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Descriptive Terminology of Soil
<br />Standard D 2487 - 00
<br />'tJ / Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
<br />wIrlM�tgY�r (Unified Soil Classification System)
<br />6 Ooscd an the rnatc+at:,acs•+q:nr:-n:75r'�r+s*•.e
<br />C it field samCie ;,dere^!M coma+es v rxi::aers or Dor add w.I, caoo+es a oou+:e's a parrr to oyer,• ^eine
<br />c C� D,r,10., C
<br />D,4
<br />d 403 A!: Sa" tp;ftXop dr',e
<br />c CraveK+rr+£ tC 1I4 !nrs rnAsre IRlK s;'rLo:s
<br />GYFGM ret.grade: p�avet wq„ s.::
<br />G4Y•GC netlHradcwya,e+wa',::a.
<br />GP -Gm COOr:y gradgd �•evei w ,h s 1
<br />GP -GC tach ^;,arm p avct wdh clay
<br />r n t-nGs r.:aSVr as CL lift _se due syr,rtui CC•GM dr SC SM
<br />p xfnesweaga^e 40: »a^apar.¢f++es :ogo-r<rame
<br />h If sol co^tar,s 2 I :.5A gra.et add •an gryser to gro.4 ^arc
<br />SMJs vroo 5 M 1, 14 fx-s m,;ie dual arn'.t>`v1
<br />SY:-SM we ICradea sJr: a In es
<br />SYrrSf. wcag•ada aJ^e wan r:ah
<br />SP•SM rxioaf wa:sn v" wen ,re
<br />SP SC to --,:v oraaw sem w•x, car
<br />I 11V1fiftWg rmns p'ot m ru:cned yea se 'if, a CL -ML silly day
<br />I. Aso4ccrtlaris1C.t02s'ap-31W2.GacwA.nsand* v'wagram.
<br />wc�evet,s;,re•�ttsta<x
<br />+ xsotx:ram2 inn N: i00 p•cddmrranriy swid aW'sanir IDgr"rtj+re
<br />n 20Oyetbrnr,ara1rttr8"el add "praM'y Id tpworiann
<br />nPt 2 3M pm 4 aots an or amA 1-w
<br />o PI < 4 or MS tioli A" +me
<br />I: Pi nous Ona above A Ire
<br />0 III L'ri:s tmk7a A � K.
<br />so
<br />so
<br />aso
<br />X
<br />N
<br />T7
<br />30
<br />u
<br />y 20
<br />td
<br />IL
<br />10
<br />7
<br />4
<br />0
<br />0
<br />Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and
<br />Soils Classification `
<br />Cobbles
<br />Group Names Using Laboratory Tests
<br />Group
<br />OD
<br />Dry density Oct
<br />OC Organic content
<br />WD
<br />Symbol
<br />Group Name 5
<br />„ o
<br />Gravels
<br />Clean Gravels
<br />C �: 4 and 1:5 C. :j 3 C
<br />GW
<br />Well gravel
<br />- n
<br />,°° °
<br />More than 50 01
<br />coarse traction
<br />51-; w less fines `
<br />C,< 4 andror t >r,>3"
<br />GP
<br />Poorly graded gravel
<br />Gravels with Fines
<br />Fines classy as ML or MH
<br />GM
<br />gravel ` >
<br />o a
<br />retained on
<br />F ones classify as CL or CH
<br />GC
<br />Clayey ravel
<br />No 4 sieve
<br />Mote than 12% Ines '
<br />o, � m
<br />Sands
<br />Clean Sands
<br />C. 2 6 arca 1 SC. < 3
<br />SW
<br />Well-gratled sand
<br />e " 0
<br />C 2 Z
<br />50'.': or more of
<br />.
<br />S. or less fines '
<br />C. < 6 anaror i >C,> 3 d
<br />SP
<br />Poor raced sand'
<br />9
<br />A -
<br />° °
<br />U o
<br />coarse fractionh
<br />Lasses
<br />Sands with Fines
<br />Frees classify as ML or MH
<br />SM
<br />Silty sand''r'
<br />Frites classify as CL or CH
<br />SC
<br />Cla e v sand' -'
<br />E
<br />No 4 sieve
<br />More than 124%' '
<br />„ -
<br />Sills and Clays
<br />tnei n
<br />9a Ic
<br />P1 >7 and lots On or above 'A' line r
<br />CL
<br />Lean clay.
