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than during 1971 even though 1980 was a dryer year than 1971, suggesting that <br />the seasonal component of pumpage for the Prairie du Chien -Jordan aquifer <br />decreased between 1971 and 1980. <br />Water levels in the Mount Simon -Hinckley aquifer indicate that ground <br />water flows from the northwest corner of the study area generally southeast to <br />the vicinity of the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River north of its <br />confluence with the St. Croix and north to that same vicinity from a water - <br />level high south of the study area. Ground water also flows east to the St. <br />Croix and the Mississippi south of its confluence with the St. Croix. However, <br />the natural flow pattern is interrupted by a large cone of depression in the <br />water -level surface near pumping centers in east -central Hennepin and southeas- <br />tern Ramsey Counties. During 1971, the measurable cone of depress_ m was about <br />25 miles in diameter and 100 to 150 ft deep. The location, depth, and shape of <br />the cone suggest that the Mount Simon -Hinckley aquifer is in poor hydraulic <br />connection with the shallow ground -water system and the major streams. Most of <br />the water that flows into the cores of depression may be derived from leakage <br />through the hydrogeologic units that separate the Mount Simon -Hinckley and <br />Prairie du Chien -Jordan aquifers. Between 1971 and 1980, water levels in the <br />Mount Simon -Hinckley aquifer rose more than 10 ft throughout most of the done <br />of depression and more than 50 ft in the center of the cone, which decreased in <br />area in response to decreased annual pumpage during this period <br />Seasonal water -level declines due to increased summer pumping generally <br />are greater in the Mount Simon -Hinckley aquifer than in the Prairie du Mien - <br />Jordan aquifer and are generally greatest during periods of below -normal pre- <br />cipitation. During 1971, a year of above -average precipitation, water levels <br />in a relatively small area declined more than 10 ft from winter to summer; <br />maximum declines were less than 20 ft. However, during 1980, a year of sig- <br />nificantly below -average precipitation, water levels in the Mount Simon - <br />Hinckley aquifer declined more than 10 ft throughout most of the cone of <br />depression with maximum declines of over 50 ft. This decline in water levels <br />may result from use by municipalities of wells in the Mount Simon -Hinckley <br />aquifer to meet peak demands for water, whereas wells in the Prairie du Chien - <br />Jordan aquifer are used to meet normal demands. <br />In total, the water -level data suggest that (1) annual pumpage from the <br />Prairie du Chien -Jordan aquifer was fairly constant betweer, 1971 and 1980, <br />producing fairly stable water levels; (2) annual pumpage from the Mount Simon - <br />Hinckley aquifer decreased from 1971 to 1980 causing water levels in the aqui- <br />fer to rise; and (3) the seasonal component of pumpage for the Mouni_ Simon - <br />Hinckley aquifer is greater than that for the Prairie du Chien -Jordan, pro- <br />ducing seasonal water -level declines that are larger and more widespread in the <br />Mount Simon -Hinckley than in the Prairie du Chien -Jordan, particularly during <br />d; y years. <br />A large amount of data presently are available to characterize water <br />levels and water -level changes in the Prairie du Chien -Jordan and Mount Simon- <br />'im_klcl aquifers in the Twin Cities area, but the current data -collection <br />dram has some inadequacies that limit application of the water -level data. <br />,.If problem is that there are too few observation wells in the Mount Simon- <br />hinckley aquifer, so that there may not be enough control points to accurately <br />21 <br />