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M <br />believe c. !!mlted preemption policy !s warranted. State and local <br />regulations that operate to preclude amateur communications in their <br />communities are In direct conflict with federal objectives and must be <br />preempted. <br />25. Because amateur station c omunlcations are only as effective as <br />the antennas employed, antenna height restrictions directly affect the <br />effectiveness of amateur communications. Some amateur antenna <br />configurations require more substantial installations than others If they <br />are to provide the amateur operator with the communications that he/she <br />desires to engage in. For example, an antenna array for international <br />amateur communications will differ from an antenna used to contact other <br />amateur operators at shorter distances. We will not, however, specify any <br />particular height limitation below which a local government may not <br />regulate, nor will we suggest the precise language that must be contained <br />in local ordinances, such as mechanisms for special except!ons, variances, <br />:ondltional use permits. Nevertheless, local regulations which <br />i've placement-, screening, or height of antennas based on health, safety, <br />.,i aesthetic considerations must be crafted to accommodate reasonably <br />amateur communications, and to represent the minimum practicable regulation <br />to accomplish the local authority's legitimate purpose. 6 <br />26. Obviously, we do not have the staff or financial resources <br />to review all state and local laws that affect amateur operations. We are <br />confident, however, that state and local vernr-;r-!. will endeavor to <br />legislate in a manner that affords apprc Jo recognition to -.he Important <br />federal interest at stake here nd thereby avoid unnecessary conflicts with <br />federal policy, as well as time—consuming and. expensive litigation In this <br />area. Amateur operators who believe that local or state governments have <br />been overreaching a,� thereby have precluded accomplishment of their <br />legitimate communications goals, may, in addition, )is document to <br />bring our policies to th, attention of local tribu and forums. <br />6 We reiterate that our ruling herein does not reach restrictive <br />covenants In private contractual agreements. Such agreements are <br />voluntarily entered 'nto by the buyer or tenant when the agreement Is <br />c:.ccuted and do not sually concern this Coavission. <br />