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ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
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4115 Watertown Road
Hennepin County MN
Wetland Classification, Identification, and
Delineation Report
Prepared for:
Mike Dyer
By:
Svoboda Ecological Resources
Project Number 2012-001
05/09/2012
The contents and format of this report are considered intellectual property and
are subject to copyright restrictions and may not be reproduced without
the express permission of Svoboda Ecological Resources.
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
METHODS..................................................................................................................................................1
RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................................................4
RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................................4
CERTIFICATION......................................................................................................................................6
DATASOURCES.......................................................................................................................................7
LITERATUREREFERENCED................................................................................................................8
FIGURES:
Figure 1: Site Location Overlaid on Topographic Map
Figure 2: National Wetlands Inventory
Figure 3: Web Soil Survey-Hennepin County
Figure 4: DNR-Public Waters Map
Figure 5: Approximate Wetland Boundary and Sample Transect Location
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS:
Photo Log
Field Data Sheets
Plant Indicator Status
Soil Series Data
Wetland Definition
ABSTRACT
Svoboda Ecological Resources (SER) visited the above referenced property on 4123/2012 to
examine the site for the presence of areas meeting wetland criteria. The study parcel is located
in the city of Orono, MN in Hennepin County (Figure 1). Three wetland boundaries were
delineated at this site. Six sample transects were established along the boundaries in order to
characterize the soil, vegetation, and existing hydrology within the wetland-to-upland transition
zone.
INTRODUCTION
The subject parcel is approximately 6.1 acres and is dominated by graminoids and early
successional woody vegetation. The topography of the site is at its highest elevation in the
northeast corner of the property, with low lying areas in the far western and southern reaches.
The surrounding land use is primarily residential. The identified wetlands were classified
according to the Cowardin et al., the Circular 39 and the Eggers and Reed classification systems
and marked with pink "Wetland Delineation" pin flags. The wetland boundaries were surveyed
by Gronberg and Associates. The Technical Documents section of this report contains field data
sheets, plant indicator status information, soil survey information, and wetland defmition
information.
METHODS
The methods used to delineate the subject parcel are as described in the 1987 US Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and the 2010 Midwest Regional Supplement Manual. In
the 1987 Manual, the methods used were described under the "routine" methods for sites less
than 5 acres. This methodology is followed in order to assess whether the three parameters of a
wetland are met for areas on the subject parcel. The three parameters required under normal
circumstances in order to delineate a wetland are described in the Technical Documents section.
The Midwest Regional Supplement Wetland Delineation Manual is also being utilized to
increase the accuracy of our wetland boundaries. This addendum to the original 87 Manual was
created to address the many regional differences that affect wetlands and the delineation methods
used throughout the country. The following explanations are passages from that document.
"This Regional Supplement is part of a nationwide effort to address regional
wetland characteristics and improve the accuracy and efficiency of wetland-
delineation procedures. Regional differences in climate, geology, soils,
hydrology plant and animal communities, and other factors are important to the
identification and functioning of wetlands. These differences cannot be
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 1 Orono MN
considered adequately in a single national manual. The development of this
supplement follows National Academy of Sciences recommendations to increase
the regional sensitivity of wetland-delineation methods (National Research
Council 1995).The intent of this supplement is to bring the Corps Manual up to
date with current knowledge and practice in the region and not to change
wetland boundaries." "...This Regional Supplement is designed for use with the
current version of the Corps Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and all
subsequent versions. Where differences in the two documents occur, this
Regional Supplement takes precedence over the Corps Manual for applications
in the Midwest Region."
National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps (Figure 2), Web Soil Survey of Hennepin County map
(Figure 3), Minnesota Public Waters Inventory maps (Figure 4), and 2010 aerial photographs
were reviewed prior to the site visit to identify areas that may be wetlands. Areas illustrating
evidence of wetland conditions were examined in greater detail during the field survey.
Vegetation, soils and hydrology were examined (as outlined in the 1987 Manual) and used to
characterize wetland types and determine wetland boundaries. Sample transects were established
in representative wetland-to-upland transition zones in order to characterize the vegetation, soils,
and hydrology of the site. Transects consist of a representative upland sample point and
representative wetland sample point. Information obtained at the sample points can be found on
the field data sheets located in the Technical Documents section.
Wetland boundaries were marked at the site by pink "Wetland Delineation" pin flags. The
wetland boundary is considered to be the topographically highest extent of the wetland basin;
areas below the staked boundary met the three required wetland criteria while areas above were
lacking in one or more of these criteria. Wetlands were classified in accordance with methods
described by Cowardin et al. (1979) and used in the NWI (e.g. PEMB, PSS1C, etc.), completed
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Circular 39 and Eggers and Reed classification
systems are also given. The indicator status of plants, as described in the Technical Documents
section, was determined using the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands —
Region 3 (Sabine 1999).
RESULTS
The National Wetland Inventory indicates the presence of two wetlands within the study area
(Figure 2). The first is classified PEMC,the second PEMCd.
The Web Soil Survey of Hennepin County(Figure 3) identifies five soil map units present on the
subject property. They are as follows: Hamel — overwash Hamel complex, Lester — Kilkenny
complex, Angus — Kilkenny complex, Klossner soils, and Blue Earth & Houghton soils. Of
these, the Klossner and Blue Earth & Houghton soils are considered all hydric. The remainder
are classified as partially hydric. Soil series descriptions are provided in the Technical
Documents section.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 2 Orono MN
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, State Protected Waters Map (Public Water
Inventory) indicates no public waters within the study area(Figure 4).
Site Visit
SER ecologists examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria
during the site visit. Three areas meeting the jurisdictional criteria of a wetland were flagged, and
boundaries were determined and delineated. The approximate wetland boundary is outlined in
yellow(Figure 5).
Wetland 1 is a Type 2, PEMB, Fresh Wet Meadow. The vegetation at this site was a monoculture
of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea, FACW). The transition to upland is marked by a
distinct shift in plant communities, with common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, FAC) and
tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica, FACU) dominant in the shrub layer and Kentucky
bluegrass(Poa pratensis, FAC)dominant in the herb layer.
Wetland 2 is a Type 2, PEMB, Sedge Meadow. Cottonwood (Populus deltoides, FAC) was
present in the canopy layer with a dense layer of tussock sedge (Carex stricta, OBL) and reed
canary grass below in the herb layer. The upland vegetation is characterized by American elm
(Ulmus americana, FACW) in the canopy with common buckthorn dominant in the shrub and
herb layers.
Wetland 3 is a Type IL, PFO 1 A, Lowland Hardwood Forest. This sample point had a thick
canopy layer consisting of American elm, green ash(Fraxinus pennsylvanica, FACW) and black
willow (Salix nigra, OBL). Once again reed canary grass was dominant in the herb layer. The
upland vegetation was characterized by an increased density of common buckthorn.
The soils at sample point 1-1 UP consisted of 20 inches of 10yr 2/1 clay loam with another 8
inches of 2.5y 6/2 clay matrix (95%) with 5% 7.5yr 4/6 matrix concentrations. Hydric indicator
Al2 (Thick Dark Surface) was present. At sample point 1-1 WET there was 24 inches of 10yr
2/1 clay loam. From 24 to 28 inches was 2.5y 6/2 clay matrix (95%) with 5% 7.5yr 4/6 matrix
concentrations. Hydric indicator Al2 was present at this sample point as well.
Soils at sample point 2-1 UP consisted of 20 inches of 10yr 3/2 clay loam. The soils at sample
point 2-1 WET consisted of 30 inches of 10yr 2/1 silt loam, then 6 inches of 2.5y 6/2 clay matrix
(95%)with 5% 7.5yr 4/6 matrix concentrations. Hydric indicator Al2 was present.
Soils at sample point 3-1 UP consisted of 18 inches of 10yr 2/1 clay loam. From 18 to 24 inches
was 10yr 4/1 clay loam, and from 24 to 28 inches was 2.5y 6/2 clay loam matrix with 5% 7.5yr
4/6 matrix concentrations. Hydric indicator Al2 was present. Soils at sample point 3-1 WET
consisted of 30 inches of 10yr 2/1 silt loam. From 30 to 36 inches was 2.5y 6/2 clay matrix
(95%)with 5% 7.5yr 4/6 matrix concentrations. Hydric indicator Al2 was present.
Wetland hydrology was observed at all wetland sample points. At point 1-1 WET indicators A2
(High Water Table), A3 (Saturation), D2 (Geomorphic Position), and D5 (FAC-Neutral Test)
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 3 Orono MN
were found. The same set of indicators were found at points 2-1 WET and 3-1 WET.
Detailed soils, vegetation, and hydrology data for the delineated jurisdictional wetlands are
provided in the data sheets of the Technical Documents section.
DISCUSSION
SER completed all on-site delineations based on the three required technical criteria as outlined
by the 1987 Manual: the presence of hydric soils, a predominance of hydrophytic vegetation,
and indicators of wetland hydrology in each basin. The site visit portion of the wetland
delineation was completed on 4/23/2012.
