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CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES <br />ASTM DESIGNATION D-2487 <br />Group Typi cal <br />Major Divisions Symbols Names Classification Criteria <br />2 <br />w c > <br />O O N <br />M N N <br />N Ln A tr <br />C U. <br />o <br />LnL yWz <br />4J `N <br />LO v+ <br />u b <br />o. <br />N GW <br />C � <br />A� <br />a, <br />u � <br />GP <br />N GM <br />y N <br />S ~ C <br />CC <br />SW <br />c v� <br />A <br />U N .SP <br />SH <br />� 0�1 <br />�v <br />N li <br />SC <br />N <br />>1 <br />A aJ N <br />r N <br />r L <br />y <br />Av o <br />C as <br />y <br />4 <br />7 CrLO <br />N <br />J <br />$ <br />N <br />7 N <br />0• <br />4n o <br />z <br />v <br />�d <br />L <br />N <br />O <br />to <br />coO• <br />uEc <br />i <br />ro <br />a � <br />C <br />C +J <br />uL <br />M v <br />L <br />L <br />N 7 y <br />^ O 4J <br />O <br />�e <br />J <br />C <br />N <br />o <br />rn <br />u, <br />Hignly organic soils <br />Well -graded gravels and <br />Cu = DB0 D10 <br />Greater than 4 <br />0 <br />gravel -sand mixtures, <br />little or no fines <br />0 <br />CZ = D1 X D2 <br />Between 1 and 3 <br />a <br />o <br />Poorly graded gravels and <br />gravel -sand mixtures, <br />Not meeting both criteria <br />for GW <br />little or no fines <br />o <br />o <br />�" a <br />Silt gravels, gravel- <br />Atterberg limits plot <br />below "A" line or <br />Atterberg limits plot- <br />X <br />'O <br />Ln En <br />sandysi It mixtures <br />plasticity index <br />ting in hatched area <br />«' <br />�y CM <br />°- <br />less than 4 <br />are borderline <br />Clayey gravels, gravel- <br />Atterberg limits plot <br />above "A" line and <br />classifications re - <br />quirin use of dual <br />•0 <br />sand -clay mixtures <br />plasticity index <br />symbols <br />c <br />8 1 m <br />greater than 7 <br />Well -graded sands and <br />Cu = D60 I D10 <br />Greater than 6 <br />�+ N <br />gravelly sands, little <br />or no fines <br />Ca = (Dan12 <br />Dso <br />Between 1 and 3 <br />$ r <br />$ N <br />D10 X <br />g <br />Poorly graded sands and <br />gra illy sands, little <br />Not meeting both criteria for SW <br />A <br />o i <br />z 1A <br />or no fines <br />u <br />W <br />u+ i <br />b 0. <br />Silty sands, sand -silt <br />Atterberg limits plot <br />below "A" line or <br />Atterberg limits plot- <br />A <br />d <br />mixtures <br />plasticity index less <br />ting in hatched area <br />,a <br />than 4 <br />are borderline clas- <br />� � N <br />tterberg m is p o <br />si fi cati ons requiring <br />O <br />Clayey sands, sand -clay <br />above "A" line and <br />use of symbols <br />in r " <br />mixtures <br />plasticity index <br />JiLn <br />greater than 7 <br />Inorganic silts, rock <br />flour, silty or clayey <br />HL fine sand <br />Horgan c c ays of low to <br />medium plasticity, grav- <br />60 <br />CL elly clays, sandy clays, <br />silty clays, lean clays <br />50 <br />_ <br />Organic silts and organic <br />OL silty clays of low <br />40 <br />plasticity30 <br />a <br />Inorganic silts, micaceous <br />W or diatomaceous si Its, <br />elastic silts <br />20 <br />Inorganic clays of high <br />fat <br />a 1p <br />CH plasticity, clays <br />7 <br />4 <br />Plasticity chart <br />For classification of fine- <br />grained soils and fine fraction <br />of coarea-grained soils. <br />CH <br />Attarberg lien to plotting in <br />hatched area are borderline <br />otassifications requiring <br />use of dual eymboie. <br />Equation of A -line <br />PI 0.7d (LL-20 CL <br />IZ <br />AE <br />OH <br />)L <br />Organic clays of medium 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 <br />OH to high plasticity Liquid linri.t <br />Pest, MUCK end otner <br />Pt highly organic soils Visual -manual identification <br />BRAUR <br />ENGINEERING TESTING <br />