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19, T.111N., R.23W.; USGS Montgomery quadrang e; lat. 44 degrees 24 minutes 3 seconds N., and long. 93 degrees 38 minutes 41 sec ds W.,NAD 27. RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free arbonates range from 20 to 60 inches. Gravel of mixed lithology, but dominated by shale fragments, typically make up 2 to 8 percent of the volume of the series control secti n, but the upper part of the profile in some pedons contains less than 2 percent gravel. Ro nded shale fragments dominate the coarse sand fraction. Soil saturation occurs above a epth of 40 inches in 6 out of 10 years. The Ap or A horizon has hue of lOYR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, loam or silt loam. The reactio is moderately acid to neutral. Some pedons have a thin E horizon. The Bt horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of 4 r 5, and chroma of 3 to 5. Faint to prominent Fe concentrations and depletions commo ly are above a depth of 40 inches. Redox depletions do not occur in the upper 10 inche of this horizon. The upper 20 inches of the Bt horizon typically contains 35 to 45 ercent clay. B/A clay ratios are 1.2 to 1.4. The Bt horizon is clay loam, silty clay loam, r clay. The reaction strongly acid to neutral. The 2BC horizon has properties similar to the 2C ho izon. Some pedons have a 2BK horizon. The 2C horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.SY, value of or 5, and chroma of 2 to 5. It is clay loam or loam. The reaction is slightly alkaline or mo erately alkaline. COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing s ries. GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kilkenny soils have p ane and convex slopes on gently sloping to steep end moraines of the Des Moines lob of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Their slopes range from 2 to 35 percent. They forme in a mantle of clayey glacial till or flow till and underlying loamy glacial till on morain s. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation 's about 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free days range from 145 to 175. Elevation above sea lev 1 ranges from 800 to 1500 feet. GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: T ese are the Glencoe, Lerdal, Lester, Le Sueur, Lura, Mazaska, and Shields series. The ve y poorly drained Glencoe and Lura soils are in the lower lying drainageways and depres ions. The somewhat poorly drained Lerdal soils are on gently sloping to moderately stee areas. Shields soils are poorly drained, and are on slightly elevated flats. Mazaska ils are poorly drained, and are on slightly elevated flats and swales above or within ar s of Kilkenny soils. Also, the well drained Lester soils and the moderately well drained Le Sueur soils are associated in a few areas. DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderatel well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. Runoff is medium to very high. A erched seasonal high water table occurs at depths of 2.5 to 4.0 feet during the period pril, May, and June in normal years. I