SER personnel examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria
during the site visit and delineated the edge of two basins as being jurisdictional wetlands
(Figure 5). Detailed soils, vegetation and hydrology data is provided in the data sheets of the
Technical Documents section. A set of figures is provided in the Figures section.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Activities that impact or could potentially impact wetlands are regulated at several levels of
government. In Minnesota, the two primary jurisdictions are covered at the state and federal
levels by the provisions of the following legislative actions.
➢ State jurisdiction by the Wetland Conservation Act of 1991 (WCA) administered
by the WCA Local Governmental Unit(LGU).
➢ Federal jurisdiction by the Clean Water Act of 1972 and subsequent amendments.
Wetland protection is implemented by the Corps of Engineers(Corps)with permit
certification issued by the Environmental Protection Agency.
While the wetland boundaries that SER has delineated are not official until approved by a WCA
approved local government unit (LGU), SER advises the property owner/developer to refrain
from any filling, draining, or excavating, or any impact to the area SER has delineated as
wetland. No grading or filling in wetland basins should commence until all necessary permits
have been obtained. Violation of wetland regulations may result in substantial civil and criminal
penalties. Local ordinances may regulate wetland modifications such as brush and tree removal
and burning in addition to grading and filling. Depending on the location of the property,buffers
around the wetland may also be protected. Any activities in the proximity of the wetland should
be cleared with appropriate WCA regulatory agencies. It is also advisable to have the wetland
boundary surveyed by a licensed land surveyor. Since the pin flags used along the boundary can
be vandalized or inadvertently knocked over, a GPS survey of the flags will assure the
permanence of the boundary. The client should also be aware that approved wetland boundaries
are typically valid for only three years from the date of approval.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 4 Orono MN
To avoid project delays associated with wetland regulations, it is essential that you acquire
necessary permits from all jurisdictional agencies before initiating activities. A WCA
Sequencing form, a WCA and Army Corps of Engineers Replacement Plan Application form,
and a DNR permit application are among the materials that you may be required to submit if
impacts are proposed for the delineated wetlands. By initiating the permit process as soon as
possible,potential costly delays to the project may be avoided.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 5 Orono MN
CERTIFICATION
Frank Svoboda completed the above-described delineation on 4/23/2012. This delineation was
performed according to the procedures described by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the
1987 Wetlands Delineation Manual and the 2010 Midwest Region Supplement Wetland
Delineation Manual. The delineation meets the standards and a criterion described in these
manuals and conforms to the applicable standards and regulations in force at the time the
delineation was completed.
Report and graphics were prepared by David Haar(Wetland Ecologist UGIS Specialist) on this
day 05/09/2012. The wetland delineation was completed initially by Brian Burgner during the
winter season based on visible vegetation and verified by a spring field visit by Ben Carlson at
which time growing plants were documented and soil samples obtained.. The delineation report
was reviewed by Frank Svoboda, President of Svoboda Ecological Resources.
Client: Mike Dyer
Project Name: 4115 Watertown Road
Project No.: 2012-001
Location: Orono MN
Wetland Ecologist UGIS Specialist
d
President, Svoboda Ecological Resources
05/09/2012
Date
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 6 Orono MN
DATA SOURCES
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Public Waters Inventory Basin Delineations,
Published 7/31/2008 and retrieved from http://deli.dnr.state.mn.us
United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory Map. Retrieved from
http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html on 05/09/2012.
2007 Aerial Color Photos. Publicly Distributed by Bing Maps.
Topographic maps obtained via the National Geographic Society's USA Topo service through
ESRI.
Web Soil Survey for Hennepin County, MN. Retrieved from
http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 7 Orono MN
LITERATURE REFERENCED
Cowardin, L.M.,V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and R.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31.
103pp.
Eggers, Steve D. and Donald M. Reed. 1997. Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of
Minnesota and Wisconsin. US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District. 263pp,unclassified.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1,US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Gleason, H.A. and A.C. Cronquist. 1991.Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United
States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden,Bronx. 91 Opp.
Sabine, B. J. 1999.National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands:Region 3—North
Central(Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin). Resource
Management Group, Inc. 77pp.
Shaw, S.P., and C.G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlands of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Circular 39. 67pp.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. August 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers
Wetland Delineation Manual: Midwest Region(Version 2.0). ERDC/EL TR-10-16. Vicksburg,
MS: US Army Engineer Research and Development Center.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 4115 Watertown Road
Project Number: 2012-001 8 Orono MN
FIGURES
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THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Field Data Sheets
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
Project/Site 4115 Watertown Road City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 4/23/2012
Applicant/Owner: Mike Dyer State: MN Sampling Point: 1-1 Up
Investigator(s): BPC Section,Township,Range: SE 1/4 Sec.31,T1 18N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Slope Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): 2 Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name Hamel VWI Classification: None
Are climaticthydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? Y (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation soil or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation soil or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? N
Hydric soil present? Y Is the sampled area within a wetlarn N
Wetland hydrology present? N f yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator Dominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 2 (A)
2 Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 4 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 50.00% (A/B)
0 =Total Cover
Sapling/Shrub straturr (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Rhamnus cathartica 50 Y FAC Total%Cover of-
2 Lonicera tatarica 20 Y FACU OBL species 0 x 1 = 0
3 FACW species 0 x2= 0
4 FAC species 130 x 3= 390
5 FACU species 55 x4= 220
70 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 185 (A) 610 (B)
1 Poa pratensis 80 Y FAC Prevalence Index=B/A= 3.30
2 Taraxacum ofBcinale 25 Y FACU
3 Solidago canadensis 10 N FACU Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 _Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 _Dominance test is>50%
6 _Prevalence index is 53.0*
7 Morphogical adaptations*(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 _separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation*
115 =Total Cover _(explain)
Woody vine stratum (Plot size: 15' )
*Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 Hydrophytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? N
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: 1-1 Up
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type* Loc** Texture Remarks
0-20 10YR 2/1 100 Clay loam
20-28 2.5Y 6/2 95 7.5YR 4/6 5 C M Clay
*Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. **Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
_Histisol(Al) _Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
Histic Epipedon(A2) _Sandy Redox(S5) Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
_Black Histic(A3) _Stripped Matrix(S6) _5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
_Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) _Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
_Stratified Layers(A5) _Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) _Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF1 2)
2 cm Muck(A10) _Depleted Matrix(F3) _Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) _Redox Dark Surface(F6)
X Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
_Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3) problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? Y
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that aaoly) Secondary Indicators minimum of two required
Surface Water(Al) _Aquatic Fauna(1313) _Surface Soil Cracks(66)
High Water Table(A2) _True Aquatic Plants(1314) _Drainage Patterns(1310)
Saturation(A3) Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(131) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots_Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(132) (C3) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(133) _Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _Stunted or Stressed Plants(131)
Algal Mat or Crust(134) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils _Geomorphic Position(132)
Iron Deposits(135) (C6) _FAC-Neutral Test(135)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(137) _Thin Muck Surface(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(138) _Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) _Other(Explain in Remarks)
FieldObservations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Wetland
Water table present? Yes No Depth(inches): hydrology
Saturation present? Yes —� No Depth(inches): �� present? N
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
Project/Site 4115 Watertown Road City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 4/23/2012
Applicant/Owner: Mike Dyer State: MN Sampling Point: 1-1 Wet
Investigator(s): BPC Section,Township,Range: SE 1/4 Sec.31,T1 18N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Basin Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): 1 Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name Hamel VWI Classification: PEMCd
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? Y (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation soil or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation soil or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? Y Is the sampled area within a wetlarn Y
Wetland hydrology present? Y f yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator Dominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 1 (A)
2 Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 1 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100.00% (A/B)
0 =Total Cover
Saolina/Shrub straturr (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Total%Cover of:
2 OBL species 0 x 1 = 0
3 FACW species 100 x 2= 200
4 FAC species 0 x 3= 0
5 FACU species 0 x4= 0
0 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 100 (A) 200 (B)
1 Phalaris arundinacea 100 Y FACW Prevalence Index=B/A= 2.00
2
3 Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 _Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 X Dominance testis>50%
6 X Prevalence index is 53.0"
7 Morphogical adaptations"(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 _separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation`
100 =Total Cover _(explain)
Woody vine stratum (Plot size: 15' ) 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 Hydrophytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: 1-1 Wet
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type* Loc** Texture Remarks
0-24 10YR 2/1 100 Clay loam
24-28 2.5Y 6/2 95 7.5YR 4/6 5 C M Clay
*Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. **Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
_Histisol(Al) _Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
_Histic Epipedon(A2) _Sandy Redox(S5) _Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
_Black Histic(A3) _Stripped Matrix(S6) _5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
_Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
_Stratified Layers(A5) _Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) _Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF1 2)
_2 cm Muck(A10) _Depleted Matrix(F3) _Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) _Redox Dark Surface(F6)
X Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
_Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3) problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? Y
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that aooly) Secondary Indicators minimum of two required
Surface Water(Al) _Aquatic Fauna(1313) _Surface Soil Cracks(66)
X High Water Table(A2) _True Aquatic Plants(1314) _Drainage Patterns(610)
X Saturation(A3) _Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(C1) _Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(61) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots_Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(62) (C3) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(B3) _Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(134) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils X Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(135) (C6) X FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(137) _Thin Muck Surface(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(138) _Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(139) _Other(Explain in Remarks)
FieldObservations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Wetland
Water table present? Yes X No Depth(inches): 2 hydrology
Saturation present? Yes --7— No Depth(inches): present? Y
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM -Midwest Region
Project/Site 4115 Watertown Road City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 4/23/2012
Applicant/Owner: Mike Dyer State: MN Sampling Point: 2-1 Up
Investigator(s): BPC Section,Township,Range: SE 1/4 Sec.31,T1 18N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Slope Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): 2 Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name Hamel VWI Classification: None
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? Y (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation soil or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation soil or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? N Is the sampled area within a wetlarn N
Wetland hydrology present? N f yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator Dominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 Ulmus americana 20 Y FACW that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 3 (A)
2 Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 4 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 75.00% (A/B)
20 =Total Cover
Sapling/Shrub straturr (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Rhamnus cathartica 50 Y FAC Total%Cover of.
