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'� ' ' '
<br /> Descr�pt�ve Term�nology
<br /> ' ��I M Designation D 2487—83
<br /> Standard Test Method for
<br /> , CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES
<br /> PARTICLE SIZE IDENTIFICATION
<br /> SOIL LLFSSIFICATION I
<br /> CPIIERlF FOF ASSIGNfNG GIt0117 SYMBOLS PNO (iiOUP .
<br /> � fA0U7 NAMES USING u180RAiqlY iESTS a SYMBOL CAOUV NAME o � Boulders
<br /> '�. ........................_.. OV@f�2„
<br /> canve_s aenn caave�s c„ ,a a�e : � c�_3 e �w ueii-y��aee gravel f Cobbles ............................ 3"t0 12.,
<br /> ' I �_ �� rbre tnan SOf oF � Less enan 5x ���e:: VV- —. �, Gravel ...........................
<br /> o � � coarse fraction. � 4 ana-o� i >C� >3 e GP Poorly gradeE grave� f Coarse . �!+"—3��
<br /> i retainea on
<br /> � No, o siere �� dtFVELS HiTn F;NES �'Fines class�f as ML or MH GM S+It ravel t�9�� Fine.............................. No.4—'��"
<br /> _ , �More t�an 121 finez��,Fines class�fy as CL or CM GC Ctayey gravel f•9•� i, �
<br /> Sand
<br /> ' � SPXDS CLEAN SuNOS 'i C�_ti ane I <L� < J e SM Mell-graCeE SanG ' �� ' �
<br /> ��� SOS or more of �� Less tnan 5%fines a� Coarse ........................... No.4—No. 10
<br /> ' �` �oa�se f��c;o�' c� <e a�aio� i >c� % 3 e sP Poorly 9rade0 sanE � Medium :::::::::::::::::::::::::: No. 10—No.40
<br /> � i Dasses No. 0
<br /> 5�eve �SAND$MITH FINES �Fines class�f as ML or MH SM Silt SanG 9•�•� Fine... No.40—No.200
<br /> i
<br /> ` E I �Ib�E[�dn 12S fines 4 FineS Claisify a5 LL Or CM $C Llay2y sand 9�h�� Silt..�............................... No.200—.005 mm
<br /> , Pi >� a�a o�oc:o�o� mo�e c� �e�<rar k•'•m Clay ............................... less than.005 mm
<br /> , _ , � inorganic _�p., iine J � .
<br /> ' $ILTS RND C.FY$
<br /> , LiQuiE , mt[ PI �6 or p1ot5 Oelow"A" line� ML Silt 4,I�m
<br /> � o= ,ess�"^^5°' RELATIVE DENSITY OF
<br /> � ;a i; t -o„e„a�,ea a9d���Clay k, I,m COHESIONLESS SOILS
<br /> �. organic Lip ia T mit - not eneC c 0.75 OL p'.ganic silt k, � m.o .�'.
<br /> I - vI o�ots on o� aeo�e "ti^ i+�e CH Fat��ar k•'•m very loose ....................................0— 4 BPF
<br /> , jl ti si�rs allo c�arz _ _ IOOS@......................................... 5—10 BPF
<br /> �E �"°�9a"�° medium dense . . 11 —30 BPF
<br /> . LipuiU '� mit 7I plo[s Celow"A" line MH Elastic silt k,1,m
<br /> � wx o�'ma�e dense ........................ .............31 —50 BPF
<br /> ; �� '
<br /> � " o�yao;� , uq��a i;m;c o�e�a�;ea �o.�s oN a�9a�;� a.Y k; �;m.o very dense ....................................... 50+BPF
<br /> , ' Li uia imi��e0 Or anic silt m 7 ,
<br /> Drimarily orya��c ma:!er,aark in color, anG PT �Peat
<br /> Nighly orga��c so�lz . organic �o� CONSISTENCY OF COHESIVE SOILS
<br /> a. aasea on tne mater+at oass+nq tne 3-�� (�5-mm� s+e�e. VBfy SOft ......................................O— 1 BPF
<br /> ' � b. If fie10 samDle conta+neE coDEles anA/or ooulGers, aGa "w5th coODles anE/or poulders" [o grouD��e. SOft .......:::::::::::::::::::..::::::::::::::. Z— 3 BPF
<br /> c. Gravels•�th S[0 122 fines reQulre aual SymDo�S
<br /> a-cn .eii graeeE gravel .;cn s;ie rather soft . .4— 5 BPF
<br /> 6i-GC well graEeE grarel witn clay
<br /> �v-c,�+ poorly graEeO grarel .;cn snc mediUm ....................... ............ 6— 8 BPF
<br /> 6P-GC 000�iy 9�aaee grayel �;c��iaY rather stiff.....................................9—12 BPF
<br /> E. Sanaz ritn 5 to 12i fines reQuire Aual symCols
<br /> ' su-sn `+en gra�eE saiM.;cn s;ic stiff ............... ....................... 13—16 BPF
<br /> SM-SC weil graaeE sanE rith clay
<br /> sv-sn poo�iy y�aeea sa�a w;cn 5nc very Stiff ..................................... 17—30 BPF
<br /> sP-st voo�ty qraeea sane itn c�ay hefd
<br /> �D30�z . .. 30+BPF
<br /> e. Cu��60��10 �c �l�� �
<br /> 10 60
<br /> f. „ �;, �o�ta;�s > ISf sand,aUd 'wit� �.�a• �a 9�0�,��e. DRILLING NOTES
<br /> ' g. If fines classify as CL�1LX use aual symboi GC-('iM. SC-SM.
