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22 <br />novative ways to manage off-street parking—a key link between land use <br />and transportation—may be best prepared to tackle these problems. <br />LIST OF REFERENCES <br />American Public Transit Association. 2002. “Number of People Using Public Transpor- <br />tation.” (www.apta.com/stats/ridership/people.htm). <br />Barr, M. 1997. Downtown Parking Made Easy. New York: Downtown Research & Devel- <br />opment Center. <br />Beaumont, C. 1993. “Flexible Parking Codes for Older Downtowns.” Planning Advisory <br />Service Memo. November. <br />California Air Resources Board. 1998. Improving California Air Quality, Through Increased <br />Bicycling—Fact Sheet (www.arb.ca.gov/planning/tsaq/bicycle/factsht.htm). <br />FTA (Federal Transit Administration), U.S. Department of Transportation. 2002. “Get- <br />ting Started with Commuter Choice—America’s Way to Work, A Checklist.” <br />(www.fta.dot.gov/library/policy/cc/gs.htm) <br />ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers). 1987. Parking Generation. 2d ed. Washing- <br />ton, D.C. <br />_____. 1995. Shared Parking Planning Guidelines. Washington, D.C. <br />Kodama, M., et al. 1996. Using Demand-Based Parking Strategies to Meet Community Goals. <br />Monograph prepared for Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Committee under <br />the AB 2766 Program, Los Angeles. <br />Levinson, H. 1982. Parking in a Changing Time. Urban Transportation Perspectives and <br />Prospects. Westport, Conn.: The Eno Foundation. <br />Litman, T. 1999. Parking Requirement Impacts on Housing Affordability. Victoria Transport <br />Policy Institute. (www.vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf). <br />Millard-Ball, A. 2002. “Putting on Their Parking Caps.” Planning, April, 16-21. <br />Morrall, J. and Dan Bolger. 1996. “The Relationship Between Downtown Parking Sup- <br />ply and Transit Use.” ITE Journal, February, 32-36. <br />Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle. 1992. 1991 Parking Utilization Study. June. <br />NPA (National Parking Association), Parking Consultants Council. 1992. Recommended <br />Zoning Ordinance Provisions for Parking and Loading Spaces. Washington, D.C.: Na- <br />tional Parking Association. May. <br />1000 Friends of Oregon. 1997. Making the Land Use, Transportation Air Quality Connection, <br />Vol. 8—Making the Connections: Technical Report. Portland, Ore.: 1000 Friends of Or- <br />egon. March. <br />Pinsoff, Suzan Anderson, and Terri Musser. 1995. Bicycle Facility Planning. Planning Ad- <br />visory Service Report No. 459. Chicago: APA. <br />Pucher, J., C. Komanoff, C. and P. Schimek. “Bicycling Renaissance in North America? <br />Recent Trends and Alternative Policies to Promote Bicycling.” 1999. Transportation <br />Research Part A, 33, no. 7/8: 625-54 (www.policy.rutgers.edu/papers/11.pdf). <br />Shoup, Donald C. 1999a. “In Lieu of Required Parking.” Journal of Planning Education <br />and Research 18, no. 4 (Summer): 307-20. <br />Shoup, D. 1999. “The Trouble With Minimum Parking Requirements.” Transportation <br />Research Record, Part A, 33, no. 7/8: 549-74. <br />Urban Land Institute. 1999. Parking Requirements for Shopping Centers, Second Edition. <br />Washington, D.C.: Urban Land Institute <br />USDOT (U.S. Department of Transportation). 2002. “Talbe 1-9: Number of U.S. Aircraft, <br />Vehicles, Vessels, and Other Conveyances.” (www.bts.gov/publications/nts/html/ <br />table_01_09.html). <br />139