2 Prunus americana 20 Y UPL OBL species 0 x 1 = 0
3 FACW species 20 x 2= 40
4 FAC species 100 x 3= 300
5 FACU species 0 x4= 0
70 =Total Cover UPL species 20 x5= 100
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 140 (A) 440 (B)
1 Rhamnus cathartica 50 Y FAC Prevalence Index=B/A= 3.14
2
3 Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 _Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 X Dominance test is>50%
6 _Prevalence index is 53.0*
7 Morphogical adaptations*(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 _separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation*
50 =Total Cover _(explain)
Woody vine stratum (Plot size: 15' ) *Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 Hydrophytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: 2-1 Up
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type* Loc** Texture Remarks
0-20 10YR 3/2 100 Clay loam
*Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. **Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
_Histisol(Al) _Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
_Histic Epipedon(A2) _Sandy Redox(S5) _Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
_Black Histic(A3) _Stripped Matrix(S6) 5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
_Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) _Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
_Stratified Layers(A5) _Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) _Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF1 2)
_2 cm Muck(A10) _Depleted Matrix(F3) _Other(explain in remarks)
_Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) _Redox Dark Surface(F6)
_Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
_Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3) problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? N
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that apply) Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required
Surface Water(Al) _Aquatic Fauna(613) _Surface Soil Cracks(66)
High Water Table(A2) _True Aquatic Plants(614) _Drainage Patterns(1310)
Saturation(A3) _Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) _Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(131) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots_Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(132) (C3) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(133) _Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(64) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils _Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(65) (C6) _FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(137) _Thin Muck Surface(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(68) _Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(139) _Other(Explain in Remarks)
FieldObservations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Wetland
Water table present? Yes No X Depth(inches): hydrology
Saturation present? Yes No 7—Depth(inches): present? N
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
Project/Site 4115 Watertown Road City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 4/23/2012
Applicant/Owner: Mike Dyer State: MN Sampling Point: 2-1 Wet
Investigator(s): BPC Section,Township,Range: SE 1/4 Sec.31,T1 18N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Basin Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): 1 Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name Hamel VWI Classification: PEMC
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? Y (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation soil or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation soil or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? Y Is the sampled area within a wetlam Y
Wetland hydrology present? Y f yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator Dominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 Populus deltoides 20 Y FAC that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 3 (A)
2 Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 3 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100.00% (A/B)
20 =Total Cover
Sapling/Shrub straturr (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Total%Cover of:
2 OBL species 70 x 1 = 70
3 FACW species 40 x2= 80
4 FAC species 20 x 3= 60
5 FACU species 0 x4= 0
0 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 130 (A) 210 (B)
1 Carex stricta 70 Y OBL Prevalence Index=B/A= 1.62
2 Phalaris arundinacea 40 Y FACW
3 Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 _Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 X Dominance test is>50%
6 X Prevalence index is 53.0*
7 Morphogical adaptations*(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 —separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation*
110 =Total Cover _(explain)
Woody vine stratum (Plot size: 15' ) 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 Hydrophytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: 2-1 Wet
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type' Loc" Texture Remarks
0-30 10YR 2/1 100 Silt loam
30-36 2.5Y 6/2 95 7.5YR 4/6 5 C M Clay
'Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. "Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
_Histisol(Al) _Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
_Histic Epipedon(A2) _Sandy Redox(S5) Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
_Black Histic(A3) _Stripped Matrix(S6) _5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
_Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) _Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
_Stratified Layers(A5) _Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) _Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
2 cm Muck(A10) _Depleted Matrix(F3) _Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) _Redox Dark Surface(F6)
X Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _Depleted Dark Surface(F7) `Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
_Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3) problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? Y
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that apply) Secondary Indicators minimum of two re uired
Surface Water(Al) Aquatic Fauna(613) _Surface Soil Cracks(66)
High Water Table(A2) _True Aquatic Plants(614) _Drainage Patterns(610)
Saturation(A3) _Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(61) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots_Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(B2) (C3) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(63) _Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(64) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils X Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(65) (C6) X FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(137) _Thin Muck Surface(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8) _Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) _Other(Explain in Remarks)
FieldObservations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Wetland
Water table present? Yes X No Depth(inches): 2 hydrology
Saturation present? Yes ---7_- No Depth(inches): —� present? Y
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
Project/Site 4115 Watertown Road City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 4/23/2012
Applicant/Owner: Mike Dyer State: MN Sampling Point: 3-1 Up
Investigator(s): BPC Section,Township,Range: SE 1/4 Sec.31,T1 18N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Slope Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): 2 Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name Angus VWI Classification: None
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? Y (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation soil or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation soil or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? Y Is the sampled area within a wetlarn N
Wetland hydrology present? N f yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator Dominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 Ulmus americana 30 Y FACW that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 4 (A)
2 Acer negundo 20 Y FACW Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 4 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100.00% (A/B)
50 =Total Cover
Sapling/Shrub straturr (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Rhamnus cathartica 50 Y FAC Total%Cover of-
2 OBL species 0 x 1 = 0
3 FACW species 50 x 2= 100
4 FAC species 80 x 3= 240
5 FACU species 0 x4= 0
50 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 130 (A) 340 (B)
1 Rhamnus cathartica 30 Y FAC Prevalence Index=B/A= 2.62
2
3 Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 _Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 X Dominance test is>50%
6 X Prevalence index is 53.0"
7 Morphogical adaptations'(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 —separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation'
30 =Total Cover _(explain)
Woody vine stratum (Plot size: 15' ) *Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 Hydrophytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: 3-1 Up
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type* Loc** Texture Remarks
0-18 10YR 2/1 100 Clay loam
18-24 10YR 4/1 100 Clay loam
24-28 2.5Y 6/2 95 7.5YR 4/6 5 C M Clay loam
*Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. `*Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
_Histisol(Al) _Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) —Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
_Histic Epipedon(A2) _Sandy Redox(S5) _Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
_Black Histic(A3) _Stripped Matrix(S6) _5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
_Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) _Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
_Stratified Layers(A5) _Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) _Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
_2 cm Muck(A10) _Depleted Matrix(F3) —Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) _Redox Dark Surface(F6)
X Thick Dark Surface(Al2) Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
_Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3) problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? Y
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that apply) Secondary Indicators(minimum of two re uired
Surface Water(Al) Aquatic Fauna(613) _Surface Soil Cracks(66)
High Water Table(A2) _True Aquatic Plants(1314) _Drainage Patterns(1310)
Saturation(A3) _Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(C1) _Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(B1) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots_Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(62) (C3) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(63) _Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) _Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(64) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(135) _(C6) X FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(67) _Thin Muck Surface(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(88) _Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(139) _Other(Explain in Remarks)
FieldObservations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Wetland
Water table present? Yes No X Depth(inches): hydrology
Saturation present? Yes ___7— No Depth(inches): — present? N
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
Project/Site 4115 Watertown Road City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 4/23/2012
Applicant/Owner: Mike Dyer State: MN Sampling Point: 3-1 Wet
Investigator(s): BPC Section,Township,Range: SE 1/4 Sec.31,T1 18N,R23W
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Basin Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave
Slope(%): 1 Lat: Long: Datum:
Soil Map Unit Name Angus VWI Classification: None
Are climaticthydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? Y (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation soil or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation soil or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? Y Is the sampled area within a wetlarn Y
Wetland hydrology present? Y f yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator Dominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 Ulmus americana 20 Y FACW that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 5 (A)
2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 20 Y FACW Total Number of Dominant
3 Salix nigra 20 Y OBL Species Across all Strata: 5 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100.00% (A/B)
60 =Total Cover
Sapling/Shrub straturr (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Rhamnus cathartica FAC Total%Cover of:
2 OBL species 30 x 1 = 30
3 FACW species 70 x 2= 140
4 FAC species 5 x 3= 15
5 FACU species 0 x4= 0
0 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 105 (A) 185 (B)
1 Phalaris arundinacea 30 Y FACW Prevalence Index=B/A= 1.76
2 Carex stricta 10 Y OBL
3 Rhamnus cathartica 5 N FAC Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 _Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 X Dominance test is>50%
6 X Prevalence index is s3.0*
7 Morphogical adaptations*(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 —separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation*
45 =Total Cover _(explain)
Woody vine stratum (Plot size: 15' ) 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 Hydrophytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: 3-1 Wet
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type* Loc** Texture Remarks
0-30 10YR 2/1 100 Silt loam
30-36 2.5Y 6/2 95 7.5YR 4/6 5 C M Clay
*Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. **Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
_Histisol(Al) _Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) _Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
_Histic Epipedon(A2) _Sandy Redox(S5) Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
_Black Histic(A3) _Stripped Matrix(S6) _5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
_Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) _Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) _Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
_Stratified Layers(A5) _Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) _Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF1 2)
_2 cm Muck(A10) _Depleted Matrix(F3) _Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(All 1) _Redox Dark Surface(F6)
X Thick Dark Surface(Al2) _Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
_Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) _Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3) problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? Y
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that aooly) Secondary Indicators minimum of two re uired
Surface Water(Al) Aquatic Fauna(613) _Surface Soil Cracks(136)
High Water Table(A2) _True Aquatic Plants(1314) _Drainage Patterns(B10)
X Saturation(A3) _Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) _Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(B1) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots_Crayfish Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(62) (C3) _Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(133) _Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(134) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils X Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(135) (C6) X FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(67) _Thin Muck Surface(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(138) _Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(139) —Other(Explain in Remarks)
FieldObservations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Wetland
Water table present? Yes —C� No Depth(inches): 2 hydrology
Saturation present? Yes —$� No Depth(inches): present? Y
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Plant Indicator Status
INDICATOR CATEGORIES*
Obligate Wetland(OBL)—Occur almost always (estimated probability>99%) under natural
conditions in wetlands.
