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CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES <br />ASTM DESIGNATION D-2487 <br />Kajor Divisions <br />Group Typical <br />Symbols Names <br />Well -graded gravels and <br />CW <br />gravel -sand mixtures, <br />N <br />little or no fines <br />w N <br />Poorly graded gravels and <br />o;,.r <br />" <br />M <br />ravel -sand mixtures, <br />oo <br />little or no fines <br />o <br />S11ty gravels, gravel- <br />p� oq <br />N N <br />GN <br />sand=si it mi xtures <br />o <br />° <br />Clayey gravels, gravel- <br />v $ <br />E <br />" <br />is <br />sand -clay mixtures <br />L <br />Well -graded sands and <br />SW <br />gravelly sands, little <br />or no fines <br />a, <br />L34MPoorly <br />graded sands and <br />b <br />K N <br />{q • <br />SP <br />gravelly sands, little <br />or no fines <br />i9 <br />5 d =o <br />Silty sands, sand -silt <br />1O'L' N <br />SN <br />mixtures <br />:Q V N <br />yy <br />. C <br />S s <br />Clayey sands, sand -clay <br />SC <br />mixtures <br />N <br />M N, <br />� r N <br />veld <br />9^ L <br />" co <br />Ln <br />J <br />N <br />.g <br />R� <br />v <br />C d <br />UI 1! <br />a <br />N ,O <br />EVE 15 <br />�g <br />C� <br />L <br />o <br />N _QN <br />� <br />J eA� <br />14 <br />0 <br />N ` <br />0. <br />u, <br />Highly organic soils <br />Classification Criteria <br />Cu - De0 / Djo <br />Greater than 4 <br />^; <br />Cs - ( <br />I DgO <br />Between 1 and 3 <br />N <br />D10 <br />Not meeting both criteria <br />for GW <br />N O <br />�`�' 0) <br />Atterberg limits plot <br />below "A" line or <br />Atterterg limits plot - <br />plasticity index <br />ting in hatched xraa <br />c <br />less than 4 <br />are borderline <br />}t <br />[ <br />ti t <br />-Atterterg limilts plot <br />classifications <br />IsQ <br />above "A" line and <br />quiring use of dual <br />a�a•0 C <br />plasticity index <br />symbols <br />G <br />greater than 7 <br />' 3 <br />Cu - D60 / D10 <br />Greater than 6 <br />16 <br />16 <br />_� r <br />N <br />Z <br />D <br />Between 1 and 3 <br />d <br />N <br />N <br />gQN <br />D- <br />F <br />Not meeting both criteria for SW <br />a <br />N <br />N <br />61! N <br />d <br />Atterberg limits plot <br />below "A" line or <br />Atterberg limits plot- <br />plasticity index less <br />Ling in hatched area <br />than 4 <br />are borderline clas- <br />$ DI <br />tie erg limits plot <br />sifications requiring <br />o <br />above "A" line and <br />use of symbols <br />'A40 <br />plasticit index <br />greater than 7 <br />'; i n <br />Inorganic silts, rock <br />� <br />flour, silty or clayey <br />le fine sand <br />Inorganic clays of low to <br />60 <br />medium plasticity, grav- <br />CL elly clays, sandy clays, <br />silty clays, lean clays <br />50 <br />Organic silts and organic <br />OL silty clays of low <br />40 <br />plasticity <br />Inorganic silts, micaceous <br />30 <br />M or diatomaceous silts. <br />elastic silts <br />20 <br />Imo anic cl s of high <br />�r <br />62 plasticity, fat clays <br />Organic clays of medium <br />OH to high plasticity <br />Plaatioity ohart <br />For olassifioation of fine- <br />grained soils and find fraction <br />of ooarse-grained soils. <br />Cd <br />Atterberg limits Plotting in <br />lntohed area are borderline <br />otassifioations requiring <br />use of dual symbols. <br />Squation of A-li <br />PI - 0.73 (LL-20 CL <br />, <br />�B <br />Od <br />_- <br />At <br />OL <br />I <br />00 <br />10 20 30 40 50 60 lu tiu `!u 1uu <br />Liquid limit <br />Peat, muck and other <br />Pt highly organic soils Visual -manual identification <br />B�un <br />ENGINEERING TE>sTiNG <br />