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EPS Geofoam 2001,3rd International Conference, Salt Lake City,December 2001 2 <br /> a 3 �31 <br /> 4 <br /> y p mom. •s s�t �: `° <br /> K. <br /> Figure 1.An EPS embankment for a city tramline in Oslo with vertical walls as an alternative to a bridge. <br /> The monitoring programme has focused on the following material qualities: <br /> • Material behaviour <br /> -Compressive strength <br /> - Water absorption <br /> -Decay <br /> • Deformation <br /> -Total fill deformation and deformation in EPS layers <br /> -Creep effects <br /> • Stress distribution <br /> • Reduced lateral pressure <br /> • Bearing capacity <br /> � a <br /> I <br /> TESTING.FREQUENCIES �� <br /> Since 1972,several tests have been carried out in order to monitor <br /> possible material changes.In this connection test samples have been � ��� <br /> retrieved from existing fills to be checked for possible changes in <br /> strength and unit density.Also variations in water absorption for blocks <br /> placed in drained,submerged or semi-submerged positions have been <br /> observed.In order to determine the stress distribution within blocks and <br /> fills both laboratory and field tests have been performed.Finally load <br /> creep effects have been observed both in the laboratory and on existing <br /> fills. Figure 2.Excavation of the first EPS <br /> embankment at Flom bridge <br /> In Norway test samples have been retrieved from a total of five fills. <br /> Long term performance and durability of EPS as a lightweight filling material <br />