Facultative Wetland (FACW)—Usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%),
but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
Facultative(FAC)—Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability
34%-66%).
Facultative Upland(FACU)—Usually occur in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-
99%),but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33916).
Obligate Upland (UPL)—Occur in wetlands in another region,but occur almost always
(estimated probability>9991o) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the region specified. If
a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List.
*Reed, P.B. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: Minnesota. National
Wetlands Inventory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Petersburg, Florida.
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Soil Series Descriptions
Acquired from Natural Resource Conservation Service Website,Official Soil Series Descriptions
ANGUS SERIES
The Angus series consists of very deep,well drained soils formed in calcareous loamy glacial till on
moraines and till plains.Permeability is moderate.Slopes range from 2 to 5 percent.Mean annual
precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive,mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Angus loam with a convex slope of about 5 percent on a ground
moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 8 inches; black(IOYR 2/1)loam, dark grayish brown(IOYR 4/2)dry;weak fine
granular structure; friable;many very fine roots; about 2 percent gravel;neutral; abrupt
smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--8 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown(IOYR 4/4)clay loam; moderate medium
angular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown(IOYR 4/3)clay films on ped
interiors; many very fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
Bt2--23 to 35 inches;brown(IOYR 4/3)clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; firm; common faint very dark grayish brown(IOYR 3/2)clay films on faces of
peds and root channels; common very fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid;
clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 15 to 40 inches)
BC--35 to 40 inches; brown(1 OYR 5/3)clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; few faint brown(IOYR 4/3)clay films in root channels; about 4 percent
gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches
thick)
C-40 to 80 inches;brown(IOYR 5/3) loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct
grayish brown(2.5Y 5/2) Fe depletion and common medium distinct yellowish brown
(IOYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 7 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly
alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 1 mile south of Montrose, 200
feet north and 80 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 1,T. 118 N.,R. 26 W.;USGS
Waverly quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 03 minutes 20 seconds N.; long. 93 degrees 54
minutes 38 seconds W.,NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free calcium carbonates ranges from 24
to 54 inches. Rock fragments of mixed lithology comprise 2 to 8 percent of the volume
throughout. Soil saturation occurs in the lower third of the series control section for
periods of one month or more. These soils are dry for more than 60 days in the soil
moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice. The clay
content ranges from 22 to 30 percent and the sand content ranges from 30 to 45 percent
throughout.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of l OYR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is
typically loam or clay loam,but silt loam, sandy loam and fine sandy loam are within the
range. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a E horizon with hue of l OYR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3.
It is loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of l OYR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay
loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. Redoximorphic features are present in the lower part of
the Bt horizon in some pedons. The B/A clay ratios range from 1.2 to 1.4 . It is strongly
acid to slightly acid in the upper part and moderately acid to neutral in the lower part.
A Bk horizon is present in some pedons.
The BC horizon has soil color and textures similar to the Bt and C horizon respectively.
Clay films are on ped faces or root channels. The reaction is slightly acid to slightly
alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or l OYR,value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 5. It is loam
or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Redox depletions with chroma
of 2 or less are in this horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Argyle, Baltimore, Bassett, Blooming, Caleb,
Dowagiac, Dunbridge, Gara, Koronis, Lauramie, Lester, Longlois, Lydick, Mohawk,
Neda,Newcomer, Oneco, Orwood, Racine, Razort, Sebbo, Taovi, Waucoma, and
Winneshiek soils. The Argyle, Baltimore, Blooming, Gara Koronis, Lester, Lydick,
Mohawk, Razort and Taopi soils do not have soil saturation in the lower third of the
series control section for more than 1 consecutive month. The Bassett, Caleb, Orwood,
and Sebbo soils do not have free carbonates above a depth of 48 inches. Dowagiac soils
have sandy outwash sediments with less than 10 percent clay in the lower third of the
series control section. Dunbridge and Winneshiek soils have sola terminated by limestone
bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Lauramie soils are dry in some parts of the soil
moisture control section for less than 60 days during the 120 days following the summer
solstice. Longlois soils have 15 to 60 percent rock fragments in the lower half of the
series control section.Neda and Racine soils have less than 30 percent sand in the upper
one fourth of the series control section.Newcomer, Oneco and Waucoma soils have sola
terminated by a lithic contact at depths of 40 to 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on moraines or till plains.
Slopes range from 2 to 5 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till of late
Wisconsin Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F. Mean
annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free days range from 125 to 165.
Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These includes the Cordova, Dundas,
Glencoe, Hamel, Hou ton, Klossner, and Le Sueur soils which formed in similar parent
materials. Poorly drained Cordova and Dundas soils are on flats and upper drainageways.
Very poorly drained Glencoe soils are in depressions and drainage channels. Poorly
drained Hamel soils are on footslopes or toeslopes. Very poorly drained Houghton and
Klossner soils are organic and are in depressions. Moderately well drained Le Sueur soils
are on slightly elevated flats and less sloping area.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff
is low. A seasonal high apparent water table is at 3.5 to 6 feet during March to June in
most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is
mixed prairie grasses and deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central and east-central Minnesota and
possibly northeastern Iowa. Moderate extent. MLRA-103.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul,Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Meeker County,Minnesota, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic
subgroup-the zone from the surface to a depth of 8 inches(Ap horizon); argillic horizon
-the zone from 8 to 35 inches(Bt horizons); This soil was previously included in the
Lester series. However, due to more investigations, it was concluded that Lester soils on
a slope of 2 to 5 percent have seasonal high water table between 3.5 and 6 feet rather than
6 feet or greater.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record number MN0830.
BLUE EARTH SERIES
The Blue Earth series consists of very deep,very poorly drained soils that formed in coprogenous earth in
postglacial lakes and flood plains.Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent.Mean annual precipitation is about 711
mm(28 inches).Mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C(48 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty,mixed, superactive,calcareous,mesic Mollic
Fluvaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Blue Earth mucky silty clay loam with a plane level slope in the
bottom of a former postglacial lake; cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless
otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 25 cm(0 to 10 inches);black(I OYR 2/1)mucky silty clay loam(coprogenous
earth), dark gray(5Y 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few snail shells
and fragments of snail shells; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth
boundary. [20 to 30 cm(8 to 12 inches thick)]
Cg--25 to 173 cm(10 to 68 inches); very dark gray(10YR 3/1)mucky silty clay loam
(coprogenous earth),very dark gray(5Y 3/1)clay loam, and dark olive gray(5Y 3/2)
clay loam; few fine prominent dark brown(7.5YR 3/2) and few fine dark reddish brown
(5YR 3/2) Fe concentrations; massive with distinct bedding planes;very friable; snail
shells ranging from few to many in different parts; strongly effervescent; slightly
alkaline.
