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<br /> <br />111 <br />221698v1 <br /> <br />Managerial Breadth or Know-How); and Human Relation Skills (aka Human Relations Know-How). A <br />number is assigned for total Know-How points by making several separate choices for each of the three <br />elements described and an overall assessment. <br /> <br />Job-Specific Knowledge includes the position's requirements for knowledge and skills related to <br />practices, procedures, specialized techniques and professional disciplines. It also includes basic and job- <br />specific supervisory and managerial knowledge/skills/abilities (KSAs), when appropriate. This aspect of <br />Know-How does not make distinctions among differently-sized managerial jobs nor does it include <br />human relation skills. It is important to remember that this element measures the requirements of the <br />position, not the qualifications of an incumbent. <br /> <br />Integrating Know-How considers the need to integrate and manage progressively more diverse functions <br />and is used to rank managerial breadth and scope, from similar to very different functions. When <br />required, basic and job-specific supervisory and managerial knowledge, skills and abilities are included in <br />the Job-Specific part of a Know-How rating. The overall size of an organization directly influences the <br />number of managerial breath categories, because the organizational size often reflects requirements for <br />increased managerial complexity and diversity. <br /> <br />Human Relation Skills is the third element of a job's Know-How rating. It is the active, practicing <br />interpersonal skills typically required for productive working relationships to work with, or through, <br />others inside and/or outside of the organization to get work accomplished. It assumes that each job <br />requires a foundation of basic human relations skills. To be effective, an employee must typically be <br />proficient at the highest level of Human Relations Skill regularly required for the position. <br /> <br />Problem Solving is the process of working through details of a problem to reach a solution. Problem <br />solving may include mathematical or systematic operations and can be a gauge of an individual's critical <br />thinking skills. Problem Solving measures the intensity of the mental process that uses Know-How to: (1) <br />identify, (2) define, and (3) resolve problems. It is a percentage of Know-How, reflecting the fact that <br />"you think with what you know." This is true of even the most creative work. Ideas are put together from <br />something already there. The raw material of any thinking is knowledge of facts, principles and means. <br /> <br />Context includes the influences or environment that limit or guide decision-making such as rules, <br />instructions, procedures, standards, policies, principles from fields of science and academic disciplines. <br />Positions are guided by organizational, departmental or functional goals, policies, objectives and practices <br />circumscribed by procedures and instructions. In general, policies describe the "what" of a subject matter, <br />procedures detail the steps needed to follow through on a policy (i.e., how, where, when, by whom) and <br />instructions outline the specific aspects of how to perform the tasks, such as the operation of a machine or <br />how to select the appropriate letters to use in particular situations. <br /> <br />Thinking Challenge includes the nature of the problems encountered and the mental processes used to <br />resolve the problems. The scale ranges from simple problems to very complex issues, with the premise <br />that simple issues recur regularly in the same form and after a while are resolved by rote or instinct, but <br />very difficult issues require substantial thinking and deliberation. The types of situations encountered and <br />the processes involved in identifying, defining or resolving related problems are considered. Thinking <br />Challenge reflects the degree of difficulty in finding improvements and adapting to changes. <br /> <br />Accountability does not mean being responsible for getting one's own work done. Rather, it reflects <br />responsibility for actions and their consequences and the measured effect of the job on end results, or <br />impact, for the organization. Accountability includes three factors: Freedom to Act/Empowerment, <br />Magnitude, and Job Impact. <br />