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3.1.7 <br />m: <br />m'-- <br />3.1.8 <br />3.1.8.1 <br />3.1.8.2 <br />3.1.8.3 <br />3.1.8.4 <br />3.1.8.5 <br />Rubra 11s: Since fendering is specified along the edges of finger, tee <br />and service piers; rubrails shall not be required in these locations. <br />However, timber rubrails shall be required along the edges of main <br />piers where vertical fendering is not required to protect boats from <br />rubbing on the "saw toothed" surface presented by the edges of deck <br />boards. Skirting, if required, may be substituted for rubrails if <br />they are extended to cover the "saw toothed* surfaces previously <br />described. The rubrails shall be located so that their top edges are <br />even with the top walking surface of the deck. Rubrails shall be <br />firmly attached to the pier framing with adequately sized bolts spaced <br />at a maximum of 5 feet on center. Bolt heads shall be of a type <br />providing a flush surface or the holes for the bolts shall be counter- <br />bored. Rubrails shall be nominal 2" x 6" unless noted otherwise and <br />individual sections of rubrail shall not be.less than 8 feet long. <br />Ladders: <br />Safety ladders shall be installed at the ends of all finger piers <br />and along main piers where finger piers are absent as well as at the <br />ends and along the open water side of service and tee piers and ends <br />of main piers where necessary to maintain 100 foot maximum spacing <br />between adjacent ladders. Ladders at the ends of finger piers shall <br />be so attached as to accommodate spuds if spuds are required at these <br />locations. Except if otherwise noted on the contract drawings, <br />spacing of ladders along the main pier/s and/or along the open water <br />side of service and tee piers shall be as shown on the 8 1/2" x 11" <br />drawing, designated FP-3, appended to this section. <br />Ladders shall be constructed of galvanized steel, aluminum or an <br />approved equal in accordance with accepted engineering practice. <br />Materials shall conform with applicable requirements of this specifi­ <br />cation. Clear spacing between vertical rails shall not be less than <br />18 or more than 24 inches with on center spacing of rungs of 10 to 12 <br />inches. The bottom of ladders shall project down into the water so <br />that the top of the bottom rung is 36 inches below the still water <br />surface. The top of the rails shall project 36 inches above the pier <br />deck surface with rungs omitted between the rails above the deck. <br />Ladders, except those at the end of finger piers, shall be so designed <br />as not to project more that 4 inches from the edge of the pier(s) so <br />as not to interfere with the movement of boats. Ladders shall be <br />located next to fenders on the ends of service and tee piers and where <br />broadside mooring is intended to protect from damage by and to boats. <br />Ladder^s shall be securely attached to the piers using a method of <br />attachment that shall allow the ladders to be swung out of the water <br />during the boating off-season. <br />That portion of ladder rails projecting above pier decks shall be <br />painted safety orange for easy visability. <br />pi-^- <br />m - 17 -