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after frost allows some native species to go dormant minimizing impact to native forbs to some extent.This technique should not be conducted until after the second year of establishment. It can be helpful to conduct a fall burn a couple of weeks after the herbicide application followed by seeding with native forbs.Having native grasses and fast grow- ing forbs in the mix will help to out-compete any returning thistle the following spring.Additional treatments may be needed in subsequent years. �IIE'�_Oiirtit��.:. _ . 6��I'�1"i.,. .t��_i'�if�h_��'�: t-1 [ i, .��f;.�... .__...__ __._ ... .. __..- _ . __--.-__-__._ _______ ___.________.._. . .__.. . _._--____-_.-_ High qualiry srtes,light to moderate Invasion Mechankai-Hand pulhng or cutting frequent- ly duri�g summer mo�ths to weaken/starve roots.Once in June,August,and September. High quality sites,dense invasion Chemical-Only when absoluteiy necessary. Clopyrelid per label instructions Spot application of Qopyralid(spray or wick applicator). High quality sites,dense invasion, Prescribed Fire-Late spring prescribed bwns during first three years of control-Do not conduct early spring burns as it will promote sprouting and reproduction. low quality sites,light to dense invasions Chemical-Selective foliar qlyphosate appiica- -Glyphosate at 2%by volume dilution. tion during shoot growth stage(6" 10"plant -Clopyralid or Aminopyralid per label instruc- height)or dopyralid foliar applications. tion. Low quality sites,light to moderate invasion Mechanical-Hand pulling or cutting frequent- ly during summer months to weaken/starve roots.Once in June,August,and September. Low to high quality.dense invasion Overkiil method-Combination of mowing Aminopyralid @ S-7 oz/acre diluted with 20 and herbicide. Mowing in mid-late 1une. gallons of water or Ciopyralid per label instruc- Apply Clopyralid or Aminopyralid(Milestone) tions after second killing frost.Fall bum(ollowed by re-seeding native forbs Note:Effectiveness ofstrategies may vary depending on seoson,weather,soils,hydrology,and other environmentaf conditions Crown Vetch and Bird's-Foot Trefoil Control Strategies Sources: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.2002.Minnesota invasive non-native terrestrial plants:an identification quide for resource managers.MDNR Trails and Waterways Division. **Czarapata,Elizabeth J.2005.Invasive Plants of the Upper Midwest:an illustrated guide to their identification and control University of Wisconsin Press. http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/chf/outreach/VMG/wysclover.html has detailed info on sweet clover and trailing crown vetch(Coronilla varia L.). Crown vetch(Coronilla varia)was initially introduced as an erosion control plant for road sides and waterways.It is still being sold as a green fertilizer crop and easily moves into adjacent areas that have been disturbed.Crown vetch can be found in disturbed prairie remnants,woodland edges,and other disturbed edges of roads and waterways.Piant spreads vigorously by rhizome and seed. Bird's-foot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus)is very similar to Crown vetch in that it was used for erosion control.It,too,in- vades disturbed sites and edges through seed and root systems,but can also spread by above-ground runners.Bird's- foot trefoil is also tolerant of a wider range of soils and precipitation conditions. The below control methods apply to both Crown vetch and Bird's-foot trefoil. Mechanical Control-Smaller populations can be controlled by repeated hand pulling in sandy or moist soils.Larger patches can be controlled by mowing.Mowing can be done in late spring for several successive years.Alternatively, APPENDIX SA INVASIVE SPECIES CONTROL INFORMATION �]