<br />PI < 4 of plots below -A- beer
<br />ML
<br />g,ry • '
<br />o u 4i
<br />Liquid lion t
<br />Organic
<br />Liquid hnut - oven dried c 0 75
<br />OL
<br />Organic clay '
<br />H N
<br />less than 50
<br />m n�
<br />C
<br />Liquid limit -riot dried
<br />OL
<br />Or me silt '
<br />e c
<br />o, E �'
<br />Sills and clays
<br />Inorganic
<br />Pt plots on or above'A' tare
<br />CH
<br />Fat clav
<br />PI plots below'A' i ne
<br />MH
<br />Elastic sd!'
<br />c z
<br />Ugwtl limn
<br />Organic
<br />Two limit - oven dried < 0 75
<br />ON
<br />Organic clay '
<br />,r a
<br />50 or more
<br />v+
<br />Liquid tn7ut -riot dried
<br />ON
<br />Organic sit+' -
<br />Highly Organic Soils
<br />Primarily organic matter. dark in color and organic odor
<br />PT
<br />Peat
<br />6 Ooscd an the rnatc+at:,acs•+q:nr:-n:75r'�r+s*•.e
<br />C it field samCie ;,dere^!M coma+es v rxi::aers or Dor add w.I, caoo+es a oou+:e's a parrr to oyer,• ^eine
<br />c C� D,r,10., C
<br />D,4
<br />d 403 A!: Sa" tp;ftXop dr',e
<br />c CraveK+rr+£ tC 1I4 !nrs rnAsre IRlK s;'rLo:s
<br />GYFGM ret.grade: p�avet wq„ s.::
<br />G4Y•GC netlHradcwya,e+wa',::a.
<br />GP -Gm COOr:y gradgd �•evei w ,h s 1
<br />GP -GC tach ^;,arm p avct wdh clay
<br />r n t-nGs r.:aSVr as CL lift _se due syr,rtui CC•GM dr SC SM
<br />p xfnesweaga^e 40: »a^apar.¢f++es :ogo-r<rame
<br />h If sol co^tar,s 2 I :.5A gra.et add •an gryser to gro.4 ^arc
<br />SMJs vroo 5 M 1, 14 fx-s m,;ie dual arn'.t>`v1
<br />SY:-SM we ICradea sJr: a In es
<br />SYrrSf. wcag•ada aJ^e wan r:ah
<br />SP•SM rxioaf wa:sn v" wen ,re
<br />SP SC to --,:v oraaw sem w•x, car
<br />I 11V1fiftWg rmns p'ot m ru:cned yea se 'if, a CL -ML silly day
<br />I. Aso4ccrtlaris1C.t02s'ap-31W2.GacwA.nsand* v'wagram.
<br />wc�evet,s;,re•�ttsta<x
<br />+ xsotx:ram2 inn N: i00 p•cddmrranriy swid aW'sanir IDgr"rtj+re
<br />n 20Oyetbrnr,ara1rttr8"el add "praM'y Id tpworiann
<br />nPt 2 3M pm 4 aots an or amA 1-w
<br />o PI < 4 or MS tioli A" +me
<br />I: Pi nous Ona above A Ire
<br />0 III L'ri:s tmk7a A � K.
<br />so
<br />so
<br />aso
<br />X
<br />N
<br />T7
<br />30
<br />u
<br />y 20
<br />td
<br />IL
<br />10
<br />7
<br />4
<br />0
<br />0
<br />10 16 20 30 40 so s0 70 Bo 90 100 110
<br />Beutdefs
<br />Liquid Limit (LL)
<br />Cobbles
<br />3' to 12'
<br />Laboratory Tests
<br />OD
<br />Dry density Oct
<br />OC Organic content
<br />WD
<br />Wet density Oct
<br />S Percent of saturation 4,
<br />MC
<br />Natural moisture content :.
