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The developer will retain ISG as a consultant (or other contractor of their choice) for the <br /> purpose of monitoring the vegetation management activities within the buffer area for the <br /> time period of three years, where the chosen contractor will visit the site twice per year. <br /> The developer will request notification by the city of Orono before an on-site inspection is <br /> conducted by the city(or its designated authority). The developer's inspection contractor <br /> will report the progress of the monitoring activities to the developer after each site visit and <br /> will also discuss any issues with the city of Orono at the time of the scheduled on-site <br /> inspection. <br /> CONTROL OF EXISTING BUCKTHORN <br /> Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) is established throughout the project area as <br /> understory of forested areas, and as monoculture stands in upland areas where the site had <br /> been previously clear-cut. Seed carried by birds has helped introduce this species <br /> throughout the region. Buckthorn generally does well in moderately shady forested areas. <br /> Buckthorn can usually be found throughout the Twin Cities in fragmented woods or city <br /> lots and invades first from forest edges and slowly moves inwards. Buckthorn has been <br /> successful at establishing itself in these woods due to its long growing season,rapid growth <br /> rate,and copious fruit production. This establishment of buckthorn has multiple ecological <br /> detriments such as out competing native plants,disrupting the forest structure,and reducing <br /> plant species diversity. These detriments have lead to major efforts to prevent the spread <br /> of buckthorn and restore the forests to an ecologically productive and functional state. <br /> Proper management and yearly follow-ups will be necessary for this site due to the seed <br /> bank left behind by buckthorn which can regenerate for up to 6 years after removal has <br /> taken place. <br /> To eradicate the existing buckthorn,cut the plants and treat the stumps with herbicide such <br /> as Roundup (or its counterpart in wet areas, Rodeo). Application should be full-strength. <br /> When cutting the larger buckthorn,place flags near the stump so that stumps are not missed <br /> when the chemical treatment is applied. Herbicide treatment needs to occur within two <br /> hours of cutting to be effective. <br /> If cutting is to take place in the winter, flag buckthorn so that similarly appearing native <br /> plants such as black cherry are not mistaken as buckthorn. One application of glyphosate <br /> (Roundup or Rodeo) on the outer growth rings of a freshly cut stump in August or <br /> September has proven to be effective,though other treatments are known to work as well <br /> (Converse 2003). Applications during the autumn or winter are also proven to be <br /> successful. Do not apply glyphosate or other chemicals during the spring because this is <br /> considered the spring-flush growth period in which sap is running and the plant is using <br /> stored energy. Therefore, the chemicals that are applied in the spring will not make their <br /> way down to the buckthorn's roots. Glyphosate is a nonselective herbicide that will kill <br /> non-target plants if it comes into contact with them. Managers should exercise caution <br /> during application,and not spray so heavily that herbicide drips off the target species. For <br /> areas that are adjacent to wetlands on site,chemical treatments must be labeled for aquatic <br /> use such as Rodeo. <br /> 16-19986 Franzel Addition -800 North Arm Dr. <br /> Vegetation Management Plan <br />