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02-10-1997 Council Packet
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02-10-1997 Council Packet
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in this study were also much lower than typical urban area runoff coefficients which <br />range from 0.2 to 0.7 for residential and commercial areas respectively, and are in fact <br />comparable to those estimated for undeveloped areas. <br />The small runoff rates from the golf courses is probably a function of the management <br />practices on the golf courses which promote rainfall infiltration. These practices <br />include regular soil aeration, addition of organic matter, maintenance of vigorous turf <br />grovrth. In addition, golf courses do not have the severely compacted subsoil which is <br />typical of many urban lawns. <br />Although base flow did occur at all of the sites during the study period, it was <br />negligible except at the Minikahda Club. The 1168 acre watershed above the course <br />delivered over 564 acre-feet of water to the course, over half during non-rainfall <br />periods. The watershed contains a large wetland complex upstream of the golf <br />course. The wetlands apparently store water and release it after stormwater flows <br />have abated. <br />NUTRIENT AND PHYSICAL PARAMETERS <br />A total of 67 rainfall runoff samples from the four golf course:? were collected during <br />the ice free season in 1994. More rainfall events were sampled at the Woodhill site, <br />19, than any of the other sites. The Woodhill site had the fewest problems with the <br />sampling equipment. In addition, because the runoff water entered a large pit where it <br />was temporarily stored, adequate volume for collection was available during all <br />sampled events. Conversely, at the other sites where samples were collected from an <br />intermittent stream flow, the water depth in the conduit during small events was not <br />sufficient to cover the intake strainer. As a result, only a few milliliters of water were <br />collected, an amount insufficient for analysis. The fewest events, 11, were sampled at <br />the Minikahda inflow site, mainly because of problems with the sampling equipment. <br />The mean, median, range, and standard deviation of the parameters found in the <br />runoff water are shown on Table 6. As the table shows, there was a wide range in the <br />concentration of most parameters during the study period. For example the total <br />phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.08 mg/I to 3.1 mg/I, and the total Kjeldahl <br />nitrogen concentration ranged from 0.50 mg/I to 8.2 mg/I. The mean concentrations <br />of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and nitrate & <br />nitrite nitrogen from the golf course sites were higher than concentrations reported for <br />urban residential or commercial areas (Brach, 1989). .However, the concentration of <br />total suspended solids was lower. <br />The mean concentrations of total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus, 0.52 <br />and 0.34 respectively, were significantly different (p<0.05). In addition, the sum of the <br />ammonia nitrogen and the nitrate & nitrite concentrations were significantly less than
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