x 25 78 is the main business,and the employees are thoroughly trained 8 x 30 130 in the properties and emergency handling of these products. 40 X 30 190 In fact,the majority of these locations actually house gas'sudppli- 101% x 32%, 275 ers' emergency response teams that respond to emergencies 12 x 37 300 at users' locations. 12 x 39 360 At these locations, based on the lower risk,of`leaks,and Note: Acetylene is not compressed in cylinders but is dissolved in a the more highly trained emergency response personnel, it is solvent inside the cylinder. Pressure is not a variable. appropriate to allow a containment device and other equip- ment to be used in lieu of a gas cabinet and treatment system to handle leaking toxic gas cylinders.With the on-site personnel Toxic capable of minimizing and controlling the initial stages of a leak from a cylinder in storage,the proximity of a containment (620.1m 60 fm) device within up to 2 hours from a storage location is consid- 20 ft' ered to be readily available because most leakage rates are (6.1 m) low and continue f'or many hours. 2.1 ft' (6.1 m) A-4-2 For information on labeling of compressed and lique- (60 fin) 20 ft' ' ' tied gas cylinders see CGA C-7,Guide to the Preparation of Precau- (6.1 20 m) tionary Labeling and Marking of Compressed Gas Containers. Oxidizing Flammable A-7-1.2 For information on reducing the hazards of'static Nonflammable—No separation required 20 ft' electricity see NFPA 77,Recommended Practice on Static Electricity, (6.1 m) A-7-3 See NFPA 70,Articles 700 and 701.' Pyrophoric A-7-4.4 If toxic gas leakage is emitted to the atmosphere, regulations of EPA and state and local environmental law can 'The 20-ft(6.1-m)distance may be reduced without limit when separated also apply. by a barrier of noncombustible materials at least 5 ft(1.5 m)high that has a fire resistant rating of at least Y2 hour. A-7-5.1 A safe area is one that is not likely to be immediately C affected by the release of toxic compressed gases in the area Figure A-2-1.5 Separation of gas cylinders by hazard. of concern. 1998 Edition 55-12 STORAGE,USE,AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES IN PORTABLE CYLINDERS Appendix B Referenced Publications NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, 1996 edition. B-1 The following documents or portions thereof are refer- B-1.2 Other Publications. enced within this standard for informational purposes onlyB-1.2.1 CGA Publications.attons. Compressed Gas Association, and are thus not considered part of the requirements of this Inc., 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,Arlington,VA 22202. standard unless also listed in Chapter 8.The edition indicated here for each reference is the current edition as of the date CGA P-1 1991,Safe Handlingof Compressed Gases in Containers. of the NFPA issuance of this standard. CGA C-7 1983, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Label- B-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa- ing and Marking of Compressed Gas Containers.., tion, 1 Batterymarch Park,P.O.Box 9101,Quincy,MA 02269- 9101. B-1.2.2 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office, 710 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, NFPA 50, Standard for Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites, DC 20401. 1996 edition. NFPA 50A,Standard far Gaseous Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Code of Federal Regulations,Title 49, Parts 100-1'79 and Parts 393 and 397. (Also available from the Association of American Sites, 194 edition. Railroads, American Railroads Building, 1920 L Street, NW, NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen- Washington, DC 20036 and American Trucking Association, Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, 1997 Inc., 2201 Mill Road.,Alexandria,VA 22314.) edition. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, "Hazard Communica- NFPA 52,Standard for Compressed Natural Gas(CNG)Vehicular tion," 1910.120 and 1910.1200. Fuel Systems, 1995 edition. B-1.2.3 AIHA Publication. American Industrial Hygiene As- NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 1998 edition. sociation, 2700 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 250, Fairfax, VA NFPA 70, National Electrical Codd, 1996 edition. 22031-4319. NFPA 77, Recommended Practice on Static Electricity, 1993 edi- Odor Thresholds for Chemicals with Established Occupational tion. Health Standards, 1989. Index © 1998 National Fire Protection Association.All Rights Reserved. The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document which it indexes.The licensing provisions set forth for 1. the document are not applicable to this index.This index may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means without the express written permission of the National Fire Protection Association,Inc. A Defective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Abslute pressure (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Alarms,(ru•e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2.2 to 7-2.3,7-3,A-7-3 Design and construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . 6-1 Alternate materials and procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Electrical circuits,exposure to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 Approved(definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4,A-1-4 Fire,exposed to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM(definition) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Markin I g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 to 4.3,A-4-2 Authority having jurisdiction (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4,A-1-4 Orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 Residual gas,containing . . . . . . . . 6-3 Securing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 -B- Separation by hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2-1.5,Fig.A-2-1.5 Breathing apparatus . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5.1,A-7-5.1 'Temperature limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10 -D- Cabinets,gas • . • . . . . . . . . 2-1.6.3 Cabinets . Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4,A-1-4 4' (a),7-4,A-7-4.4 fin FxemDetection systems quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1-1.2(a) y Toxic 3 2.1 to 3-2.3 Continuous gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1.1,A-3-1.1 gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CFR(defutition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :1 . . . . 