<br />SG Specific gravity
<br />LL
<br />Ligturd i,md '.I
<br />C Cohesim pst
<br />PL
<br />Plastic limit -.,
<br />is Angte of internal incbon
<br />For
<br />WN.Riam
<br />qu Unconfined compressre strength. psi
<br />P200
<br />`, passing 200 s,eve
<br />qp Pocket penetrometer strength, tsi
<br />Sol
<br />121WIF?MENEEN
<br />--no=
<br />10 16 20 30 40 so s0 70 Bo 90 100 110
<br />Panicle Size Identification
<br />Beutdefs
<br />Liquid Limit (LL)
<br />Cobbles
<br />3' to 12'
<br />Laboratory Tests
<br />OD
<br />Dry density Oct
<br />OC Organic content
<br />WD
<br />Wet density Oct
<br />S Percent of saturation 4,
<br />MC
<br />Natural moisture content :.
<br />SG Specific gravity
<br />LL
<br />Ligturd i,md '.I
<br />C Cohesim pst
<br />PL
<br />Plastic limit -.,
<br />is Angte of internal incbon
<br />For
<br />Plasticity -n-,e, ,,
<br />qu Unconfined compressre strength. psi
<br />P200
<br />`, passing 200 s,eve
<br />qp Pocket penetrometer strength, tsi
<br />Panicle Size Identification
<br />Beutdefs
<br />over 12'
<br />Cobbles
<br />3' to 12'
<br />Graver
<br />Medium
<br />Coarse
<br />314' 103•
<br />Fine
<br />No 4 to 3r4'
<br />Sand
<br />Very stiff
<br />Coarse
<br />NO 4 to NO 10
<br />Medium
<br />No 10 to No 40
<br />Fine
<br />No 40 to No 200
<br />Silt
<br />< No 200. PI < 4 or
<br />below'A- ane
<br />Clay
<br />< No 200, P1 2t 4 and
<br />on or above *A• line
<br />Relative Density of
<br />Cohesionless Soils
<br />very loose 0 to 4 BPF
<br />Loose5 to 10 BPF
<br />Medium dense 11 to 30 8PF
<br />Dense 31 to 50 BPF
<br />Very dense over 50 BPF
<br />Consistency of Cohesive Soils
<br />Very soft
<br />oto i BPF
<br />Soft
<br />2103 BPF
<br />Rather soft
<br />4 10 5 8PF
<br />Medium
<br />6 to 8 8PF
<br />Rather stiff
<br />4 to 12 BPF
<br />Stiff
<br />13 to 16 BPF
<br />Very stiff
<br />17 to 30 BPF
<br />Hard
<br />over 30 BPF
<br />Drilling Notes
<br />Standard penetration test oonngs wf<re advanced try 3 v4' or 6 114-
<br />10 hollow -stem augers unless noted otherwise. Jeting water was used
<br />to clean out auger prior to sampling only where indicated on logs
<br />Standard penetration test borings are designated by the prefix 'ST"
<br />(Split Tube) At samples were taken with the standard 2' 00 split -tube
<br />sampler except where noted
<br />Power auger Wings were advanced by 4' of 6' diameter Continuous -
<br />flight solid -stem augers Sal classilicattars and strata depths were in.
<br />ferred from disturbed samples augefed to the surface and are. thetefae,
<br />somewhat approximate Power auger borings are designated by the
<br />prefix -8 .
<br />Hand auger bonrtgs were advanced manually with a 1 112' or 3 1/4'
<br />d,ameter auger and were Invited to Me depth from which the auger could
<br />be manually wlhdrawn Hand auger bongs are Idcated by the prefix
<br />'11 .
<br />BPF: Numbers indicate brows per toot recorded in standard penetration
<br />test also known as *N* value. The sampler was set 6' into undisturbed
<br />sort below the hollow -stem auger Drrvtng resistances were then counted
<br />for seccrid and third 6' tncrements and added to get BPF Where they
<br />differed sign•6cantiy they are reported to the IOOowng form 2112 for the
<br />second and :lord 6 Increments respectively.
<br />WH: lAM Incrcates the sampler penetrated soil under weight of hammer
<br />and rods alone driving not required
<br />WR: WR nw,cates the sampler penetrated sons under weight of rods
<br />alone hammer we,gm and driving not required
<br />TW inocafes lhm•wa:lec lumd'Sfutbedi tube Sample
<br />Note. All tests were run in general accoroacce won applicable ASTM
<br />standards
<br />Rev :.J.
<br />
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