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Prou�di�ag the Sharper Edge �n
Natrcral Resources & Enairon�ne�ttal Consulting
ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES �
2100 6th Avenue
Orono, l�'IN
Wetland Classification, Identification, and
Delineation Report
Prepared for:
Orono Woodlands Inc.
By:
Svoboda Ecological Resources
Project Number 2013-008-03
6/14/13
The contents and format of this report are considered intellectual property and
are subject to copyright restrictions and may not be reproduced without
the express permission of Svoboda Ecological Resources.
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
METHODS..................................................................................................................................................1
RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................................................3
RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................................4
CERTIFICATION......................................................................................................................................5
DATASOURCES.......................................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REFERENCED................................................................................................................7
FIGURES:
Figure 1: Site Location Overlaid on Topographic Map
Figure 2: National Wetlands Inventory
Figure 3: Web Soil Survey-Hennepin County
Figure 4: DNR-Public Waters Map
Figure 5: Approximate Wetland Boundary and Sample Transect Location
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS:
Photo Log
Field Data Sheets
Plant Indicator Status
Soil Series Data
Wetland Definition
ABSTRACT
Svoboda Ecological Resources (SER) visited the above referenced property on 6/11/13 to
examine the site for the presence of areas meeting wetland criteria. The study parcel is located
north of the city of Long Lake, MN in Hennepin County (Figure 1). One wetland boundary was
delineated at this site. Two sample transects were established along the boundary in order to
characterize the soil, vegetation, and existing hydrology within the wetland-to-upland transition
zone.
INTRODUCTION
The subject parcel is approximately 2.4 acres and is dominated by a combination of turf grasses,
buckthorn and early successional mesic forest. The topography of the site generally slopes from
south to north. The surrounding land use is largely single family home and churches. The
identified wetlands were classified according to the Cowardin et al., the Circular 39 and the
Eggers and Reed classification systems and marked with pink "Wetland Delineation" pin flags.
The Technical Documents section of this report contains field data sheets, plant indicator status
information, soil survey information, and wetland definition information.
METHODS
The methods used to delineate the subject parcel are as described in the 1987 US Army Corps of
Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual and the 2010 Midwest Regional Supplement Manual. In
the 1987 Manual, the methods used were described under the "routine" methods for sites less
than 5 acres. This methodology is followed in order to assess whether the three parameters of a
wetland are met for areas on the subject parcel. The three parameters required under normal
circumstances in order to delineate a wetland are described in the Technical Documents section.
The Midwest Regional Supplement Wetland Delineation Manual is also being utilized to
increase the accuracy of our wetland boundaries. This addendum to the original 87 Manual was
created to address the many regional differences that affect wetlands and the delineation methods
used throughout the country. The following explanations are passages from that document.
"This Regional Supplement is part of a nationwide effort to address regional
wetland characteristics and improve the accuracy and efficiency of wetland-
delineation procedwes. Regional differences in climate, geology, soils,
hydrology plant and animal communities,and other factors are important to the
idenrification and functioning of wetlands. These differences cannot be
considered adequately in a single national manual. The development of this
supplement follows National Academy of Sciences recommendations to increase
the regional sensitivity of wetland-delineation methods (National Research
Council 1995).T'he intent of this supplement is to bring the Corps Manual up to
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 1 Orono,MN
date with current knowledge and practice in the region and not to change
wetland boundaries." "...This Regional Supplement is designed for use with the
current version of the Corps Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and all
subsequent versions. Where differences in the two documents occur, this
Regional Supplement takes precedence over the Corps Manual for applications
in the Midwest Region."
National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps (Figure 2), Web Soil Survey of Hennepin County map
(Figure 3), Minnesota Public Waters Inventory maps (Figure 4), and 2012 aerial photographs
were reviewed prior to the site visit to identify areas that may be wetlands. Areas illustrating
evidence of wetland conditions were examined in greater detail during the field survey.
Vegetation, soils and hydrology were examined (as outlined in the 1987 Manual) and used to
characterize wetland types and determine wetland boundaries. Sample transects were established
in representative wetland-to-upland transition zones in order to characterize the vegetation, soils,
and hydrology of the site. Transects consist of a representative upland sample point and
representative wetland sample point. Information obtained at the sample points can be found on
the field data sheets located in the Technical Documents section.
Hydrophytic status of plants was based on the National Wetland Plant List issued on May 15,
2012 and effective June 1, 2012 and as characterized by the plant status on the Excel Midwest
Region data sheet provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District.
Wetland boundaries were marked at the site by pink "Wetland Delineation" pin flags. The
wetland boundary is considered to be the topographically highest extent of the wetland basin;
areas below the staked boundary met the three required wetland criteria while areas above were
lacking in one or more of these criteria. Wetlands were classified in accordance with methods
described by Cowardin et al. (1979) and used in the NWI (e.g. PEMB, PSS1C, etc.), completed
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Circular 39 and Eggers and Reed classification
systems are also given. The indicator status of plants, as described in the Technical Documents
section, was determined using the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands —
Midwest Region(Lichvar, Robert W. and John T. Kartesz 2009).
RESULTS
The National Wetland Inventory indicates the presence of two wetlands within the study area,
classified as PF06B and PFO 1 B (Figure 2).
The Web Soil Survey of Hennepin County (Figure 3) identifies 5 soil map units present on the
subject property. They are as follows: Le Seur loam, Hamel-Glencoe, Lester loam, and Angus
loam. All of these soils are classified as partially hydric. Soil series descriptions are provided in
the Technical Documents section.
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, State Protected Waters Map (Public Water
Inventory) indicates no public waters within the study area(Figure 4).
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 2 Orono,MN
Site Visit
The City of Orono requested that about 100 feet of wetland be delineated on the subject property.
SER ecologists examined the subject property, as directed, for areas meeting jurisdictional
wetland criteria during the site visit. One area meeting the jurisdictional criteria of a wetland was
flagged, and boundaries were determined and delineated. The approximate wetland boundary is
outlined in yellow (Figure 5).
Wetland 1 is a Type 2 PEMB Wet Meadow, an open herbaceous depression in an area otherwise
densely wooded by young shrubs. The vegetation is dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris
arundinacea, FACW) and glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus, FACW). The adjacent upland area
has a sparsely vegetated herb layer with increased dominance of buckthorn and other woody
species. This vegetative transition is characteristic of the transition from wetland to upland,
though in the southern extent of the wetland the topography slopes upwards and lacks evidence
of wetland hydrology while maintaining reed canary grass cover for a short distance before
transitioning to a buckthorn dominated cover. A sample transect was established at this location.
Soils at sample point SP 1-1 Wet consisted of a layer of modified mucky mineral soils at the
surface with clay pan below. Hydric indicator F1 (Loamy mucky mineral) was identified. There
were also several indicators of wetland hydrology at this site: B8 (Sparsely Vegetated Concave
Surface) and B9 (Water Stained Leaves).