<br /> n. [f fines are organic,aCA ritn organic finez^ta group nane.
<br /> ' If sa�i co�tains > 15f gravel,aCA"wi[�9rarel" to group nsne.
<br /> j. If AtterCerg ,;m;« o�o� ;� natcnea d�ea, �o+� +s a c�-��, sntr��.,. Standard penetration test borings wereadvanced by 3v<"or 6Y<"
<br /> k. If soil cmtains 15 to 29f pluz No. Z00, a00 "ritn sanC" or•ritn gravel" ynicnever is preCaninant.
<br /> ,. �r 50;, �o�ta;�s >3os o��s ra. zoo, p�eaan;nanciy sa�a, aaa °5a�or•�o v�o�o�me. I.D.hollow-stem augers unless noted othecwise.Jetting water was
<br /> ir so;� �o�ca���>30:o��s�. '�, GreEoninantly gravel,aEd "gravelty"to 9�o�P��. usedtocleanoutaugerpriortosamplingonlywhereindicatedon
<br /> n. PI >0 anE plots on or aDove'A" line.
<br /> , o. v�z a or piots oelor•n• �,�e. logs. Standard penetration test borings are designated by the
<br /> p. PI D�ots on ar aDove'A' line.
<br /> a. vt o�ocs oe�o.•a^ �+�e. pr2fix"ST"(Split Tube).
<br /> bo � Power auger borings were advanced by 4" or 6" diameter,
<br /> � For c!ossifitot�on of F�ne-gra�neC sa��s continuous-flite,solid stem augers.Soil classification and strain
<br /> ' — an�e-gra�neC �acr�o�o coarse-qrained �� - depths are inferred from disturbed samples augered to the surface
<br /> H So� so�;s and are therefore somewhat approximate.Power auger borings
<br /> a �Quafion of�4-��ne \��� are designated by the prefix"B".
<br /> Honionfal at PI=4*o��=25 5, •�,, � N �
<br /> a � rnen PI=0.�3'��-201 'vi �`' Hand probings were advanced manually with a 1Yz" diameter
<br /> ' z Ea�a?�o� o+"U'- ��e P � probe and are limited to the depth from which the probe can be
<br /> — verr�cai ar ��=�s roai=� � G�J � manually withdrawn. Hand probings are indicated by the prefix
<br /> F ihen PI=0 9'.LL-81 �
<br /> � ,�H„
<br /> _ 30
<br /> `_' �� ; SAMPLING —All samples are taken with the standard 2" O.D.
<br /> ' N �� �� ' split tube sampler, except where noted. TW indicates thin-wall
<br /> � 20 � � M�..� oR 01,,� (undisturbed)sample.
<br /> a i� �G� i BpF— Numbers indicate blows per foot recorded in standard
<br /> ,o � penetration test,also known as"N"value.The sampler is set 6"
<br /> ' �--- ML OL into undisturbed soil below the hollow-stem auger. Driving
<br /> a-- � ' resistances are then counted for second and third 6"increments
<br /> °o �o �e zo ao so so 60 �o eo eo �oo „o and added to get BPF. Where they differ significantly, they are
<br /> �iQuiD �i M i 7 (��) reported in the following form—2/12 for the second and third 6"
<br /> , increments respectively.
<br /> WH—WH indicates that sampler penetrated soil under weight of
<br /> hammer and rods alone,driving not required.
<br /> LABORATORY TESTS NOTE — AII tests run in accordance with applicable ASTM
<br /> ' standards.
<br /> DD Dry Density, pcf OC Organic Content,%
<br /> WD Wet Density,pcf S Percent of Saturation,%
<br /> MC Natural Moisture Content,°io SG Specific Gravity �����
<br /> LL Liquid Limit,% C Cohesion
<br /> PL Plastic Limit,% S6 Angle of Internal Friction
<br /> PI Plasticity Index,% qu Unconfined Compressive Strength
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