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Entrance feeder- a wooden runway that fits into the hive entrance so that bees may obtain syrup from a jar <br /> inverted into it (not recommended). <br /> Epigenetic- changes that arise from the influence of environmental factors on gene expression. <br /> European foulbrood (EFB) - an infectious disease of immature honey bees caused by the bacterium, <br /> Melisococcus plutonious. <br /> Excluder(queen excluder) - a thin grid of wire, wood and wire, sheet plastic, or sheet zinc with spaces or holes <br /> large enough for workers to pass through but not queens or drones. It is used between hive bodies to confine <br /> queens to one part of a hive. <br /> Extender patty - a combination of vegetable shortening, sugar and oxytetracycline used as a slow release <br /> formulation for prevention and treatment of AFB.Also used to treat tracheal mites. The grease disrupts the <br /> ability of the tracheal mites to enter the tracheal tubes. (Not recommended with oxytetracycline for AFB <br /> control). Also see grease patty. <br /> Extracted honey - liquid honey removed from the comb by means of an extractor or other methods of <br /> separation. <br /> Extractor (honey extractor) - a hand- or power-driven device that removes honey from the comb by centrifugal <br /> force. <br /> Field bee (forager) -worker bee that collects nectar, pollen, water, and/or propolis at locations outside the hive. <br /> . Fluvalinate - a pyrethroid pesticide (miticide) used to treat for varroa mites; active ingredient in "Apistan®." <br /> Flyway barrier- a structure (wall, fence, shrub, etc.) that bees will fly up and over, reducing the likelihood of the <br /> bees flying into people or animals on the other side. <br /> Formic acid - a pesticide (miticide) used to treat colonies for varroa mites; active ingredient in "Mite Away Quick <br /> Strips®" and "Formic Pro®." <br /> Foulbrood - a general name for infectious diseases of immature bees that cause them to die and their remains <br /> to smell bad. The term most often refers to American foulbrood. See also American foulbrood and European <br /> foulbrood. <br /> Foundation - see comb foundation. <br /> Frame - a wooden rectangle that surrounds the comb and hangs within the hive. It may be referred to as a <br /> Hoffman, Langstroth, or self-spacing frame because of size differences and width of end bars that provide a <br /> bee space between the combs. The words "frame" and "comb" are often used interchangeably; for example, a <br /> comb of brood is the same as a frame of brood. <br /> Granulated honey- honey in which crystals of a sugar (dextrose) have formed. <br /> Granulation - the formation of sugar (dextrose) crystals in honey. <br /> Grease patty-A combination of vegetable shortening and sugar used to treat tracheal mites. The grease <br /> disrupts the ability of the tracheal mites to enter the tracheal tubes. See also extender patty. <br /> Beekeeping in Northern Climates 85 <br />