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<br />Davey Resource Group, Inc. <br />Tree Inventory Analysis & Maintenance Strategy <br />Page 20 <br /> The number of trees to be assessed and <br />routinely pruned each year will vary <br />depending on the number of trees which are <br />planted and the number of trees which are <br />removed in future years. <br /> Not every tree in the routine pruning cycle will <br />need to be pruned each cycle – thus, the <br />actual cost to maintain a routine pruning cycle <br />will likely be lower than projected in the <br />budget table at the end of this section <br />(Table 4). <br /> <br />YOUNG TREE <br />TRAINING CYCLE <br />Young tree training cycles are recommended to improve <br />the form and structure of young, newly planted trees that <br />are less than 6 inches in diameter. Young tree pruning <br />addresses structural problems such as codominant <br />leaders, multiple limbs attaching at the same point on <br />the trunk, and crossing or interfering limbs that if not <br />corrected can lead to problems as the tree ages. <br />A three-year cycle is recommended due to the rapid rate <br />that young trees grow and the importance of correcting <br />structural issues while the tree is young to reduce future <br />risks and costly pruning when the tree is larger. The <br />inventory identified 957 small, young trees which <br />should be included in a young tree training cycle. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Relationship between tree condition <br />and years since previous pruning. <br />Adapted from Miller and Sylvester 1981 <br />Miller and Sylvester studied the pruning frequency <br />of 40,000 street trees in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. <br />Trees that had not been pruned for more than 10 <br />years had an average condition rating 10% lower <br />than trees that had been pruned in the previous <br />several years. Their research suggests that a five- <br />year pruning cycle is optimal for urban trees. <br />Routine pruning cycles help detect and correct <br />most defects before they reach higher risk levels. <br />DRG recommends that pruning cycles begin after all <br />Extreme and High risk tree maintenance has been <br />completed. <br />DRG recommends two pruning cycles: a young tree <br />training cycle and a routine pruning cycle. Newly <br />planted trees will enter the young tree training cycle <br />once they become established and will move into <br />the routine pruning cycle when they reach maturity. <br />A tree should be removed and eliminated from the <br />routine pruning cycle when it outlives its usefulness. <br /> <br />PROACTIVE PRUNING <br />247