At sample point SP 1-1 Up the soils were of a similar hue and chroma to the wetland point,
however they lacked the high percentage of organic material found there. No hydric indicators
were present, and no indicators of wetland hydrology were present at this upslope sample point.
This wetland is not present in the National Wetland Inventory nor is it present in the DNR Public
Waters Inventory.
Detailed soils, vegetation, and hydrology data for the delineated jurisdictional wetlands are
provided in the data sheets of the Technical Documents section.
DISCUSSION
SER completed all on-site delineations based on the three required technical criteria as outlined
by the 1987 Manual: the presence of hydric soils, a predominance of hydrophytic vegetation,
and indicators of wetland hydrology in each basin. The site visit portion of the wetland
delineation was completed on 6/11/13.
SER personnel examined the subject property for areas meeting jurisdictional wetland criteria
during the site visit and delineated the edge of one basin as being jurisdictional wetland (Figure
5). Detailed soils, vegetation and hydrology data is provided in the data sheets of the Technical
Documents section. A set of figures is provided in the Figures section.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 3 Orono,MN
RECOMMENDATIONS
Activities that impact or could potentially impact wetlands are regulated at several levels of
government. In Minnesota, the two primary jurisdictions are covered at the state and federal
levels by the provisions of the following legislative actions.
➢ State jurisdiction by the Wetland Conservation Act of 1991 (WCA) administered
by the WCA Local Governmental Unit (LGU).
➢ Federal jurisdiction by the Clean Water Act of 1972 and subsequent amendments.
Wetland protection is implemented by the Corps of Engineers(Corps)with permit
certification issued by the Environmental Protection Agency.
While the wetland boundaries that SER has delineated are not official until approved by a WCA
approved local government unit (LGU), SER advises the property owner/developer to refrain
from any filling, draining, or excavating, or any impact to the area SER has delineated as
wetland. No grading or filling in wetland basins should commence until all necessary permits
have been obtained. Violation of wetland regulations may result in substantial civil and criminal
penalties. Local ordinances may regulate wetland modifications such as brush and tree removal
and burning in addition to grading and filling. Depending on the location of the property, buffers
around the wetland may also be protected. Any activities in the proximity of the wetland should
be cleared with appropriate WCA regulatory agencies. It is also advisable to have the wetland
boundary surveyed by a licensed land surveyor. Since the pin flags used along the boundary can
be vandalized or inadvertently knocked over, a GPS survey of the flags will assure the
permanence of the boundary. The client should also be aware that according to current BWSR
and COE wetland rules and regulations approved wetland boundaries are typically valid for five
years from the date of approval.
To avoid project delays associated with wetland regulations, it is essential that you acquire
necessary permits from all jurisdictional agencies before initiating activities. A WCA
Sequencing form, a WCA and Army Corps of Engineers Replacement Plan Application form,
and a DNR permit application are among the materials that you may be required to submit if
impacts are proposed for the delineated wetlands. By initiating the permit process as soon as
possible,potential costly delays to the project may be avoided.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 4 Orono,MN
CERTIFICATION
David Haar completed the above-described delineation on 6/11/13. This delineation was
performed according to the procedures described by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the
1987 Wetlands Delineation Manual and the 2010 Midwest Region Supplement Wetland
Delineation Manual. The delineation meets the standards and a criterion described in these
manuals and conforms to the applicable standards and regulations in force at the time the
delineation was completed.
Report and graphics were prepared by David Haar(Wetland Ecologist I/GIS Specialist) on this
day 6/14/13. The delineation report was reviewed by Frank Svoboda, President of Svoboda
Ecological Resources.
Client: Orono Woodlands Inc.
Project Name: 2100 6th Avenue
Project No.: 2013-008
Location: Orono, MN
���-t'�`'� �<,7.c�i�
Wetland Ecologist I/GIS Specialist
�-�°�.-- d.
President, Svoboda Ecological Resources
6/14/13
Date
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 5 Orono,MN
DATA SOURCES
Minnesota Departxnent of Natural Resources, Public Waters Inventory Basin Delineations,
Published 7/31/2008 and retrieved from http://deli.dnr.state.mn.us
United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory Map. Retrieved from
http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html on 6/14/13.
2010 Aerial Color Photos. Publicly Distributed by MN Geo WMS Service.
2012 Aerial Color Photos. Publicly Distributed by Bing.
Topographic maps obtained via the National Geographic Society's USA Topo service through
ESRI.
Web Soil Survey for Hennepin County, MN. Retrieved from
http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 ( Orono,MN
LITERATURE REFERENCED
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and R.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31.
103pp.
Eggers, Steve D. and Donald M. Reed. 1997. Wetland Plants and Plant Communities of�
Minnesota and Wisconsin. US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District. 263pp, unclassified.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Gleason, H.A. and A.C. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United
States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 910pp.
Robert W. Lichvar and John T. Kartesz. 2009. North American Digital Flora: National Wetland
Plant List, version 2.4.0(https://wetland_plants.usace.arm. .Y n1i1). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering
Laboratory, Hanover, NH, and BONAP, Chapel Hill, NC.
Shaw, S.P., and C.G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlands of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Circular 39. 67pp.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. August 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps ofEngineers
Wetland Delineation Manual: Midwest Region (Version 2.0). ERDC/EL TR-10-16. Vicksburg,
MS: US Army Engineer Research and Development Center.