2Cg1--173 to 183 cm(68 to 72 inches); dark olive gray(5Y 3/2)clay loam; massive;
friable; few snail shells; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Cg2--183 to 203 cm(72 to 80 inches);very dark gray(5Y 3/1)clay loam; massive;
friable; common snail shells; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Martin County, Minnesota; about 9 miles south and 7 miles east of
Fairmont; about 472 m(1,550 feet) east and 30 m(100 feet) south of the northwest
corner of sec. 28, T. 101 N., R. 29 W.; USGS East Chain quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 31
minutes 44 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 19 minutes 16 seconds W.,NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the coprogenous earth and the
depth to loamy glacial till or glacial lacustrine sediments ranges from 76 cm(30 to more
than 203 cm(80 inches). Free carbonates are in all parts of these sediments. The
coprogenous earth contains from 0 to 25 percent by volume of shell fragments.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of l OYR, 2.5Y, 5Y or neutral,value of 2 or 3 and chroma
of 0 to 2. It is mucky silty clay loam, mucky silt loam, mucky silty clay, silt loam or silty
clay loam. Some pedons have muck(sapric)surface layers less than 20 cm(8 inches)
thick.
The Cg horizon has hue of l OYR, 2.5Y, 5Y or neutral, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 0 to
2. It is silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, or clay loam,or mucky analogues. The sand
fraction is mostly fragments of shells. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The
calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 5 to 40 percent.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam,
silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. It contains 0 to 8 percent by volume of rock
fragments of mixed lithology. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and has a
calcium carbonate equivalent of 5 to 20 percent. A firm till phase of clay loam with a
moist bulk density of 1.6 to 1.9 gm/cc is also recognized.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Moundprairie and Uturin(T) series. These soils
do not have coprogenous earth in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly concave slopes with
gradient of 0 to 1 percent. They are in small to large lake basins in glacial moraines, flood
plains, and lacustrine plains. These basins formerly had lakes, and most of the lakes were
drained since settlement. These sediments are underlain by loamy till or lacustrine
sediments of the Late Wisconsin glaciation at depths of 76 cm(2.5 to more than 203 cm.
Mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F). Mean annual
precipitation is 610 mm to 813 mm(24 to 32 inches). Frost free days range from 155 to
200. Elevations above sea level range from 213 m to 480 m(700 to 1570 feet).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are other poorly drained and
very poorly drained mineral and organic soils within the basin and the Clarion and Lester
soils and their respective topographic associates on the adjacent uplands.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly
drained. Surface runoff is negligible to ponded. The saturated hydraulic conductivity,
measured in cm per hour, is .05 to 5.1 (.02 to 2.0 inches)in the upper material and .05 to
1.5 (.02 to .6 inches)in the lower part. Seasonal high saturation ranges from plus 91 to 30
cm(3 to 1 foot) for undrained areas of this soil. Areas that are drained have variable
depths to saturation based on the effectiveness of the drainage network.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is cropped to corn and soybeans. Some is
used for pasture or hay. Invasive vegetation(after drainage) is mostly sedges, reeds, and
grasses. They lack native vegetation in the conventional sense because these soils were,
until recently, sediments in the bottom of lakes.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-103. Southern Minnesota and north-central
Iowa. Moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rock County, Minnesota, 1945.
REMARKS: Problems remain in the classification of these series because no taxon has
been defined in Soil Taxonomy that adequately accommodates soils that have formed
entirely in coprogenous earth. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon
are: Surface horizon that meets requirements of a mollic epipedon except it is underlain
by stratified C horizon. A firm till substratum is recognized in the geomorphic surface
landform of the Kandiyohi till.
In the past some sloping fens were included in the concpet of Blue Earth. Blue Earth is
being restricted to ponded basins and lake beds.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 1135 for results of some
laboratory analysis of a representative pedon of this series.
HAMEL SERIES
The Hamel series consists of very deep,poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in
slope colluvium and glacial till on moraines.These soils have moderately slow permeability.Their slopes
range from 1 to 4 percent.Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual air temperature is
about 47 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive,mesic Typic Argiaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hamel loam with a 2 percent concave slope on a glacial moraine in
a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 10 inches;black(I OYR 2/1) loam,very dark brown(I OYR 2/2) dry; weak very
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 1 percent gravel;
neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 16 inches;black(I OYR 2/1) loam,very dark gray(I OYR 3/1)dry; weak very
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel;
neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizon is 14 to 30 inches.)
AB--16 to 24 inches; very dark gray(1 OYR 3/1) clay loam, dark grayish brown(1 OYR
4/2) dry; many fine prominent brown(7.5YR 4/4) Fe concentrations;moderate fine
angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; neutral;
gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
Btgl--24 to 40 inches; very dark grayish brown(2.5Y 3/2)clay loam, grayish brown
(I OYR 5/2) dry; many fine prominent brown(7.5YR 4/4)Fe concentrations; moderate
medium prismatic structure; friable; few black(I OYR 2/1)clay films on faces of peds;
about 5 percent gravel;neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg2--40 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown(2.5Y 4/2)clay loam; many coarse prominent
brown(7.5YR 4/4)Fe concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
friable; few black(1 OYR 2/1)clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; neutral;
clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Btg horizons is 12 to 30 inches.)
Cgl--46 to 55 inches; olive gray(5Y 5/2) loam; many medium prominent yellowish
brown(I OYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; friable; about 3 percent gravel; slightly
effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2--55 to 80 inches; olive gray(5Y 5/2) loam;many medium prominent yellowish
brown(I OYR 5/6)Fe concentrations; massive; friable; about 4 percent gravel; slightly
effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 1.5 miles southwest of Silver
Creek, 1200 feet south and 2300 feet west of the northeast corner of Sec. 18, T.121 N.,
R.26 W., USGS Annandale quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 17 minutes 34 seconds N.; long.
94 degrees 00 minutes 13 seconds W.,NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates range from 30 to 65
inches. The mollic epipedon thickness ranges from 24 to 60 inches. Typically the upper
colluvim contains less than 2 percent gravel by volume and the lower part contains 2 to 6
percent gravel by volume of mixed lithology.
The A horizons have hue of I OYR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2.
Typically it is loam or clay loam,but silt loam or silty clay loam are within the range. It
has coatings of clean sand and silt particles in the lower part of the A horizon in some
pedons. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The Btg horizon has hue of I OYR, 2.5Y, or 5Y,value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is
clay loam, silty clay loam high in sand, or loam. It has between 25 and 35 percent clay
and 15 to 35 percent fine sand and coarser. It has B/A clay ratios of 1.2 to 1.4. It has few
to many, faint to prominent clay films. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of a 2.5Y or 5Y,value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or
clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The clay content ranges from 18
to 32 percent and the total sand content ranges from 25 to 45 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alvada, Barr , Berville, Brookston,
Buntin ville, Clackamas, Cordova, Forestcity, Jameston, Marengo, Mill rg ove, Navan,
Nosoni, Rensselaer, and Westland soils. The Alvada series (Tentative- OH) is not in the
OSD file at this time. The Barry, Berville, Brookston, Cordova, Marengo, Millgrove,
Navan, Rensselaer, and Westland soils have a mollic epipedon that is less than 24 inches
thick. The Buntingville soils have carbonates at depths of less than 20 inches. The
Clackamas and Nosoni soils lack free carbonates in the series control section.
The Forestcity soils have 45 to 65 percent sand and 10 to 18 percent clay in the
underlying material. The Jamestown soils formed in a firm and very firm till associated
with the Iowan Erosional surface.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hamel soils have concave slopes in swales, rims of closed
depressions, foot and toe slopes, and upper drainageways below sloping to very steep
slopes. Slope gradients are 1 to 4 percent. Hamel soils formed in slope colluvium and
glacial till of Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature is about 45 to 48
degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 25 to 30 inches. Frost free days range from
125 to 165. Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are principally the Hayden and
Lester soils. These soils are well drained and are on the higher lying, gently sloping to
very steep slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained.
Surface runoff is low or moderately low. Permeability is moderately slow. The apparent
seasonal high water table is at .5 to 1.5 feet for the poorly drained phase and 1.5 to 2.5
feet for the somewhat poorly drained phase during spring in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is cropped to corn,hay, soybeans, and
small grains. However, significant areas are in pasture and forest.Native vegetation is
mixed wet prairie grasses and deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Primarily in the southeast one-quarter of Minnesota
in the timbered,hilly, "gray" till region. Moderately extensive.
MILRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic
epipedon-the zone from the surface to a depth of 40 inches(Ap, A,AB and Btgl);
argillic horizon-the zone from 24 to 46 inches(Btgl, Btg2,). Type location moved from
Hennepin County, Mn. to Wright County, Mn., 11/96 to better exemplify the series
concept.
A somewhat poorly drained overwash phase is recognized that has 8 to 20 inches of
colluvium over the original dark colored surface.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 785 for results of some
laboratory analysis of this series.
HOUGHTON SERIES
The Houghton series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils formed in
herbaceous organic deposits more than 51 inches thick in depressions on lake plains,
outwash plains, ground and end moraines and on floodplains. These soils have
moderately slow to moderately rapid permeability. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent.
Mean annual precipitation is about 35 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 50
degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Euic,mesic Typic Haplosaprists
TYPICAL PEDON: Houghton muck- on a level area in a cultivated field. (Colors are
for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Oa1--0 to 9 inches; black(N 2.5/0)broken face and rubbed muck(sapric material); about
5 percent fiber, a trace rubbed; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; neutral(pH 7.0
in KCl); abrupt smooth boundary.
