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. 3 <br /> watching for natives to return from roots or seed. If an herb layer does not return after 1-2 years, <br /> lay down a layer of mulch with wood chips or leaves to assist with native gernunation. Under- <br /> story clear-cutting is not suggested and should be avoided as an option for buckthorn removal. <br /> This activity encourages herbaceous invaders such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and � -' <br /> giant lrnotweed(Polygonum sachalinense)to take root in these disturbed areas. <br /> ,�.. , _:. <br /> SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES FOR BUCKTHORN <br /> Year 1 <br /> Removal and Chemical Application: Flag buckthorn (if necessary). Cut buckthorn <br /> throughout the buffer areas. Treat stuxnps with chosen herbicide and corresponding methodology <br /> specific to the herbicide. <br /> � Planting (Optional): Augment with riative shrubs (3-4 different species, 2 to 3 per cluster <br /> or dispersed),trees, and herbaceous plants. Add mulch around each newly installed plant—about <br /> 1 foot radius. Protect young shrubs from browsing deer, rabbits, etc. using protective structures. <br /> Planting should occur in late spring or early summer to ensure successful establishment. On <br /> some sites, planting may not be required. Instead, wait 2-3 years to watch for natives to return <br /> from dormant roots or seed. � <br /> � Year 2 � <br /> Monitor new plantings and maintain protective structures. Check area for buckthorn <br /> infestations as well as other invasive species such as tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tartarica) <br /> and burdock (Arctium minus). Spot treat invasive vegetation that emerges with recommended <br /> herbicide described in the procedure for Year 1. . <br /> Year 3 � <br /> Verify that the area is still dominated or becoming dominated by native species. Repeat <br /> procedure described for Year 2 for eradicating invasive vegetation. If native species have not <br /> become established and a planting did not take place in Year One, then Year Three is when a <br /> ' seeding/planting should take place. See attachments for appropriate seed mixes and seed rates. <br /> CONTROL OF EXISTING REED CANARY GR.ASS <br /> Reed canary grass is present within and around the wetland located on the west end of the site. <br /> Reed canary grass forms dense and highly productive monocultures in a way similar to broad <br /> leaf cattail and purple loostrife. By producing these large monoculture areas,the biological <br /> diversity is then essentially homogenizing to that of one habitat structure. Reed canary grass <br /> grows from seed, stem fragments, and rhizomes. Within one growing season,the rhizomes in <br /> the soil produce a dense mass which will out compete the native plants already rooted in the soil. <br /> • Reed canary grass is a facultative wetland species meaning that it can grow under a variety of <br /> hydrologic conditions. The grass tends to be found in moist or wet soils and can tolerate water <br /> conditions ranging from high water levels to drought like conditions. <br /> . �1� <br />