Svoboda Ecological Resources 2100 6th Avenue
Project Number: 2013-008-03 '] Orono,MN
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T11 gN R23w s2� public Waters Inventory � Figure 4
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� 2013-008
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T118N R23W S27 •
Approximate Wetland Boundary �igure 5
Overlaid on 2012 Aerial Photo
� 2013-008
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Field Data Sheets
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
ProjecUSite 2100 6th Avenue City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 6/11/13
ApplicanUOwner: Orono Woodlands Inc State: MN Sampling Point: SP 1-1 Up
Investigator(s): David Haar >ection,Township,Range: T118 R23 S27
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): hillslope Local relief(concave,convex,none): concave
Slope(%): 2 Lat: Long: Datum: WGS84
Soil Map Unit NameHamel-Glencoe dWl Classification: none
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation ,soil ,or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation ,soil ,or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? N Is the sampled area within a wetland? N
Indicators of wetland hydrology present? N `yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(Explain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator pominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 3 (A)
z Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 3 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100.00% (A/B)
0 =Total Cover
Saoling/Shrub stratun (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Frangula alnus 10 Y FACW Total%Cover of:
2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 5 Y FACW OBL species 0 x 1 = 0
3 FACW species 91 x 2= 182
4 FAC species 6 x 3= 18
5 FACU species 1 x 4= 4
15 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 98 (A) 204 (B)
1 Phalaris arundinacea 75 Y FACW Prevalence Index=B/A= 2.08
2 Solanum dulcamara 3 N FAC
3 Alliaria petiolafa 3 N FAC Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 Arctium minus 1 N FACU Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 URica dioica 1 N FACW X Dominance test is>50%
6 Unknown 0.1 N X Prevalence index is s3.0'
� Morphogical adaptations'(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation'
83.1 =Total Cover (explain)
Woodv vine stratum (PIOt Siz2: 30� ) 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 presenl,unless disturbed or problematic
Z y rop ytic
0 =Total Cover vegetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: SP 1-1 Up
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Ma rix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type' Loc" Texture Remarks
2 10yr 2l2 100 silty clay loam
20 10yr 2/2 95 10yr 5/4 5 D M silty clay
'Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. "Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
Histisol(A1) Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
Histic Epipedon(A2) Sandy Redox(S5) Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
Black Histic(A3) Stripped Matrix(S6) 5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
Stratified Layers(A5) Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
2 cm Muck(A10) Depleted Matrix(F3) Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) Redox Dark Surface(F6)
Thick Dark Surface(Al2) Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present7 N
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetiand Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is reouired:check all that aoolv) Secondarv Indicators(minimum of two reouired�
Surface Water(A1) Aquatic Fauna(813) Surface Soil Cracks(86)
High Water Table(A2) True Aquatic Plants(B14) Drainage Patterns(B10)
Saturation(A3) Hydrogen Sulfde Odor(C1) Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(B1) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots Cra�sh Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(82) (C3) Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(63) Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(B4) Recent Iro�Reduction in Tilled Soils Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(85) (C6) FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(B7) Thin Muck Surtace(C7)
Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8) Gauge or Well Data(D9)
Water-Stained Leaves(89) Other(Explain in Remarks)
Field Observations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches):
Water table present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Indicators of wetland
Saturation present? Yes No X Depth(inches): hydrology present? N
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM-Midwest Region
ProjecUSite 2100 6th Ave City/County: Orono/Hennepin Sampling Date: 6/11/13
ApplicanUOwner: Orono Woodlands Inc State: MN Sampling Point: SP 1-1 Wet
Investigator(s): David Haar �ection,Township,Range: T118 R23 S27
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): level Local relief(concave,convex,none): none
Slope(%): 0 Lat: Long: Datum: WGS84
Soil Map Unit Name Hamel Glencoe JWI Classification: none
Are climatic/hydrologic conditions of the site typical for this time of the year? (If no,explain in remarks)
Are vegetation ,soil ,or hydrology significantly disturbed? Are"normal circumstances"
Are vegetation ,soil ,or hydrology naturally problematic? present? Yes
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (If needed,explain any answers in remarks.)
Hydrophytic vegetation present? Y
Hydric soil present? Y Is the sampled area within a wetland? Y
Indicators of wetland hydrology present? Y `yes,optional wetland site ID:
Remarks:(6cpiain alternative procedures here or in a separate report.)
VEGETATION--Use scientific names of plants.
Absolute Dominan Indicator pominance Test Worksheet
Tree Stratum (Plot size: 30' ) %Cover t Species Staus Number of Dominant Species
1 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 2 (A)
2 Total Number of Dominant
3 Species Across all Strata: 2 (B)
4 Percent of Dominant Species
5 that are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 100.00% (A/B)
0 =Total Cover
Saolina/Shrub stratun (Plot size: 15' ) Prevalence Index Worksheet
1 Frangula alnus 30 Y FACW Total%Cover of:
2 OBL species 0 x 1 = 0
3 FACW species 103 x 2= 206
4 FAC species S x 3= 24
5 FACU species 4 x 4= 16
30 =Total Cover UPL species 0 x 5= 0
Herb stratum (Plot size: 5' ) Column totals 115 (A) 246 (B)
1 Phalaris arundinacea 70 Y FACW Prevalence Index=BIA= 2.14
2 Alliaria petiolata 7 N FAC
3 Arctium minus 3 N FACU Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
4 Urtica dioica 3 N FACW Rapid test for hydrophytic vegetation
5 Viola sp. 1 N X Dominance test is>50°/a
6 Cirsium arvense 1 N FACU X Prevalence index is<_3.0'
7 Solanum dulcamara 1 N FAC Morphogical adaptations'(provide
8 supporting data in Remarks or on a
9 separate sheet)
10 Problematic hydrophytic vegetation'
86 =Total Cover (explain)
Woody vine stratum (PIOt SiZB: 30� ) 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be
1 present,unless disturbed or problematic
2 y rop ytic
0 =Total Cover �egetation
present? Y
Remarks:(Include photo numbers here or on a separate sheet)
US Amy Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
SOIL Sampling Point: SP 1-1 Wet
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth M rix Redox Features
(Inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type' Loc" Texture Remarks
2 10yr 2/2 100 mucky silt clay loam
20 10yr 2/2 100 silty clay
'Type:C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,MS=Masked Sand Grains. *`Location:PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix
Hydric Soil Indicators: Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils:
Histisol(A1) Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(LRR K,L,R)
Histic Epipedon(A2) Sandy Redox(S5) Dark Surface(S7)(LRR K,L)
Black Histic(A3) Stripped Matrix(S6) 5 cm Mucky Peat or Peat(S3)(LRR K,L,R)
Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) X Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1) Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR K,L,R)
Stratified Layers(A5) Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
2 cm Muck(A10) Depleted Matrix(F3) Other(explain in remarks)
Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) Redox Dark Surface(F6)
Thick Dark Su�Face(Al2) Depleted Dark Surface(F7) *Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and weltand
Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) Redox Depressions(F8) hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or
problematic
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type: Hydric soil present? Y
Depth(inches):
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is reouired:check all that ao�ly� Secondarv Indicators(minimum of two reauiredl
Surface Water(A1) Aquatic Fauna(613) Surface Soil Cracks(B6)
High Water Table(A2) True Aquatic Plants(B14) Drainage Patterns(B10)
Saturation(A3) Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(C1) Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
Water Marks(B1) Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots Cra�sh Burrows(C8)
Sediment Deposits(B2) (C3) Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
Drift Deposits(83) Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)
Algal Mat or Crust(84) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils Geomorphic Position(D2)
Iron Deposits(B5) (C6) FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(B7) Thin Muck Surface(C7)
X Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(BS) Gauge or Well Data(D9)
X Water-Stained Leaves(B9) Other(Explain in Remarks)
Field Observations:
Surface water present? Yes No X Depth(inches):
Water table present? Yes No X Depth(inches): Indicators of wetland
Saturation present? Yes No X Depth(inches): hydrology present? Y
(includes capillary fringe)
Describe recorded data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Midwest Region
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Plant Indicator Status
INDICATOR CATEGORIES*
Obligate Wetland (OBL)—Occur almost always (estimated probability>99%) under natural
conditions in wetlands.
Facultative Wetland (FACV�—Usually occur in wetlands (estimated probability 67% -99%),
but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
Facultative (FAC)—Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability
34%- 66%).
