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<br /> � fragment content ranges from 0 to 25 percent and fragments range in size from gravel to stones.
<br /> Some pedons contain carbonates. Sandy substratum, gravelly substratum, and overwash phases
<br /> � are recognized.
<br /> COMPETING SERIES: These are the Klu��ner, Lin����cu1, Mcc1��, N�itrhau�� (T), Philh�,n, and
<br /> � Sh�ilc�ir series. Similar soils are the ;��1ri�tn, C,irli�lr, C�tlhr��, I��i���,��n, Ec1���ar�1�, Huu�hlc�n,
<br /> M�irke �, "l��i���<i,, and ��"illcur series. Klossner soils have A horizons direetly below the organic
<br /> matter. Linwood soils formed mainly in woody fibers. Medo soils have less than 10 percent clay
<br /> � in the lower 1/3 of the series control section. Natchaug soils are in areas where the mean annual
<br /> precipitation is greater than 43 inches. Philbon soils have fibric and hemic material in the upper
<br /> 12 inches. Shalcar soils have a difference between mean annual summer and mean annual winter
<br /> � temperatures that is less than 26 degrees F. Adrian, Dawson, Markey, and Tawas soils have
<br /> sandy mineral layers at depths of 16 to 51 inches. In addition, the Dawson, Markey, and Tawas
<br /> soils have frigid soil temperatures. Carlisle and Houghton soils formed in organic deposits more
<br /> � than 51 inches thick. Cathro soils have frigid soil temperatures. Edwards soils are underlain by
<br /> marl at depths of 16 to 51 inches. Willette soils have mineral layers that average more than 35
<br /> percent clay at depths of 16 to 51 inches.
<br /> , GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Palms soils formed herbaceous organic material and the
<br /> underlying loamy deposits and are in closed depressions on lake plains, till plains, outwash
<br /> � plains, moraines, and hillside seep areas, and on backswamps of flood plains. Slope gradients
<br /> range from 0 to 6 percent. The soils on nearby uplands are generally loamy. Mean annual
<br /> temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from about 30 to
<br /> � 43 inches, frost-free period ranges from 120 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,530
<br /> feet above sea level.
<br /> � GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The f I��u��htc�n soils are the most common
<br /> associate and are on similar landform positions. Poorly drained or very poorly drained loamy
<br /> mineral soils are at the edges of the bogs and are adjacent to Palms soils.
<br /> , DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. The potential runoff for surface
<br /> runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid in the organic material,
<br /> � and moderate or moderately slow in the loamy materiaL The depth to the top of an apparent
<br /> seasonal high water table ranges from 1 foot above the surface to 1 foot below the surface from
<br /> November to May in normal years.
<br /> � USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in marsh vegetation of grasses, reeds,
<br /> and sedges; and alder, aspen, willow, and dogwood. Some areas have been drained and are used
<br /> for pasture, corn, and some truck crops.
<br /> ' DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95B, 96, 97, 98, 99, 111, and 115, and possibly in
<br /> 100, 105, 110, 114, and 120 in the southern part of the lower peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin,
<br /> � northern Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Connecticut, and other
<br /> northeastern states. The soils are of large extent.
<br /> ' MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
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