Oa2--9 to 13 inches;black(N 2.5/0)broken face, very dark brown(7.5YR 2/2)rubbed
muck(sapric material); about 5 percent fiber, a trace rubbed; weak medium granular
structure; neutral(pH 7.0 in KCl); abrupt smooth boundary.
Oa3--13 to 24 inches; dark reddish brown(5YR 3/2)broken face, dark reddish brown
(5YR 2/2)rubbed muck(sapric material); about 15 percent fiber, less than 5 percent
rubbed; massive,breaking to thick platy fragments; neutral(pH 7.0 KCl); abrupt smooth
boundary.
Oa4--24 to 32 inches; black(5YR 2/1)broken face and rubbed muck(sapric material);
about 10 percent fiber, a trace rubbed; massive; about 1 percent woody fragments; neutral
(pH 7.0 in KCl); clear wavy boundary.
Oa5--32 to 48 inches; dark reddish brown(5YR 2/2)broken face,black(5YR 2/1)
rubbed muck(Sapric material); about 20 percent fiber, less than 10 percent rubbed;
massive,breaking to thick platy fragments;neutral(pH 7.0 in KCl); abrupt smooth
boundary.
Oa6--48 to 80 inches; dark reddish brown(5YR 2/2)broken face and rubbed muck
(sapric material); about 10 percent fiber, less than 10 percent rubbed; massive; slightly
sticky; about 15 percent mineral soil;neutral(pH 7.0 in KCl).
TYPE LOCATION: Clinton County, Michigan; about 3 miles northeast of the village of
Bath; 200 feet north and 400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 12,T. 5 N., R. 1 W.
USGS Bath topographic quadrangle, lat. 42 degrees 49 minutes 43.4 seconds N. and long.
84 degrees 52 minutes 56.9 seconds W.;NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The organic layers are more than 51 inches thick.
The organic fibers are derived primarily from herbaceous plants,but some pedons
contain individual layers which contain as much as 30 percent woody material,however,
the woody fragment content averages less than 15 percent by volume in the control
section. It is very strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The organic layers have hue of l OYR, 7.5YR, or SYR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 to
3, or is in 2.5/0. The layers are predominantly muck(sapric material),but in some pedons
mucky peat(hemic material)has a combined thickness of less than 10 inches and peat
(fibric material) less than 5 inches. Some pedons have coprogenous material or marly
material below 51 inches
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Carlisle, Lena, Peteetneet, Saltese' and
Semiahmoo series. Similar soils are the Adrian, Carbondale, Greenwood, Linwood,
Lupton, Palms, Rifle, and Willette series. Carlisle soils derived dominantly from woody
materials and contain an average of 15 to 30 percent woody fragments in the control
section. Lena soils contain free carbonates throughout. Peteetneet soils are massive or
platy in bottom tier, are on elevations of about 4,500 feet, and are substantially drier in
the moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice. Saltese
and Semiahmoo soils are in areas with mild humid climates. Adrian, Linwood, Palms,
and Willette soils have a mineral substrata depths ranging from 16 to about 50 inches.
Carbondale, Greenwood, Lupton, and Rifle soils are frigid.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Houghton soils occupy closed depressions within lake
plains, outwash plains, ground and end moraines, and on floodplains. Slope gradients are
less than 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from about 30 to 42 inches, and
the mean annual temperature is about 48 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adrian, Edselton(T),
Edwards, Moston(T), Muskego, Palms, and Willette soils. Edselton(T) and Edwards soils
are underlain by marly material at depths of 16 to 51 inches. Moston(T), and Muskego
soils are underlain by coprogenous material between 16 and 51 inches. Poorly or very
poorly drained mineral soils are commonly associated along the margins of the bogs.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Depth to the seasonal high
water table ranges from 2 foot above the surface in ponded phases to 1 foot below the
surface from September to June. The potential for surface runoff is very slow or ponded.
Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: A considerable area of these soils is used for cropland or
pasture. Common crops are onions, lettuce,potatoes, celery,radishes, carrots,mint, and
some corn.Native vegetation was primarily of marsh grasses, sedges,reeds,buttonbrush,
and cattails. Some water-tolerant trees were near the margin of the bog.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 95, 98, 110, 111. Southern part of the lower
peninsula of Michigan,Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois. The series is
of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Roscommon County, Michigan, 1924.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Well
decomposed organic material from the surface to greater than 51 inches (Oal, Oa2, Oa3,
Oa4, Oa5 and Oa6 horizons)
histic epipedon-muck from the surface to 16 inches(Oal, Oa2, Oa3);
aquic conditions- from the surface to 40 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record- (MI0024, MI0291 (PONEED),
MI0532 (SLOPING), MI0390(MAAT>50), MI0383 (FREQUENTLY FLOODED).
Transect data(T98-MI-003) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana.
Transect shows 100 percent Houghton.
KILKENNY SERIES
The Kilkenny series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in a
mantle of clayey glacial till or flow till and underlying loamy glacial till on moraines.
These soils have moderately slow permeability. Their slopes range from 2 to 35 percent.
The mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about
48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic,mesic Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kilkenny clay loam with a 15 percent linear sideslope on a glacial
moraine in a pastured field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 9 inches;very dark brown(I OYR 2/2)clay loam, dark grayish brown(I OYR
4/2)dry; weak fine granular structure; friable;common very fine roots; about 2 percent
gravel; moderately acid(pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundayr. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--9 to 19 inches;brown(I OYR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderately medium subangular
blocky structure parting to moderately fine subangular blocky; firm; common fine and
very fine roots; few distinct very dark brown(1 OYR 2/2)clay films on faces of peds;
about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--19 to 38 inches; brown(I OYR 4/3)clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure
parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine roots; common
distinct very dark brown(1 OYR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--38 to 53 inches; brown(1 OYR 4/3)clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; firm; common distict very dark brown
(I OYR 2/2)clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; few fine distict brown
(7.5YR 4/4)Fe concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined
thickness of the Bt horizons is 20 to 40 inches.)
2BC--53 to 65 inches; light olive brown(2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; few distinct dark brown(I OYR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; friable; about 8
percent gravel; about 2 percent cobbles; few fine distinct brown(7.5YR 4/4)Fe deletions;
slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2C--65 to 80 inches; light olive brown(2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few
concentrations of light gray(2.5Y 7/2)calcium carbonates in pores; brown(7.5YR 4/4)
soft masses of iron-manganese in nodules; about 8 percent gravel; about 2 percent
cobbles; common medium prominent dark yellowish brown(I OYR 4/6) Fe
concentrations and common medium distinct gray(2.5Y 5/1)Fe depletions; strongly
effervescent;moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Le Sueur County,Minnesota; about 3 miles west and 3 miles south
of Montgomery; about 300 feet east and 800 feet north of the southwest corner of Sec.
19, T.I I IN., R.23W.;USGS Montgomery quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 24 minutes 3
seconds N., and long. 93 degrees 38 minutes 41 seconds W.,NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates range from 20 to 60
inches. Gravel of mixed lithology,but dominated by shale fragments,typically make up 2
to 8 percent of the volume of the series control section,but the upper part of the profile in
some pedons contains less than 2 percent gravel. Rounded shale fragments dominate the
coarse sand fraction. Soil saturation occurs above a depth of 40 inches in 6 out of 10
years.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of l OYR,value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is clay
loam, silty clay loam, loam or silt loam. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a thin E horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of I OYR or 2.5Y,value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 5. Faint to
prominent Fe concentrations and depletions commonly are above a depth of 40 inches.
Redox depletions do not occur in the upper 10 inches of this horizon. The upper 20
inches of the Bt horizon typically contains 35 to 45 percent clay. B/A clay ratios are 1.2
to 1.4. The Bt horizon is clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay. The reaction strongly acid to
neutral.
The 2BC horizon has properties similar to the 2C horizon. Some pedons have a 2BK
horizon.
The 2C horizon has hue of IOYR or 2.5Y,value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 5. It is clay
loam or loam. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kilkenny soils have plane and convex slopes on gently
sloping to steep end moraines of the Des Moines lobe of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation.
Their slopes range from 2 to 35 percent. They formed in a mantle of clayey glacial till or
flow till and underlying loamy glacial till on moraines. Mean annual temperature ranges
from 45 to 52 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free
days range from 145 to 175. Elevation above sea level ranges from 800 to 1500 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Glencoe, Lerdal, Lester,
Le Sueur, Lura, Mazaska, and Shields series. The very poorly drained Glencoe and Lura
soils are in the lower lying drainageways and depressions. The somewhat poorly drained
Lerdal soils are on gently sloping to moderately steep areas. Shields soils are poorly
drained, and are on slightly elevated flats. Mazaska soils are poorly drained, and are on
slightly elevated flats and swales above or within areas of Kilkenny soils. Also,the well
drained Lester soils and the moderately well drained Le Sueur soils are associated in a
few areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Permeability is
moderately slow. Runoff is medium to very high. A perched seasonal high water table
occurs at depths of 2.5 to 4.0 feet during the period April, May, and June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are cropped to corn, grain, hay, and
soybeans. Some areas are used for pasture and some are forested.Native vegetation is
mixed prairie and forest species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South central Minnesota and north-central Iowa. The
series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Waseca County,Minnesota, 1963.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric
epipedon-the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 9 inches(Ap horizon);Argillic
horizon-the zone from 9 to 53 inches(Btl, Bt2, Bt3 horizons); Oxyaquic subgroup
based on saturation above a depth of 40 inches; Vertic subgroup based on more than 6 cm
of COLE in upper 40 inches. Water table studies and field observations have verified a
perched condition in most years,particularly in periods of extended rainfall.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record number MN0376.