Facultative Upland(FACin—Usually occur in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-
99%),but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1% -33%).
Obligate Upland(UPL)—Occur in wetlands in another region,but occur almost always
(estimated probability>99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the region specified. If
a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List.
*Reed, P.B. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: Minnesota. National
Wetlands Inventory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Petersburg, Florida.
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Soil Series Descriptions
Acquired from Natural Resource Conservation Service Website,Official Soil Series Descriptions
ANGUS SERIE S
The Angus series consists of very deep,well drained soils formed in calcareous loamy glacial till on
moraines and till plains.Permeability is moderate. Slopes range from 2 to 5 percent.Mean annual
precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual air temperature is about 46 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive,mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Angus loam with a convex slope of about 5 percent on a ground
moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 8 inches;black(lOYR 2/1) loam, dark grayish brown(lOYR 4/2) dry; weak fine
granular structure; friable;many very fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt
smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--8 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown(lOYR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium
angular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown(lOYR 4/3) clay films on ped
interiors; many very fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
Bt2--23 to 35 inches;brown(lOYR 4/3) clay loam;moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; firm; common faint very dark grayish brown(lOYR 3/2) clay films on faces of
peds and root channels; common very fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid;
clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 15 to 40 inches)
BC--35 to 40 inches;brown(lOYR 5/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; few faint brown(lOYR 4/3) clay films in root channels; about 4 percent
gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches
thick)
C--40 to 80 inches;brown(lOYR 5/3) loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct
grayish brown(2.SY 5/2) Fe depletion and common medium distinct yellowish brown
(lOYR 5/6)Fe concentrations; about 7 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly
alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 1 mile south of Montrose, 200
feet north and 80 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 118 N., R. 26 W.; USGS
Waverly quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 03 minutes 20 seconds N.; long. 93 degrees 54
minutes 38 seconds W.,NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free calcium carbonates ranges from 24
to 54 inches. Rock fragments of mixed lithology comprise 2 to 8 percent of the volume
throughout. Soil saturation occurs in the lower third of the series control section for
periods of one month or more. These soils are dry for more than 60 days in the soil
moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice. The clay
content ranges from 22 to 30 percent and the sand content ranges from 30 to 45 percent
throughout.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of lOYR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is
typically loam or clay loam, but silt loam, sandy loam and fine sandy loam are within the
range. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a E horizon with hue of lOYR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3.
It is loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay
loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. Redoximorphic features are present in the lower part of
the Bt horizon in some pedons. The B/A clay ratios range from 1.2 to 1.4 . It is strongly
acid to slightly acid in the upper part and moderately acid to neutral in the lower part.
A Bk horizon is present in some pedons.
The BC horizon has soil color and textures similar to the Bt and C horizon respectively.
Clay films are on ped faces or root channels. The reaction is slightly acid to slightly
alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 2.SY or lOYR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 5. It is loam
or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Redox depletions with chroma
of 2 or less are in this horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ai�b,yle, Baltimore, Bassett, Bloomin�;, Caleb,
Do�va�iac, Dunbi-icl�;c, Gara, Koronis, Lauramie, Lester, Longlois, Lvdick, Mohawk,
Neda, Newcomer, Oneco, Orwood, Racine, Razort, Sebbo, Taopi, Wauco�na, and
Winneslliek soils. The Argyle, Baltimore, Blooming, Gara Koronis, Lester, Lydick,
Mohawk, Razort and Taopi soils do not have soil saturation in the lower third of the
series control section for more than 1 consecutive month. The Bassett, Caleb, Orwood,
and Sebbo soils do not have free carbonates above a depth of 48 inches. Dowagiac soils
have sandy outwash sediments with less than 10 percent clay in the lower third of the
series control section. Dunbridge and Winneshiek soils have sola terminated by limestone
bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Lauramie soils are dry in some parts of the soil
moisture control section for less than 60 days during the 120 days following the summer
solstice. Longlois soils have 15 to 60 percent rock fra�nents in the lower half of the
series control section. Neda and Racine soils have less than 30 percent sand in the upper
one fourth of the series control section. Newcomer, Oneco and Waucoma soils have sola
terminated by a lithic contact at depths of 40 to 60 inches.
GEOGRAPffiC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on moraines or till plains.
Slopes range from 2 to 5 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till of late
Wisconsin Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F. Mean
annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free days range from 125 to 165.
Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These includes the Cordova, Dundas,
Glencoe, Hamel, Hou rll�oi�, Klc�ssnei•, and Lc Sueui• soils which formed in similar parent
materials. Poorly drained Cordova and Dundas soils are on flats and upper drainageways.
Very poorly drained Glencoe soils are in depressions and drainage channels. Poorly
drained Hamel soils are on footslopes or toeslopes. Very poorly drained Houghton and
Klossner soils are organic and are in depressions. Moderately well drained Le Sueur soils
are on slightly elevated flats and less sloping area.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff
is low. A seasonal high apparent water table is at 3.5 to 6 feet during March to June in
most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is
mixed prairie grasses and deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central and east-central Minnesota and
possibly northeastern Iowa. Moderate extent. MLRA-103.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Meeker County, Minnesota, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic
subgroup -the zone from the surface to a depth of 8 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon
-the zone from 8 to 35 inches (Bt horizons); This soil was previously included in the
Lester series. However, due to more investigations, it was concluded that Lester soils on
a slope of 2 to 5 percent have seasonal high water table between 3.5 and 6 feet rather than
6 feet or greater.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record number MN0830.
GLENCOE SERIES
The Glencoe series consists of very deep,very poorly drained soils that formed in loamy sediments from
glacial till on glacial moraines.These soils have moderate or moderately slow permeability. Slopes are 0 to
1 percent.Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive,mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Glencoe clay loam with a concave slope of less than 1 percent in a
depression on a ground moraine in cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless
otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 10 inches;black(N 2/0) clay loam;massive; friable; about 2 percent gravel;
cloddy; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 24 inches; black(N 2/0) clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;
friable; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of A
horizon is 16 to 32 inches.)
ABg--24 to 35 inches; very dark gray(SY 3/1) clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; friable; few tongues of dark olive gray(SY 3/2) and olive gray(SY 4/2); about
2 percent gravel; neutral; gradual irregular boundary. (0 to 26 inches thick)
Bg--35 to 48 inches; olive gray(SY 4/2) loam;moderate coarse subangular blocky
structure; friable: few tongues of very dark gray(SY 3/1); about 5 percent gravel;
common fine prominent light olive brown(2.SY 5/4) and common medium prominent
strong brown(7.SYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 30
inches thick)
Cg--48 to 60 inches; grayish brown(2.SY 5/2) loam; massive; friable; about 5 percent
gravel; many medium distinct light olive brown(2.SY 5/4)Fe concentrations; strongly
effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Steele County, Minnesota; about 5 miles northwest of Owatonna;
2,640 feet south, 2,660 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 108 N., R. 21 W.;
USGS Medford West quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 8 minutes 46 seconds N. and long. 93
degrees 17 minutes 45 seconds W.,NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates is 30 to 60 inches or
more. The Ap in a few pedons will have small amounts of free carbonates. The thickness
of the mollic epipedon ranges from 24 to 80 inches. The control section averages between
22 and 35 percent clay and from 15 to 30 percent fine sand and coarser. Rock fragments
of mixed lithology comprise 0 to 5 percent of the volume of the A and B horizons and 2
to 8 percent of the C horizon. Some pedons have an 0 horizon up to 6 inches in thickness.
