03-12-1990 Council Packet - Laserfiche WebLink

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areas when, in midsummer and late summer, the less permanent marshes begin to dry out. The borders of such areas are used for nesting through out the Northern States. \Miere vegetation is plentiful, they are used in all sections of the country as feeding and resting areas by ducks, geese, and coots, especially during the migration period. F!yw»y area: 1. Pacific north............................................. nnn 2. Pacific south ........................................... ^ 4. Central south........................................... 5. Misaiaaippi north..................................... 6. Mississippi south..................................... lo®- ^ 7. AtUuuic north.......................................... Jf. ^ 8. Atlantic south.......................................... 541. 50U Tjpc 6 —Shrub swamas (pi. 6). The soil is usually waterlogged during the growing season, and is often covered with as much as 6 inches of water. Vegetation inclu<les alders, willows, but- tonbush, dogwoods, and swamp-privet. Shrub swamps occur mostly alo.ng sluggish streams and occasionally on flood plains. They are used to a limited e.xtent for nesting and feeding in the North and for roosting and feeding in some of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley States. Else* where, shrub swamps an little used except in a few special situations. Fly way area: 1. Pacific north............................................ 2. Pacific south............................................ 3. Central north........................................... 4. Central south........................................... -3. 5U() 5. Mississippi north—-............................ 4^ 6. Mississippi south..................................... IJJ ’ 7. Atlantic north.......................................... <' • ^ 8. Atlantic south.......................................... ^22. 100 Type 7 —Wooded swampa (pi. 7). The soil is waterlogged at least to within a few inches of its surface during the growing season, and is often covered with as much as I foot of water. Wooded swamps occur mostly along sluggish streams, on flood plains, on flat uplands, and in very shallow lake basins. In the No-th, trees include tama rack, arborvitae, black spruce, balsam, red maple, and black ash. In the S<iuth, water oak, overcup oak, tupelo gum, swamp black gum, and ’cypress are dominant. In the Northwest, western hem lock, red alder, and willows are common. North ern evergreen swamps usually have a thick ground covering of mosses. Deciduous swamps frequently support beds of duckweeds, sm^r^- weeds, and other herbs. Wooded swamps often occur in association with shrub swamps, and waterfowl often use the 22 a:two types interchangeably. In the Southeast, Type 7 swamps become particularly important in years when lack of sujfficient fall and early winter rains leave overflow areas dry. At such times, wooded swamps represent the only shallow water available over wide areas. This type is particularly useful to the wood duck throughout the range of this species. Fly way area: 1. Pacific north........................................... ^2' 2. Pacific south.........................................- 2, 100 4 Central south--____________________39,000 S: MissLippi north.................................... 2.906,^ 6. Mississippi south.................................... 2, 813, ^ 7. .Atlantic north......................................... 556. ^ 8. .Atlantic south......................................... 10,4^3,200 Xjpe 8 —Bogs (pi. 8). These are often called pocosins. bays, and savannahs in the South. The soil is usually waterlogged and supports a spongy covering of mosses. Bogs occur mostly in shallow lake basins, on flat uplands, and along sluggish streams. Vegetation is woody or herbaceous, or both. Typical plants are heath shrubs, sphagnum moss, and sedges. In the North, leather-leaf. Labrador-tea, cranberries, carex, and cottongrass are often present. In the South, cyrilla, persea, gordonia, sweetbay, pond pine, Virginia chainfern, and pitcher-plants arc common. Scattered, often stunted, black spruce and tamarack may occur in northern bogs. Bogs have the lowest waterfowl rating, country wide, of all the 20 types. In northern New Eng land, however, they assume considerable signif icance. In Maine alone, 25,500 acres are classed as being of primary importance to w'aterfowl. Fly way area: 1. Pacific north............................................. j* 2. Pacific south............................................. ^nn 3. Central north........................................... 4. Central south............................................ 5. .Mississippi north..................................... 6. Mississippi south...................................... J5* 7. Atlantic north........................................... 8. .Atlantic south........................................... <33. 5UU INLAND SALINE AREAS Xype 9 —Inland Saline flats (pi. 9). The soil is without sunding water except after periods of heavy precipitation, but it is waterlogged to within at least a few inches of the surface during the growing season. Vegetation (often sparse or patchy) consists of salt-tolerant plants such as seablite, saltgrass, Nevada bulrush, saltbush, and burro-weed. Type 9 wetlands occur in un drained sumps in many parts of the arid \Vest. Sometimes they cover e.xtensive areas.