KLOSSNER SERIES
The Klossner series consists of very deep,very poorly drained soils formed in well decomposed organic
material 16 to 50 inches thick overlying loamy deposits on moraines,till plains,lake plains,flood plains,
and hillside seep areas.They have moderately slow to moderately rapid permeability in the organic
material,and moderate or moderately slow permeability in the loamy material.Slopes range from 0 to 8
percent.Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual temperature is about 47 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy,mixed, euic,mesic Terric Haplosaprists
TYPICAL PEDON: Klossner muck-with a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors
are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oap--O to 10 inches;black(N 2/0)muck,very dark gray(IOYR 3/1)dry; about 20
percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very
friable; many very fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Oa--10 to 26 inches;black(IOYR 2/1)muck, dark gray(IOYR 4/1) dry; about 60 percent
fiber, about 6 percent rubbed;weak fine subangular blocky structure;very friable;many
very fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of O
horizon is 16 to 50 inches.)
2A1--26 to 36 inches;black(N 2/0)mucky silty clay loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2A2--36 to 48 inches;black(N 2/0) silty clay loam; massive; friable; few dark reddish
brown(5YR 3/4) iron oxide concentrations in root channels; about 1 percent gravel;
neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of 2A horizon is 8 to 45 inches
thick.)
2Cg1--48 to 65 inches; olive gray(5Y 5/2) clay loam; massive; friable; dark reddish
brown(5YR 3/4)Fe oxide concentrations in root channels; many medium prominent
yellowish brown(1 OYR 5/6)Fe concentrations; about 1 percent gravel; slightly
effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy bounday.
2Cg2--65 to 80 inches; gray(5Y 5/1)loam, massive; friable;many medium prominent
light olive brown(2.5Y 5/4) and yellowish brown(IOYR 5/4)Fe concentrations; about 3
percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Nicollet County, Minnesota; 2600 feet north and 2300 feet east of
the southwest corner, sec. 12,T. 110 N., R. 28 W.; USGS Nicollet quadrangle; lat. 44
degrees 20 minutes 53 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 8 minutes 28 seconds W.,
NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the organic material ranges from
16 to 50 inches. It is derived primarily from herbaceous plants. The organic matter
content ranges from 25 to 60 percent in the organic surface and 5 to 20 percent in the 2A
horizon. The reaction of the organic material ranges from moderately acid to slightly
alkaline. Some organic layers contain free carbonates.
The O horizon has hue of l OYR, 5YR, or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0 to 2.
It is dominantly muck(sapric material)however, some pedons have thin layers of heroic
material, less than 10 inches thick.
Some pedons have highly organic mineral plow layers.
The 2A horizon has hue of l OYR, 2.5Y, 5Y or is neutral,value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0
to 1. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam or mucky modifiers
of these textures. It is moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Some pedons contain thin
layers of coprogenous earth.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of l OYR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or is neutral, value of 2 to 7 and
chroma of 0 to 2. It is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy
loam or fine sandy loam, or their gravelly or cobbly analogues. It is slightly acid to
moderately alkaline. The upper 12 inches of this horizon averages less than 35 percent
clay. Some pedons contain thin strata of fine sand, loamy sand, or silt. Gravel or cobble
sized rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent by volume. Some pedons contain free
carbonates. Sandy substratum and ponded phases are recognized.
COMPETING SERIES: These are Linwood, Medo, Palms, Philbon and Shalcar series.
Linwood soils have well expressed granular structure to depths of more than 12 inches
and formed mainly in woody fibers. Medo soils have sandy textures in the lower part of
the series control section. Palms soils have organic matter content greater than 75 percent
and do not have an A horizon directly below the organic material. Philbon soils have
fibric and hemic material in the upper 12 inches. Shalcar soils ave less than 26 degrees
difference between mean January and mean July temperatures.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Klossner soils are in basins that were formerly lakes or
ponds, lake plains, till plains, flood plains, or moraines. They are also on hillside seep
areas in moraines and sideslopes of river valleys. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. The
soils on nearby uplands are generally loamy. The mean annual temperature ranges from
45 to 50 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 32 inches. Frost free
days range from 110 to 160. Elevations above sea level range from 800 to 1400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the Canisteo, Harps,
Okoboii, Glencoe, Muskego and Hou hg ton soils. Canisteo and Harps soils are on the rims
of depressions. Glencoe and Okoboji are at the outer edges of the depressions. Muskego
and Houghton soils are in larger depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Surface runoff is
negligible. Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid in the organic layers and
moderate or moderately slow in the loamy material.
USE AND VEGETATION: The greater part of this soil is cultivated to corn, soybeans,
small grains and specialty crops such as vegetables or grass sod. Other areas are in
vegetation of grasses,reeds, sedges, alder, aspen, or willow. Some of the hillside seep
areas are set aside as natural areas and called fens.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The south central and southeast part of Minnesota
and possibly northern Iowa. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED:Nicollet County, Minnesota, 1989.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: sapric soil materials from
the surface to about 26 inches; loamy mineral material from 26 to 50 inches or more;
aquic moisture regime. This soil was formerly included in the Palms Series in Minnesota.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES-CFC#'s 2697, 3251, 3400 and 3475.
LESTER SERIES
The Lester series consists of very deep,well drained soils that formed in calcareous loamy glacial till on till
plains and moraines.These soils have moderate permeability.Their slopes range from 5 to 70 percent.
Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual temperature is about 47 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive,mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lester loam with a convex slope of about 9 percent on a ground
moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 7 inches;very dark grayish brown(I OYR 3/2) loam, grayish brown(I OYR 5/2)
dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent
gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--7 to 21 inches;brown(I OYR 4/3)clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; firm; many very fine roots; common very dark grayish brown(I OYR 3/2)clay
films on faces of peds and few very dark gray(I OYR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds;
about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--21 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown(I OYR 4/4)clay loam; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common dark grayish brown
(I OYR 4/2)clay films on faces of peds and few very dark brown(1 OYR 2/2)organic
coats on faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
(Combined Bt horizon is 10 to 40 inches.)
Bkl--38 to 50 inches; yellowish brown(10YR 5/4)loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common very pale brown(1 OYR 8/2) carbonate
threads; about 2 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy
boundary.
Bk2--50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown(I OYR 5/4) loam;weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; common fine distinct yellowish brown(I OYR 5/6)relict Fe
concentrations; common very pale brown(I OYR 8/2)carbonate threads; about 2 percent
gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C--60 to 80 inches; yellowish brown(I OYR 5/4)loam; ;massive; friable; common
medium distinct yellowish brown(I OYR 5/6)relict Fe concentrations and few fine
distinct light brownish gray(I OYR 6/2)relict Fe depletions; about 1 percent gravel;
strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 3 miles west of Otsego, 1460
feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of Sec. 15,T.121 N., R.24 W.; USGS
Big Lake quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 17 minutes 29 seconds N.; long. 93 degrees 41
minutes 3 seconds W.,NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates ranges from 20 to 54
inches. Rock fragments of mixed lithology comprise 1 to 8 percent of the volume of the
control section.
The A or Ap horizons have hue of l OYR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The E
horizon where present,has value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. The A and E horizons
are loam or clay loam,but sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam is within the range.
They range from moderately acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of l OYR or 2.5Y,value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay
loam or loam and has 24 to 35 percent clay and 30 to 45 percent sand. The B/A clay
ratios range from 1.2 to 1.4. It is strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and
moderately acid to neutral in the lower part. A Bw horizon is sometimes present below
the Bt.