A stratified substratum phase is recognized with silt loam, sand, sandy loam, and loamy
sand textures below 40inches.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of lOYR to SY or neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0
or 1. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam with 25 to 35 percent clay. Ponded phases
may have mucky modifiers. It is commonly neutral but ranges from slightly alkaline to
slightly acid.
AB horizon has colors and textures similar to the A and Bg horizons.
The Bg horizon has hue of SY or 2.SY, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Dark
colored tongues from the A horizon range from few to common. It is loam, clay loam or
silty clay loam. Near the center of some depressions, some pedons have B horizons that
have a slight clay increase relative to the A horizons. It is neutral to slightly alkaline, but
in some pedons the lower part of the B horizon is slightly alkaline with slight
effervescence. The Bg horizon is absent in some pedons.
The Cg horizon has hue of SY or 2.SY, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is loam,
clay loam or silty clay loam. It is slightly alkaline, with weak or strong effervescence.
Calcium carbonate segregations are present in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Colanci, Comfrev, Delft, Gielow, James Canvon,
Kecidic, Kimmerlin�;, Konner, McClave, Peoh, Roinnell, Shandet�, and Wenas series.
Coland and Comfrey soils do not have rock fra�nents in their control sections. In
addition, Coland soils are deeper to free carbonates. Delft soils are poorly drained, are not
in closed depressions, have prismatic structure in subsoil, and do not have tongues of the
A horizon in the Bg horizon. Gielow, James Canyon, Keddie, Kimmerling, Konner,
McClave, Peoh, and Wenas soils are drier in the soil moisture control section during the
120 days following the summer solstice. Romnell soils contain appreciable amounts of
gypsum in their sola. Shandep soils do not have tongues of A horizon in the Bg horizon
and have a coarse textured 2C horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Glencoe soils typically are in closed depressions or low
gradient swales within the Des Moines lobe of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. The
Glencoe soils are formed in loamy colluvial sediments and loamy glacial till. Mean
annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges
from 25 to 32 inches. The frost free days range from 124 to 172. The elevation above sea
level range from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Canisteo, Clarion, H�II�t�S,
Nicollc;t, and Webstcr soils. The well drained Clarion soils are on the sloping uplands.
Somewhat poorly drained Nicollet and the poorly drained Canisteo, Webster, and Harps
soils are on nearly level to gently undulating slopes. All the above have mollic epipedons
less than 24 inches thick. In addition, the Canisteo and Harps soils contain free
carbonates throughout. The Glencoe soils also are associated with the Ha den and Lcstcr
soils and their respective topographic associates in some places.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Surface runoff is
negligible. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly drained and cropped to corn and soybeans. Native
vegetation was a wet site plant community of the tall grass prairie plant formation.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Minnesota and possibly north- central
Iowa. Large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dakota County, Minnesota, 1945.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic
epipedon-the zone from the surface to a depth of 35 inches (Ap, A, and ABg horizons);
cumulic subgroup-mollic epipedon is more than 24 inches thick; aquic moisture regime-
low chroma immediately below the A horizons.
HAMEL SERIE S
The Hamel series consists of very deep,poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in
slope colluvium and glacial till on moraines.These soils have moderately slow permeability.Their slopes
range from 1 to 4 percent.Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual air temperature is
about 47 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hamel loam with a 2 percent concave slope on a glacial moraine in
a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 10 inches;black(l 0YR 2/1) loam, very dark brown(lOYR 2/2) dry; weak very
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 1 percent gravel;
neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 16 inches; black(l 0YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray(1 OYR 3/1)dry; weak very
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel;
neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizon is 14 to 30 inches.)
AB--16 to 24 inches; very dark gray(lOYR 3/1) clay loam, dark grayish brown(lOYR
4/2) dry; many fine prominent brown(7.SYR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderate fine
angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; neutral;
gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
Btgl--24 to 40 inches; very dark grayish brown(2.SY 3/2) clay loam, grayish brown
(lOYR 5/2)dry; many fine prominent brown(7.SYR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderate
medium prismatic structure; friable; few black(lOYR 2/1) clay films on faces of peds;
about 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg2--40 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown(2.SY 4/2) clay loam; many coarse prominent
brown(7.SYR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
friable; few black (lOYR 2/1) clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; neutral;
clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Btg horizons is 12 to 30 inches.)
Cg1--46 to 55 inches; olive gray(SY 5/2) loam; many medium prominent yellowish
brown(lOYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; friable; about 3 percent gravel; slightly
effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2--55 to 80 inches; olive gray(SY 5/2) loam; many medium prominent yellowish
brown(lOYR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; friable; about 4 percent gravel; slightly
effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 1.5 miles southwest of Silver
Creek, 1200 feet south and 2300 feet west of the northeast corner of Sec. 18, T.121 N.,
R.26 W., USGS Annandale quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 17 minut�s 34 seconds N.; long.
94 degrees 00 minutes 13 seconds W.,NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates range from 30 to 65
inches. The mollic epipedon thickness ranges from 24 to 60 inches. Typically the upper
colluvim contains less than 2 percent gravel by volume and the lower part contains 2 to 6
percent gravel by volume of mixed lithology.
The A horizons have hue of lOYR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2.
Typically it is loam or clay loam, but silt loam or silty clay loam are within the range. It
has coatings of clean sand and silt particles in the lower part of the A horizon in some
pedons. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The Btg horizon has hue of lOYR, 2.SY, or SY, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is
clay loam, silty clay loam high in sand, or loam. It has between 25 and 35 percent clay
and 15 to 35 percent fine sand and coarser. It has B/A clay ratios of 1.2 to 1.4. It has few
to many, faint to prominent clay films. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of a 2.SY or SY, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or
clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The clay content ranges from 18
to 32 percent and the total sand content ranges from 25 to 45 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alvada, Bariv, Bervillc, I3rookston,
Buntir��ville, Clackainas, Cordova, Forestcity, Ja�neston, Maren�o, Mil1grove, Navan,
Noso»i, Reilsselaer, and Westland soils. The Alvada series (Tentative - OH) is not in the
OSD file at this time. The Barry, Berville, Brookston, Cordova, Marengo, Millgrove,
Navan, Rensselaer, and Westland soils have a mollic epipedon that is less than 24 inches
thick. The Buntingville soils have carbonates at depths of less than 20 inches. The
Clackamas and Nosoni soils lack free carbonates in the series control section.
