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Technical Evaluation Report(TER) <br /> Appendix B: <br /> Legal Aspects of Product Approval <br /> 1. Product Approval <br /> 1.1. In general, the model and local codes provide for the use of alternative materials, designs and methods of <br /> construction by having a legal provision that states something similar to: <br /> The provisions of this code/law are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or <br /> method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code/law, provided that any such alternative has been <br /> approved.An alternative material,design or method of construction shall be approved where the compliance official finds <br /> that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code/law, and that the <br /> material, design, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this <br /> code/law. <br /> 1.2. In concert with preserving "free and unfettered competition as the rule of trade", should this alternative <br /> material, design or method of construction not be approved, the building official shall respond in writing, stating <br /> the specific reasons for non-code-compliance and/or for non-professional engineering regulation compliance. <br /> Congress passed the first antitrust law,the Sherman Act,in 1890 as a"comprehensive charter of economic liberty aimed <br /> at preserving free and unfettered competition as the rule of trade." In 1914, Congress passed two additional antitrust <br /> laws: the Federal Trade Commission Act, which created the FTC, and the Clayton Act. With some revisions, these are <br /> the three core federal antitrust laws still in effect today. <br /> ...Yet for over 100 years, the antitrust laws have had the same basic objective: to protect the process of competition for <br /> the benefit of consumers, making sure there are strong incentives for businesses to operate efficiently, keep prices <br /> down, and keep quality up.... <br /> The Sherman Act outlaws "every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade," and any "monopolization, <br /> attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize." For instance, in some sense, an agreement <br /> between two individuals to form a partnership restrains trade, but may not do so unreasonably, and thus may be lawful <br /> under the antitrust laws. On the other hand, certain acts are considered so harmful to competition that they are almost <br /> always illegal. <br /> The penalties for violating the Sherman Act can be severe. Although most enforcement actions are civil, the Sherman <br /> Act is also a criminal law, and individuals and businesses that violate it may be prosecuted by the Department of <br /> Justice.11 <br /> 2. Legal Validity of this TER <br /> 2.1. This TER is a code-defined (e.g., 2009 IBC and IRC Section 104.11.1 and 2009 IBC Section 1703.4.2) <br /> "research report"that provides supporting data to assist in the approval of materials, designs or assemblies not <br /> specifically provided for in this code. <br /> 2.2. Therefore, this TER is a valid research report from a professional engineering company that complies <br /> with the code definition of"approved source." If required by the authority having jurisdiction, this TER <br /> can also be sealed to comply with professional engineering laws and regulations. <br /> 11 http://www.ftc.gov/bc/antitrust/antitrust laws.shtm <br /> TER No. 1009-01 Page 12 of 12 <br /> Use of FastenMaster HeadLOKTM Fasteners to Attach Cladding <br /> and/or Furring to Wood Framing through Foam Sheathing <br />