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4.1.3.6 Type 6: Shcub Swamp; Shr.ub Carr, Alder Thicket <br /> The soil is usually waterlogged during the growing season and is often covered with as much as 6 <br /> inches of water. Shrub swamps occur mostly along sluggish streams and occasionally on flood <br /> plains. Vegetation includes alders, willows, buttonbush, dogwoods and swamp-privet. <br /> 4.1.3.7 � Type 7: Wooded Swamps; Hardwood Swamp, Coniferous Swamp <br /> The soil is waterlogged at least to within a few inches of the surface during the growing season and is <br /> often covered with as much as 1 foot of water. Wooded swamps occur mostly along sluggish <br /> streams, on old riverine oxbows, on floodplains, on flat uplands, and in very shallowlake basins. <br /> �'°Forest vegetation includes tamarack, arborvitae (cedar),black spruce,balsam fir,red maple, and <br /> black ash. Northern evergreen swamps usually have a thick ground covering of mosses. Deciduous <br /> swamps frequently support beds of duckweeds, smartweeds, and other herbs. <br /> 4.1.3.8 Type 8: Bogs; Coniferous Bogs, Open Bogs <br /> The soil is usually waterlogged and supports a spongy covering of mosses. Bogs occur mostly in <br /> shallow lake basins, on flat uplands and along sluggish streams. Vegetation is woody or herbaceous <br /> , or both. Typical plants are heath shrubs, sphagnum moss, and sedges. In the North, leatherleaf, <br /> Labrador-tea, cranberries, Carex, and cottongrass are often present. Scattered, often stunted;black <br /> spruce, and tamarack may occur in northern bogs. � <br /> 4.1.3.9 Type 9Q: Riverine <br /> Riverine Systems (rivers, creeks and streams) are contained in natural or artificial channels <br /> periodically or continuously containing flowing water. Upland islands or Palustrine wetlands may <br /> occur in the channel, but they are not part of the Riverine System. <br /> 4.1.4 Cowardin Wetland Classification <br /> The Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States was published by the. <br /> U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1979 (Cowardin et al., 1979). This wetland classification . <br /> methodology was used to classify wetlands in the development of the National Wetlands Inventory <br /> maps beginning in the late 1970's and early 1980's (USFWS, 1989 and 1990). The structure of the <br /> classification is hierarchical progressing from Systems and Subsystems, at the most general levels to <br /> � Classes, Subclasses, and Dominance Types at the most specific levels. A comparison of Circular 39. <br /> \\fred\wp�3�27�D06�Reports�Final Report\Wetland_mgmt�lan dft011503.doc 4-5 <br />