The Forestcity soils have 45 to 65 percent sand and 10 to 18 percent clay in the
underlying material. The Jamestown soils formed in a firm and very firm till associated
with the Iowan Erosional surface.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hamel soils have concave slopes in swales, rims of closed
depressions, foot and toe slopes, and upper drainageways below sloping to very steep
slopes. Slope gadients are 1 to 4 percent. Hamel soils formed in slope colluvium and
glacial till of Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature is about 45 to 48
degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 25 to 30 inches. Frost free days range from
125 to 165. Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are principally the Hayden and
Lester soils. These soils are well drained and are on the higher lying, gently sloping to
very steep slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained.
Surface runoff is low or moderately low. Permeability is moderately slow. The apparent
seasonal high water table is at .5 to 1.5 feet for the poorly drained phase and 1.5 to 2.5
feet for the somewhat poorly drained phase during spring in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is cropped to corn, hay, soybeans, and
small grains. However, significant areas are in pasture and forest. Native vegetation is
mixed wet prairie grasses and deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Primarily in the southeast one-quarter of Minnesota
in the timbered,hilly, "gray" till region. Moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic
epipedon-the zone from the surface to a depth of 40 inches (Ap, A, AB and Btgl);
argillic horizon-the zone from 24 to 46 inches(Btgl, Btg2,). Type location moved from
Hennepin County, Mn. to Wright County, Mn., 11/96 to better exemplify the series
concept.
A somewhat poorly drained overwash phase is recognized that has 8 to 20 inches of
colluvium over the original dark colored surface.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 785 for results of some
laboratory analysis of this series.
LESTER SERIES
The Lester series consists of very deep,well drained soils that formed in calcareous loamy glacial till on till
plains and moraines.T'hese soils have moderate permeability.Their slopes range from 5 to 70 percent.
Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.Mean annual temperature is about 47 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lester loam with a convex slope of about 9 percent on a ground
moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown(lOYR 3/2) loam, grayish brown(lOYR 5/2)
dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent
gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--7 to 21 inches;brown(lOYR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; firm; many very fine roots; common very dark grayish brown(lOYR 3/2) clay
films on faces of peds and few very dark gray(lOYR 3/1)organic coats on faces of peds;
about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--21 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown(lOYR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common dark grayish brown
(lOYR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and few very dark brown(lOYR 2/2) organic
coats on faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
(Combined Bt horizon is 10 to 40 inches.)
Bk1--38 to 50 inches; yellowish brown(lOYR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common very pale brown(lOYR 8/2) carbonate
threads; about 2 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy
boundary.
Bk2--50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown(lOYR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; common fine distinct yellowish brown(lOYR 5/6)relict Fe
concentrations; common very pale brown(l 0YR 8/2) carbonate threads; about 2 percent
gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C--60 to 80 inches; yellowish brown(lOYR 5/4) loam; ; massive; friable; common
medium distinct yellowish brown(l 0YR 5/6)relict Fe concentrations and few fine
distinct light brownish gray(lOYR 6/2)relict Fe depletions; about 1 percent gravel;
strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 3 miles west of Otsego, 1460
feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of Sec. 15, T.121 N., R.24 W.; USGS
Big Lake quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 17 minutes 29 seconds N.; long. 93 degrees 41
minutes 3 seconds W., NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates ranges from 20 to 54
inches. Rock fragments of mixed lithology comprise 1 to 8 percent of the volume of the
control section.
The A or Ap horizons have hue of lOYR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The E
horizon where present, has value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. The A and E horizons
are loam or clay loam, but sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam is within the range.
They range from moderately acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay
loam or loam and has 24 to 35 percent clay and 30 to 45 percent sand. The B/A clay
ratios range from 1.2 to 1.4. It is strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and
moderately acid to neutral in the lower part. A Bw horizon is sometimes present below
the Bt.
The Bk horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SYR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The Bk
horizon is loam or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Relict
redoximorphic features are present in some pedons.
The C horizon has hue of 2.SY or lOYR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam
or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Relict redoximorphic features
are present in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Angus, Aa'�yle, Baltin�ore, Bassett, E31oon1in�,
Caleb, Dowa riac, Dunbrid�e, Gara, I<oronis, Lauramie, Lon =�lois, Lvdick, Mohawk,
Neda, Newco�ner, Oneco, Or�voud, Racine, Razort, Sebbo, Tao i, Waucoma, and
Winneshiek soils in the same family. Angus and Sebbo soil have saturation in the lower
third of the series control section. Argyle, Baltimore, and Oneco soils have B horizons
with 7.SYR or redder hue. Bassett soils are very strongly acid to moderately acid in the
upper part of the Bt horizon. Blooming and Racine soils have 15 to 35 percent sand in the
upper part of the particle-size control section. Caleb soils have some subhorizons that
have more than 45 percent in the lower part of the control section. Dowagiac and Koronis
soils have less than 24 percent clay in the lower one third of the particle-size control
section. Dunbridge, Waucoma, Newcomer and Winneshiek soils have sola terminated by
bedrock at depths above 60 inches. Gara soils average less than 2 percent rock fragments
in the control section. Longlois, Lydic, and Neda soils have more than 8 percent rock
fragments in some subhorizon of the control section. Lauramie soils have more than 45
percent sand in some subhorizon in the middle part of the control section. Mohawk soils
have a higher content of silt and have dark colors in the B horizon which apparently are
inherited from dark shale. Orwood soils have no rock fragments in the particle-size
control section. Razort soils have less than 30 percent sand in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on moraines and till plains.
Slope gradients range from 5 to 70 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till
of late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 degrees to 52 degrees
F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 33 inches. Frost free days range from 125
to 165. Elevations range from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Cordova, Dundas,
Glencoe, Hamel, H<�u�htoil, Klossner, Le Sueur, Muske�o, and Nessel soils. Poorly
drained Cordova and somewhat poorly and poorly drained Dundas soils are on flats and
upper drainageways with a high seasonal water table. Very poorly drained Glencoe,
Houghton, Klossner, and Muskego soils are mostly in depressions. Poorly drained Hamel
soils are on foot and toe slopes. Moderately well drained Le Sueur and Nessel soils are on
slightly elevated flats and gently convex slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff
is medium to high.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Some is in pasture
and forest. Native vegetation is savanna.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central and east-central Minnesota and
northeastern Iowa. Extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dakota County, Minnesota, 1945.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and featured recognized in this pedon are: mollic
subgroup -the zone from the surface to 7 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon -the zone
from 7 to 38 inches(Bt horizons). Type location moved from Waseca County, Mn. to
Wright County, Mn., 11/96 to better exemplify the series concept within the MLRA.