1-4 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 CGA(defntition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2 to 7-3,A-7-3 Chlorin Distributors Chlorine.c3ltders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 to 3 3,A-3-3 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Compre ed gas cabinets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Cabinets,gas Compressed gas cylinders . . . . . . . See Cylinders,compressed gas Toxic gases at facilities of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4,A-34 Compressed gases (nonliquefied) Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Continmew gas detection system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1.1,A-3-1.1 _E- Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Electrical equipment and wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2.1.3,6-9,7-1.3 Cryogenic liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1.2(e),A-1-1.2(e) Emergency equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5,A-7-5.1 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Emergency plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Chap. 5 Cylipdr-rs,,compressed gas Enclosures,exhausted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . .3-2.1 to 3-2.3 Chlorine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2 to 3-3,A-3-3 Exempt quantities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1.2,Tables 1-1.2(a and b) # i` 1,9,98 Ec�i��an INDEX 55-13 Existing facilities,continued operation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Oxygen,storage of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1.4(b),2-1.6,A-2-1.6.3 Extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2.4 -P- -F Pyrophoric gases Fire,cylinders exposed to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Fire area(definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Protection of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2.1 Fire protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2,711.7 Flammable gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1.4 _ Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 -R - Referenced equipment and wiring in area of. . . . . . . . . . . 7-1.3 Referenced publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chap. 8,App. B General storage requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g cylinders. . . . . . . - Residuaa , linders containing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 As vehicle fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1.2(k),A-1-1.2(k) -S- -G- Safety precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chap. 7,A-7 Gas cabinets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Cabinets,gas Scf(definition). . . . . . . . 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas manufacturers Scope of standard. . . . . . . . . . . 1-1,A-1-1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Separation of cylinders by hazard. . . . . . . Table 2-1.5,Fig.A-2-1.5 Toxic gases at facilities of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4,A-3-4 Shall (definition) . 1-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See specific gases such as Toxic gases Signs,warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1,2 Smoke detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2.3 Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2.1.4,7-1.1 -H- Spill control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1.6.3(b) Handling(definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . 2-2.2.1 to 2-2.2.2,2-2.3.2,7-2.1,7-4.7 Hazard identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Standard(definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Hazard rating(definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Standby power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3,A-7-3 Hazard warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chap. 4,A-4-2 Static electricity 7-1.2,A-7-1.2 Health 3 storage requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3,A-3-3 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chap. 2,A-2 Health 4 storage requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 General requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1,A-2-1,A-2-1.5 Indoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see Indoor storage I_ Outdoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1.6.1, 3-1.4 Ignition source control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1,A-7-1.2 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1.6.2 Flammable gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 -T- Toxic gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1.1 to 3-1.3,A-3-1.1' Temperature limits,cylinder exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10 Toxic gases Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 General storage requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1.5,A-2-1.5 Labels Manufacturer's facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4,A-3-4 . . . . 7-4.1 Compressed gas cabinets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Protection of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2.1Specific storage requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1,A-3-1.1 4-2 Cylinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to 4-3,A-3-4 User locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2,3-3,A-3-3 Leakage mitigation . tiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4,A-3-4 Ventilation systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1.2 to 3-1.3 Leaking cylinders,handling of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. . . 3-3 Training,personnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Limited-combustible (definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Liquefied gases(definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Treatment systems (definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 -M- -U- Manufacturers,gas Use (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 —_, Users Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toxic gases at facilities of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4,A-3-4 Locations storing toxic gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2 to 3-3,A-3-3 Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) (definition) . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Medical gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1.2(d),A-1-1.2(d) -V- Valves N Outlet caps and plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1.5,6-5 Nesting(definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Nonflammable gases (definition) . 111 Protection devices 3-1.5 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Protective caps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1.5,64 -O- Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Open flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2.1.4, 7-1.1 Ventilation systems OSHA(definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Compressed gas cabinets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .711.4,A7-4.4 Outdoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1.6.1, 3-1.4 Flammable gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2.2.3,2-2.3.3 Oxidizing gases (definition). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Toxic gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1.2 to 3-1.3,3-2.1 to 3-2.3 FP 1998 Edition i i {