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<br />Edward E. Hamm Trustee Property: Conservation Design Plan: Initial Phase <br />Orono, Minnesota <br />Page 8 <br /> The 20-acre parcel Edward E. Hamm Trustee compound was constructed during the late 1910s and may meet the eligibility criteria to be listed as a national historic property. RECOMMENDATIONS Invasive Species Removal European Buckthorn, Reed Canary Grass, and Canada Thistle are scattered throughout the upland and wetland areas. Buckthorn was mostly located within the Maple -Basswood Forest area, adjacent to Orono Orchard Road South and Fox Street, and in the wooded areas adjacent to Orono Orchard Road South and Fox Street. Reed Canary Grass is primarily located and is dominant within the wetland areas. European Buckthorn can be removed via several different methods. Based on the size, density and amount of European Buckthorn on the property The cut stump treatment method for treating European Buckthorn which involves cutting the stems at ground level and treating the stems would most likely be the most effective way to remove the European Buckthorn. This method has the best results when conducted in the late summer and fall. The stems should receive herbicide treatment throughout fall and winter. Reed Canary Grass can be controlled through mechanical or chemical methods. To control Reed Canary Grass through mechanical methods, mow between mid-June and October to reduce seed production. When cut during the growing season, Reed Canary Grass will have a second growth spurt in the fall so multiple mowing maybe necessary. If choosing chemical methods for Reed Canary Grass, glyphosate can be used for effective control. If treatment occurs in or near wet areas, a herbicide formulation approved for water use is required. According to the DNR, Canada Thistle control can be done by repeated hand pulling. Mowing will weaken roots and is most effective when flower buds are just about to open. Prescribed burns should occur in the spring burns in April through June are most detrimental to Canada thistle, but also stimulate Canada thistle seed germination so follow up monitoring is needed. Repeated burns over three consecutive years are recommended. Herbicide control can be done using a spot application with glyphosate or with the selective herbicides clopyralid or metsulfuron. Herbicide control of Canada thistle is most effective when you apply the herbicide in spring or fall. <br />305