Slopes of 1 to 5 percent that were previously correlated as Lester may be included with
the Angus series in the future.
LE SUEUR SERIES
The Le Sueur series consists of very deep,somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in calcazeous loamy
glacial till on moraines.These soils have moderate permeability.Their slopes range from 1 to 3 percent.
Mean annual precipitation is about 29 inches.Mean annual air temperature is about 47 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy,mixed, superactive,mesic Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Le Sueur clay loam with a 2 percent plane slope on glacial till plain
in a pastured woodlot. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--O to 12 inches; black(lOYR 2/1) clay loam, dark grayish brown(lOYR 4/2)dry;
moderate medium granular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular; friable;
about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
AB--12 to 17 inches; very dark gray(lOYR 3/1) and about 25 percent dark yellowish
brown(lOYR 4/4) clay loam, grayish brown(lOYR 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular
blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0
to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--17 to 24 inches; olive brown(2.SY 4/3) clay loam;moderate medium prismatic
structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; friable; common dark brown(l 0YR
3/3) clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent gravel; few fine faint dark gayish brown
(2.SY 4/2) Fe depletions; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--24 to 37 inches; olive brown(2.SY 4/3) clay loam; weak medium prismatic
structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common very dark grayish
brown(2.SY 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; about 4 percent gravel; few
fine faint grayish brown(2.SY 5/2) Fe depletions and few fine prominent dark yellowish
brown(lOYR 4/6) Fe concentrations; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined
thickness of the Bt horizon is 16 to 45 inches.)
Bk--37 to 46 inches; light olive brown(2.SY 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; common light gray pale brown(2.SY 7/2) soft masses of carboante
throughout and carbonate threads; about 5 percent gravel; common medium distinct
grayish brown(2.SY 5/2) Fe depletions and common medium distinct light olive brown
(2.SY 5/6) Fe concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth
boundary.
C--46 to 80 inches; grayish brown(2.SY 5/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure parting to massive; friable; common light gray pale brown(2.SY 7/2) soft
masses of carbonate throughout and carbonate threads; about 5 percent gravel; many
common medium prominent dark yellowish brown(lOYR 4/4) and dark yellowish brown
(lOYR 4/6) Fe concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Waseca County, Minnesota; about 9 miles south of Waseca; 2000
feet south and 1950 feet south of northwest corner of sec. 26, T. 108 N., R. 22 W.; USGS
Morrisontown quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 7 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 93 de�rees
26 minutes 45 seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates ranges from 22 to 55
inches. The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 18 inches. Rock fragment
content is 1 to 8 percent by volume throughout and is of mixed lithology.
The A horizon has hue of l OYR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A horizon is
clay loam, loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam. It has 20 to 30 percent clay. It is moderately
acid to neutral. An E horizon as much as 3 inches thick is in some pedons.
The AB horizon has characteristics similar to the A and the Bt.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of
2 or 3. The lower part of the Bt horizon has a hue of 2.SY, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of
2 to 4. The Bt horizon is mostly clay loam or loam. The argillic horizon averages between
24 and 35 percent clay and from 15 to 40 percent fine sand or coarser. The Bt horizon is
strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and strongly acid to neutral in the lower
part. The bulk density ranges from 1.30 to 1.45 gm/cc.
Some pedons have a BC or Bk horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 2.SY or SY, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or
clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The bulk density ranges from
1.45 to 1.60 gm/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Andres, Aurand(T), Aztalan, Crane, Darr-o�h,
Gilboa, Houstei�ac��;r(T), La Ho�ue, Marcellon, Mokena, Nachusa, Nenno, Ncwhaven,
Odell, Protivin, Tidcrishi, Vig�3r, and Wilmer series. The Aurand(T) and Tiderishi series
are presently not in the OSD file. The Andres, Aztalan, and Mokena soils have silty clay
loam lower B and C horizons. Aztalan soils also have hue of 7.SYR in the B and C
horizons. Crane soils have more than 8 percent rock fra�nents in the lower part of the
argillic horizon. Darroch soils have C horizons of stratified silty and sandy sediments
within the series control section. Gilboa soils have silt loam and silty clay loam in the
upper part of the series control section. Houstenader soils have 30 to 40 percent gavel in
the lower third of the series control section. La Hogue soils have less than 20 percent clay
in the lower part of the series control section. Marcellon soils have less than 24 percent
clay in the argillic horizon. Nachusa soils do not have rock fragments in the upper part of
the series control section. Nenno soils have more than 8 percent rock fragments in the
lower part of the series control section. Newhaven soils do not have free carbonates in the
series control section. Odell soils have hue of lOYR in the lower B and C horizons and
higher chroma in the upper B horizon. Protivin soils have bulk density greater than 1.60
gm/cc in the lower part of the series control section. Vigar soils have a mollic epipedon
greater than 24 inches thick. Wilmer soils have more than 40 percent fine sand or coarser
in the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Le Sueur soils have slightly concave, plane, or slightly
convex slopes on moraines within the Des Moines lobe and Grantsburg sublobe of the
Late Wisconsin glaciation. They formed in a calcareous, loamy till. Slopes range from 1
to 3 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degees F. Mean annual
precipitation ranges from 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free days range from 125 to 165.
Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the Cordova,
Lester, and Hamel soils. These soils formed in materials similar to the Le Sueur soils and
are members of a hydrosequence with the Le Sueur soils. The poorly drained Cordova
and Hamel soils are common associates on adjacent nearly level slopes. The well drained
Lester soils are the most common associate on the undulating to gently undulating slopes.
The well drained Ha den soils and the poorly drained Dundas soils are associates in some
places.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is
low. Permeability is moderate. An apparent water table is at 1.5 to 2.5 feet during
November to June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly under cultivation with corn, soybeans, grain, and
hay the principal crops. Native vegetation was deciduous forest, dominantly elm,
basswood, and maple in some areas, and oak with prairie and brush understory in the
timber outliers within the prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Minnesota and north-central Iowa.
This soil is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Le Sueur County, Minnesota, 1944.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic
epipedon-the zone from the surface to 13 inches (A and AB horizons); argillic horizon-
the zone from 13 to 41 inches (Bt horizons); aquic subgoup-hue of lOYR and chroma of
2 immediately below mollic epipedon.
Somewhat poorly drained matches depth to redox (2 chroma at 17 inches) and taxonomic
class (Aquic subgroup) closer than the previous moderately well drained class.
