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w , <br /> If cutting is to take place in the winter, flag buckthorn so that similarly appearing native <br /> plants such as black cherry are not rnistaken as buckthorn. One application of glyphosate <br /> (Roundup or Rodeo) on the outer growth rings of a freshly cut stump in August or <br /> September has proven to be effective, though other treatrnents are lrnown to wark as well <br /> (Converse 2003). Applications during the autumn or winter are also proven to be <br /> successful. Do not apply glyphosate or other chemicals during the spring because this is <br /> considered the spring-flush growth periad in which sap is running and the plant is using <br /> stored energy. Therefore, the chemicals that aze applied in the spring will not rnake their <br /> way down to the buckthorn's roots. Glyphosate is a nonselective herbicide that will kill <br /> non-target plants if it comes into contact with them. Managers should exercise caution <br /> during application, and not spray so heavily that herbicide drips off the target species. <br /> For areas that are adjacent to wetlands on site, chemical breattnents must be labeled for <br /> ac�uatic use such as Rodeo. <br /> Basal bark application of Garlon 4TM (IJniversity of:Vlinnesota.Extension Service t 999) <br /> is another optian for a chemical application. To prevent dense re-infestations we advise <br /> careful monitoring of the site every 1-2 years. Upon the discovery of newly established <br /> plants it is recommended that the newly emerged plants be pulled out of the ground, <br /> including the roots, immediately. There are specialized weed pullers to facilitate pulling <br /> lazger plants. Pulling is the preferred option when there are localized in£estations of small <br /> plauts;thorough monitoring should ensure early detection of newly emerged seedlings. <br /> In the areas where the desirable species aze present, selective treatment and removal are <br /> the preferred control measures. These measures include mechanical removal by hand of <br /> the smaller stems and cutting and painting the stems with herbicide of the larger stems. <br /> Buckthorn removal should occur before fruit development or after the fruit has dropped <br /> to prevent spread to other locations if the material is to be transported. Removal by <br /> grading can occur when overall site grading is occurring and/or during the lanc�scaping <br /> phase. <br /> In areas where major soil disturbance tias occurred as a result of buckthorn removal, <br /> those areas should be replanted with species chosen from the list in Attachment B.Not all <br /> species need to be used; the list is a guide to species present in?Vlaple-Basswood forests. <br /> The landscape contractor can use this list as a guide and use their discretion in species <br /> selection. <br /> Svoboda Ecological Resources 8 185-225 Old Crystal Bay Road <br /> Project No.:20I5-013 Homestead Partners <br />