The Bk horizon has hue of l OYR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The Bk
horizon is loam or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Relict
redoximorphic features are present in some pedons.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or l OYR,value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam
or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Relict redoximorphic features
are present in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ate, Argyle, Baltimore, Bassett, Blooming,
Caleb, Dowagiac, Dunbridge, Gara, Koronis, Lauramie, Longlois, Lydick, Mohawk,
Neda,Newcomer, Oneco, Orwood, Racine, Razort, Sebbo,Taopi, Waucoma, and
Winneshiek soils in the same family. Angus and Sebbo soil have saturation in the lower
third of the series control section. Argyle, Baltimore, and Oneco soils have B horizons
with 7.5YR or redder hue. Bassett soils are very strongly acid to moderately acid in the
upper part of the Bt horizon. Blooming and Racine soils have 15 to 35 percent sand in the
upper part of the particle-size control section. Caleb soils have some subhorizons that
have more than 45 percent in the lower part of the control section. Dowagiac and Koronis
soils have less than 24 percent clay in the lower one third of the particle-size control
section. Dunbridge,Waucoma,Newcomer and Winneshiek soils have sola terminated by
bedrock at depths above 60 inches. Gara soils average less than 2 percent rock fragments
in the control section. Longlois, Lydic, and Neda soils have more than 8 percent rock
fragments in some subhorizon of the control section. Lauramie soils have more than 45
percent sand in some subhorizon in the middle part of the control section. Mohawk soils
have a higher content of silt and have dark colors in the B horizon which apparently are
inherited from dark shale. Orwood soils have no rock fragments in the particle-size
control section. Razort soils have less than 30 percent sand in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on moraines and till plains.
Slope gradients range from 5 to 70 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till
of late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 degrees to 52 degrees
F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 33 inches. Frost free days range from 125
to 165. Elevations range from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Cordova, Dundas,
Glencoe, Hamel, Houghton, Klossner, Le Sueur, Muskego, and Nessel soils. Poorly
drained Cordova and somewhat poorly and poorly drained Dundas soils are on flats and
upper drainageways with a high seasonal water table. Very poorly drained Glencoe,
Houghton, Klossner, and Muskego soils are mostly in depressions. Poorly drained Hamel
soils are on foot and toe slopes. Moderately well drained Le Sueur and Nessel soils are on
slightly elevated flats and gently convex slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff
is medium to high.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Some is in pasture
and forest.Native vegetation is savanna.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central and east-central Minnesota and
northeastern Iowa. Extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul,Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dakota County,Minnesota, 1945.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and featured recognized in this pedon are: mollic
subgroup -the zone from the surface to 7 inches(Ap horizon); argillic horizon-the zone
from 7 to 38 inches(Bt horizons). Type location moved from Waseca County,Mn. to
Wright County, Mn., 11/96 to better exemplify the series concept within the MLRA.
Slopes of 1 to 5 percent that were previously correlated as Lester may be included with
the Angus series in the future.
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Wetland Definition
WETLAND DEFINITION
According to the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "Wetlands Delineation Manual" (1987
Manual; the document used by all delineators to define wetlands) a wetland is "Those areas that
are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to
support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically
adapted for life in saturated soil conditions." The Minnesota State Wetland Conservation Act
Rules, Chapter 8420, further clarifies that "...wetlands must: (1) have a predominance of hydric
soils; (2) be inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration
sufficient to support a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated
soil conditions; and (3) under normal circumstances, support a prevalence of hydrophytic
vegetation." The 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Manual in Part II, item 24. states that,
"The interaction of hydrology, vegetation, and soil results in the development of characteristics
unique to wetlands. Therefore, the following technical guidelines for wetlands are based on the
three parameters, and diagnostic environmental characteristics used in applying the technical
guideline are represented by various indicators of these parameters." It is this premise by which
SER ecologists has, in their professional judgment, delineated the wetlands on the subject parcel
described in this report.
Wetland Hydrology
The most important wetland criterion is hydrology. The presence and persistence of water
influences the vegetation types and changes soil morphology. Hydrology may be observed as
standing water(inundation), or may be observed as freestanding water within the soil pit or auger
hole (saturation) usually within the upper 12 inches. This is what would be considered primary
hydrology indicators. Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that
wetland hydrology indeed exists. The 1987 Corps Manual also has a range of hydrologic zones
established based on period of inundation or saturation. These zones and the periods of
inundation or saturation for each can be observed in Table 1 below.
Excerpted from the 1987 Manual,H drolo is Zones—Nontidal Areas
Zone Name Duration Comments Wetland or Not
I Permanently Inundated 100% Inundation>6.6 ft.mean Not(Aquatic Habitat Zone,or Deep Water
water depth Habitat
Semipermanently To Nearly <75 Inundation defined as
II Permanently Inundated Or <100% <_6.6 feet mean water Wetland
Saturated depth
III Regularly Inundated Or >25-75% Wetland
Saturated
Seasonally Inundated Or <12.5-
N Saturated 25% Wetland
Many areas having these
V Irregularly Inundated or >5-12.5% hydrologic characteristics Wetland(if hydrophytic veg.and hydric
Saturated soils also present
are not wetlands
Intermittently Or Never ° Areas with these
VI Inundated Or Saturated <5% hydrologic characteristics Not
are not wetlands
A-1
The definition of appropriate hydrology according to the 1987 Manual includes two important
terms that must be clarified. First, the definition of a growing season is needed. The growing
season is defined in the 1987 Manual as: "...the portion of the year when soil temperature
(measured 19.7 inches below the surface) is above biological zero (5° C or 41° F)." According to
the 1987 Manual this period of time can be approximated by using the "starting and ending dates
for the growing season based on a 28° F air temperature threshold at a frequency of 5 years in
10." Based on this definition the growing season ranges approximately 160 days to 180 days in
the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area(160 in the northern suburbs and greater to the south).
Therefore, the required inundation or saturation to the surface for 5% of the growing season
would be 8 or 9 consecutive days that ground water would need to be at the surface or saturated
to the surface.
The second term in the appropriate hydrology definition from the above paragraph to be clarified
is "in most years". This means in 5 of 10 years hydrology must exist within a "jurisdictional
wetland" for the 8 or 9 consecutive days of the growing season. This means that one observation
date or even one whole year worth of detailed hydrology data may be deemed insufficient to
determine if appropriate hydrology exists at a given location. In the event that precipitation
events accumulate to above or below normal during just prior to a site visit or during a more
intensive hydrology study, the data may be confounded by non-normal circumstances and may
be considered outside the bounds of "most years". Ideally, both antecedent soil moisture
conditions and precipitation would be normal during all delineations. However, this is not a
realistic impression of climate. Therefore, primary indicators of hydrology must be reviewed
with scrutiny prior to determining if hydrology indeed exists.
Wetland hydrology may be observed as standing water (inundation), or may be observed as
freestanding water within a soil pit or auger hole (saturation) usually within the upper 12 inches.
This is what would be considered primary hydrology indicators. Examination of this indicator
requires digging a soil pit to a depth of 16 inches and observing the level at which water stands
after sufficient time has been allowed for water to drain into the hole. The required time will
vary depending on soil texture. This level represents the depth to the water table; the depth to
saturated soils will always be nearer the surface due to the capillary fringe. According to the
Hydrology criteria in the 1987 Delineation Manual, for soil saturation to impact vegetation, it
must occur within a major portion of the root zone, typically within 12 inches of the surface.
Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that wetland hydrology is
present. However, since a single observation is not enough evidence, based on the percentage of
the growing season this inundation or saturation is required, these data are only valid when
reviewed while also considering the abundance of recent precipitation events or the seasonal
trend of climate when the site visit was made (this may be done through review of precipitation
records where available). In addition to the primary indicators of wetland hydrology, there are
secondary indicators (e.g. oxidized root channels, water-stained leaves, local soil survey data,
FAC-Neutral test), of which two must be present to consider the sample point as having wetland
hydrology.
A-2
Hydrophytic Vegetation (Wetland Vegetation)
Wetland vegetation is defined in the 1987 Manual as "The sum total of macrophytic plant life
growing in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen as a result of
excessive water content. When hydrophytic vegetation comprises a community where indicators
of hydric soils and wetland hydrology also occur, the area has wetland vegetation." In more
standard terms, some plants are more adapted to growing within inundated or saturated soil.
Based on literature records and professional experience, a panel of experts compiled a list of
plant species and assigned each a hydrophytic status (described below and includes five major
classes of probability of a plant occurring within a wetland).
In terms of delineation there is a gradient of plant species that are adapted to "growing in water
or on substrate that is at least periodically deficient of oxygen'. Fieldwork associated with
wetland delineations includes a procedure (the 50/20 Rule, for determination of dominance),
which is also outlined in the 1987 Manual, by which to determine if hydrophytic plant species
dominate the vegetation at a given location. This procedure has been used for the wetland
delineation at the subject parcel of this report.
Hydric Soil
Defined in the 1987 Manual as "A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during
the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of
hydrophytic vegetation. Hydric soils that occur in areas having positive indicators of
hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology are wetland soils."
For the purposes of delineation of wetlands, soils cannot be viewed without digging pits or
extracting soil using an auger. Therefore, transects of soil samples are taken from perceived
upland to perceived wetlands along a transitional boundary. There are specific color indicators,
textures, and depth requirements in the soil that are reviewed in order to determine whether
hydric soils occur at a given point or not. After a transect of soil samples has been taken, upon
consideration of vegetation and indicators of appropriate hydrology a working prototype for the
given wetland is developed by the delineator. The wetland delineator then uses this working
prototype to complete the location of the remainder of the wetland boundary, unless the wetland
is large enough or the landscape features (vegetation or topography) change enough to warrant
additional transect samples.
A-3
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