THE TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SECTION
Wetland Definition
WETLAND DEFINITION
According to the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "Wetlands Delineation Manual" (1987
Manual; the document used by all delineators to define wetlands) a wetland is "Those areas that
are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to
support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically
adapted for life in saturated soil conditions." The Minnesota State Wetland Conservation Act
Rules, Chapter 8420, further clarifies that "...wetlands must: (1) have a predominance of hydric
soils; (2) be inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration
sufficient to support a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated
soil conditions; and (3) under normal circumstances, support a prevalence of hydrophytic
vegetation." The 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Manual in Part II, item 24. states that,
"The interaction of hydrology, vegetation, and soil results in the development of characteristics
unique to wetlands. Therefore, the following technical guidelines for wetlands are based on the
three parameters, and diagnostic environmental characteristics used in applying the technical
guideline are represented by various indicators of these parameters." It is this premise by which
SER ecologists has, in their professional judgment, delineated the wetlands on the subject parcel
described in this report.
Wetland Hydrolog,y
The most important wetland criterion is hydrology. The presence and persistence of water
influences the vegetation types and changes soil morphology. Hydrology may be observed as
standing water(inundation), or may be observed as freestanding water within the soil pit or auger
hole (saturation) usually within the upper 12 inches. This is what would be considered primary
hydrology indicators. Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that
wetland hydrology indeed exists. The 1987 Corps Manual also has a range of hydrologic zones
established based on period of inundation or saturation. These zones and the periods of
inundation or saturation for each can be observed in Table 1 below.
Exc ted from the 1987 Manual,H drolo ic Zones—Nontidal Areas
Zone Name Duration Comments Wetland or Not
I Permanently Inundated 100% Inundation>6.6 ft.mean Not(Aquatic Habitat Zone,or Deep Water
water d th Habitat
Semipermanently To Nearly �75_ Inundation defined as
II Permanently Inundated Or <100% �6.6 feet mean water Wetland
Saturated de th
III Regularly Inundated Or �25-75% Wetland
Saturated
Seasonally Inundated Or <12.5-
N Saturated 25% Wetland
Many areas having these
Irregularly Inundated or o Wetland(if hydrophytic veg.and hydric
V Saturated >5-12.5/o hydrologic characteristics soils also present
are not wetlands
Intermittently Or Never a •v'eas with these
VI Inundated Or Saturated <5/o hydrologic characteristics Not
are not wetlands
A-1
The definition of appropriate hydrology according to the 1987 Manual includes two important
terms that must be clarified. First, the definition of a growing season is needed. The growing
season is defined in the 1987 Manual as: "...the portion of the year when soil temperature
(measured 19.7 inches below the surface) is above biological zero (5° C or 41° F)." According to
the 1987 Manual this period of time can be approximated by using the "starting and ending dates
for the growing season based on a 28° F air temperature threshold at a frequency of 5 years in
10." Based on this definition the growing season ranges approximately 160 days to 180 days in
the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area(160 in the northern suburbs and greater to the south).
Therefore, the required inundation or saturation to the surface for 5% of the growing season
would be 8 or 9 consecutive days that ground water would need to be at the surface or saturated
to the surface.
The second term in the appropriate hydrology definition from the above paragraph to be clarified
is "in most years". This means in 5 of 10 years hydrology must exist within a "jurisdictional
wetland" for the 8 or 9 consecutive days of the growing season. This means that one observation
date or even one whole year worth of detailed hydrology data may be deemed insufficient to
determine if appropriate hydrology exists at a given location. In the event that precipitation
events accumulate to above or below normal during just prior to a site visit or during a more
intensive hydrology study, the data may be confounded by non-normal circumstances and may
be considered outside the bounds of "most years". Ideally, both antecedent soil moisture
conditions and precipitation would be normal during all delineations. However, this is not a
realistic impression of climate. Therefore, primary indicators of hydrology must be reviewed
with scrutiny prior to determining if hydrology indeed exists.
Wetland hydrology may be observed as standing water (inundation), or may be observed as
freestanding water within a soil pit or auger hole (saturation)usually within the upper 12 inches.
This is what would be considered primary hydrology indicators. Examination of this indicator
requires digging a soil pit to a depth of 16 inches and observing the level at which water stands
after sufficient time has been allowed for water to drain into the hole. The required time will
vary depending on soil texture. This level represents the depth to the water table; the depth to
saturated soils will always be nearer the surface due to the capillary fringe. According to the
Hydrology criteria in the 1987 Delineation Manual, for soil saturation to impact vegetation, it
must occur within a major portion of the root zone, typically within 12 inches of the surface.
Only one primary indicator is necessary to make the determination that wetland hydrology is
present. However, since a single observation is not enough evidence, based on the percentage of
the growing season this inundation or saturation is required, these data are only valid when
reviewed while also considering the abundance of recent precipitation events or the seasonal
trend of climate when the site visit was made (this may be done through review of precipitation
records where available). In addition to the primary indicators of wetland hydrology, there are
secondary indicators (e.g. oxidized root channels, water-stained leaves, local soil survey data,
FAC-Neutral test), of which two must be present to consider the sample point as having wetland
hydrology.
A-2
Hydrophytic Vegetation(Wetland Vegetation)
Wetland vegetation is defined in the 1987 Manual as "The sum total of macrophytic plant life
growing in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen as a result of
excessive water content. When hydrophytic vegetation comprises a community where indicators
of hydric soils and wetland hydrology also occur, the area has wetland vegetation." In more
standard terms, some plants are more adapted to growing within inundated or saturated soil.
Based on literature records and professional experience, a panel of experts compiled a list of
plant species and assigned each a hydrophytic status (described below and includes five major
classes of probability of a plant occurring within a wetland).
In terms of delineation there is a gradient of plant species that are adapted to "growing in water
or on substrate that is at least periodically deficient of oxygen". Fieldwork associated with
wetland delineations includes a procedure (the 50/20 Rule, for determination of dominance),
which is also outlined in the 1987 Manual, by which to determine if hydrophytic plant species
dominate the vegetation at a given location. This procedure has been used for the wetland
delineation at the subject parcel of this report.
Hydric Soi!
Defined in the 1987 Manual as "A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during
the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of
hydrophytic vegetation. Hydric soils that occur in areas having positive indicators of
hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology are wetland soils."
For the purposes of delineation of wetlands, soils cannot be viewed without digging pits or
extracting soil using an auger. Therefore, transects of soil samples are taken from perceived
upland to perceived wetlands along a transitional boundary. There are specific color indicators,
textures, and depth requirements in the soil that are reviewed in order to determine whether
hydric soils occur at a given point or not. After a transect of soil samples has been taken, upon
consideration of vegetation and indicators of appropriate hydrology a working prototype for the
given wetland is developed by the delineator. The wetland delineator then uses this working
prototype to complete the location of the remainder of the wetland boundary, unless the wetland
is large enough or the landscape features (vegetation or topography) change enough to warrant
additional transect samples.
A-3
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Wetland 1
An example of the vegetative transition from an open, herbaceous wet
meadow to a shrub dominated, sparsely herbaceous adjacent upland.
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Wetland 1
An example of the evidence of wetland hydrology located at the site. A
sparsely vegetated concave surface is found here amidst dense reed
canary grass.