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SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES FOR BUCKTHORN <br /> Year I <br /> Removal and Chemical Application: Flag buckthorn(if necessary). Cut buckthorn <br /> throughout the buffer areas. Treat stumps with chosen herbicide and corresponding <br /> methodology specific to the herbicide. <br /> Planting(Optional): Augment with native shrubs (3-4 different species, 2 to 3 per <br /> cluster or dispersed), trees, and herbaceous plants. Add mulch around each newly <br /> installed plant — about 1 foot radius. Protect young shrubs from browsing deer, rabbits, <br /> etc. using protective structures. Planting should occur in late spring or early summer to <br /> ensure successful establishment. On some sites, planting may not be required. Instead, <br /> wait 2-3 years to watch for natives to return from dormant roots or seed. <br /> Year 2 <br /> Monitor new plantings and maintain protective structures. Check area for <br /> buckthorn infestations as well as other invasive species such as tartarian honeysuckle <br /> (Lonicera tartarica) and burdock (Arctium minus). Spot treat invasive vegetation that <br /> emerges with recommended herbicide described in the procedure for Year 1. <br /> Year 3 <br /> Verify that the area is still dominated or becoming dominated by native species. <br /> Repeat procedure described for Year 2 for eradicating invasive vegetation. If native <br /> species have not become established and a planting did not take place in Year One, then <br /> Year Three is when a seeding/planting should take place. See attachments for <br /> appropriate seed mixes and seed rates. <br /> CONTROL OF EXISTING REED CANARY GRASS <br /> Reed canary grass is present in varying degrees within wetland areas 1, 3, 4 and 6. Reed <br /> canary grass forms dense and highly productive monocultures in a way similar to broad <br /> leaf cattail and purple loostrife. By producing these large monoculture areas, the <br /> biological diversity is then essentially homogenizing to that of one habitat structure. <br /> Reed canary grass grows from seed, stem fragments, and rhizomes. Within one growing <br /> season, the rhizomes in the soil produce a dense mass which will out compete the native <br /> plants already rooted in the soil. Reed canary grass is a facultative wetland species <br /> meaning that it can grow under a variety of hydrologic conditions. The grass tends to be <br /> found in moist or wet soils and can tolerate water conditions ranging from high water <br /> levels to drought like conditions. <br /> Reed canary grass is a persistent and tenacious Eurasian plant species that has been <br /> planted throughout the U.S since the 1800's. At the time, the grass was known for its <br /> large forage yields and erosion control abilities but as time went on other characteristics <br /> of the plant were recognized. Some of those characteristics include its prolific seed <br /> dispersal, robust vegetative growth, and dense network of underground rhizomes with <br /> thousands of dormant buds(Wisconsin Reed Canary Grass Management Working Group, <br /> 2009). Similar to buckthorn, the seed bank can last for up to 6 years meaning that follow <br /> Svoboda Ecological Resources 9 1700 Shoreline Drive <br /> Project leo.:2015-004 Irwin Jacobs <br />