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' modify the proposed construction area such that vegetation and tree removal is avoided to the extent possible. 6.5.5 Fauna Wildlife within the area of the Project consists primarily of deer, small mammals,waterfowl,raptors, ' and perching birds (MnDNR). These species are typically observed in areas that are primarily open and agricultural,with limited opportunities for nesting and cover. Threatened species and species of concern in near the Project are discussed further in Section 6.6 below. ' The land use at and within the vicinity of the proposed Project is predominantly residential or undeveloped wetland. The primary potential impact presented to fauna by transmission lines is the potential injury and death of migratory birds such as raptors,waterfowl,and other large bird species. ' The electrocution of large birds, such as raptors, is more commonly associated with small distribution lines than large transmission lines. Electrocution occurs when birds with large wingspans come in contact with two conductors or with a conductor and a grounding device. Xcel Energy transmission and distribution line design standards provide adequate spacing to eliminate the risk of raptor electrocution and will minimize potential avian impacts of the proposed Project. ' Wildlife could also temporarily be displaced and a small area of habitat could be lost from the Project transmission line right-of-way during construction. Wildlife that inhabits trees that may be removed for the Project, along with wildlife that inhabits other undeveloped areas, will likely be ' temporarily displaced. Similar tree habitats are found on land adjacent to the Proposed Route; therefore,it is likely that these species will only be displaced a short distance. In September 2010 and January 2011, Xcel Energy requested comments from MnDNR regarding ' impacts on wildlife in the vicinity of the Project. In a letter dated March 31, 2011 the MnDNR identified two avian species near the Project location, including Trumpeter Swans and Bald Eagles. Of these species, the Trumpeter Swan has a State status of Threatened and the Bald Eagle has a ' State status of Special Concern. See Sections 6.6 and 8.1.6 and Appendix C.1 for more information regarding this correspondence. ' Mitigative Measures Displacement of fauna is anticipated to be minor and temporary in nature, and no long-term ' population-level effects are anticipated. Xcel Energy has been working with various state and federal agencies over the past 20 years to address avian issues as quickly and efficiently as possible. In 2002, Xcel Energy entered into a voluntary Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") with the ' USFWS to work together to address avian issues throughout its service territories. This includes the development of Avian Protection Plans ("APP") for each Upper Midwest state Xcel Energy serves: Minnesota,South Dakota,and North Dakota. ' The primary methods Xcel Energy uses to address avian issues for transmission projects include: • working with resource agencies to identify any areas that may require marking ' transmission line shield wires or using alternate structures to reduce collisions (resource agencies include the MnDNR,USFWS,and the USAGE);and ' • attempting to avoid areas known as major flyways or migratory resting spots. ' Orono Project June 7,2011 MPUC Docket No. E002/TL-11-223 59