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(Dunevitz and Lane, 2004). Common buckthorn occurs in various isolated locations on <br /> the site primarily along the shoreline of Tanager Lake. Reed canary grass occurs in <br /> wetland areas 1, 3, 4 and 6. We have provided control recommendations for the <br /> buckthorn,garlic mustard and reed canary grass observed in the wetland and buffer areas. <br /> A list of desirable native species that are known to occur within the Northern Wet <br /> Meadow/Carr community according to Dunevitz and Lane (2004) and in Restoring and <br /> Managing Native Wetland and Upland Vegetation (R. Jacobson, 2006) is also provided <br /> (Attachment B). <br /> The removal and annual control of invasives in the buffer areas will be either self <br /> performed by the developer or contracted out at the developer's expense. This will also <br /> be the case for the installation of the native vegetation. After the initial remediation of the <br /> buffer area is complete, Svoboda Ecological Resources (SER) (or another contractor <br /> chosen by the developer) will monitor the buffer area and submit annual reports to the <br /> city of Orono describing the progression of the management area if desired by regulatory <br /> personnel. <br /> The developer will retain SER as a consultant(or other contractor of their choice) for the <br /> purpose of monitoring the vegetation management activities within the buffer area for the <br /> time period of three years, where the chosen contractor will visit the site twice per year. <br /> The developer will request notification by the city of Orono before an on-site inspection <br /> is conducted by the city (or its designated authority). The developer's inspection <br /> contractor will report the progress of the monitoring activities to the developer after each <br /> site visit and will also discuss any issues with the city of Orono at the time of the <br /> scheduled on-site inspection. <br /> CONTROL OF EXISTING BUCKTHORN <br /> Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) is established along the shoreline of Tanager <br /> Lake and may be present in isolated pockets elsewhere on the parcel. Seed carried by <br /> birds has helped introduce this species throughout the region. Buckthorn generally does <br /> well in moderately shady forested areas. Buckthorn can usually be found throughout the <br /> Twin Cities in fragmented woods or city lots and invades first from forest edges and <br /> slowly moves inwards. Buckthorn has been successful at establishing itself in these <br /> woods due to its long growing season, rapid growth rate, and copious fruit production. <br /> This establishment of buckthorn has multiple ecological detriments such as out <br /> competing native plants, disrupting the forest structure, and reducing plant species <br /> diversity. These detriments have lead to major efforts to prevent the spread of buckthorn <br /> and restore the forests to an ecologically productive and functional state. Proper <br /> management and yearly follow-ups will be necessary for this site due to the seed bank <br /> left behind by buckthorn which can regenerate for up to 6 years after removal has taken <br /> place. <br /> To eradicate the existing buckthorn, cut the plants and treat the stumps with herbicide <br /> such as Roundup (or its counterpart in wet areas, Rodeo). Application should be full- <br /> strength. When cutting the larger buckthorn,place flags near the stump so that stumps are <br /> not missed when the chemical treatment is applied. Herbicide treatment needs to occur <br /> within two hours of cutting to be effective. <br /> Svoboda Ecological Resources 7 1700 Shoreline Drive <br /> Project No.:2015-004 Irwin Jacobs <br />