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The A or Ap horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The E
<br /> horizon where present, has value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. The A and E horizons
<br /> are loam or clay loam,but sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam is within the range.
<br /> They range from moderately acid to neutral.
<br /> The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay
<br /> loam or loam and has 24 to 35 percent clay and 30 to 45 percent sand. The B/A clay
<br /> ratios range from 1.2 to 1.4. It is strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and
<br /> moderately acid to neutral in the lower part. A Bw horizon is sometimes present below
<br /> the Bt.
<br /> The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The Bk
<br /> horizon is loam or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Relict
<br /> redoximorphic features are present in some pedons.
<br /> The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam
<br /> or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Relict redoximorphic features
<br /> are present in some pedons.
<br /> COMPETING SERIES: These are the Angus, Argyle, Baltimore, Bassett, Blooming,
<br /> Caleb, Dowagiac, Dunbridge, Gara, Koronis, Lauramie, Longlois, Lydick, Mohawk,
<br /> Neda,Newcomer, Oneco, Orwood, Racine, Razort, Sebbo, Taopi, Waucoma, and
<br /> Winneshiek soils in the same family. Angus and Sebbo soil have saturation in the lower
<br /> third of the series control section. Argyle, Baltimore, and Oneco soils have B horizons
<br /> with 7.5YR or redder hue. Bassett soils are very strongly acid to moderately acid in the
<br /> upper part of the Bt horizon. Blooming and Racine soils have 15 to 35 percent sand in the
<br /> upper part of the particle-size control section. Caleb soils have some subhorizons that
<br /> have more than 45 percent in the lower part of the control section. Dowagiac and Koronis
<br /> soils have less than 24 percent clay in the lower one third of the particle-size control
<br /> section. Dunbridge, Waucoma, Newcomer and Winneshiek soils have sola terminated by
<br /> bedrock at depths above 60 inches. Gara soils average less than 2 percent rock fragments
<br /> in the control section. Longlois, Lydic, and Neda soils have more than 8 percent rock
<br /> fragments in some subhorizon of the control section. Lauramie soils have more than 45
<br /> percent sand in some subhorizon in the middle part of the control section. Mohawk soils
<br /> have a higher content of silt and have dark colors in the B horizon which apparently are
<br /> inherited from dark shale. Orwood soils have no rock fragments in the particle-size
<br /> control section. Razort soils have less than 30 percent sand in the control section.
<br /> GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on moraines and till plains.
<br /> Slope gradients range from 5 to 70 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till
<br /> of late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 degrees to 52 degrees
<br /> F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 33 inches. Frost free days range from 125
<br /> to 165. Elevations range from 700 to 1600 feet.
<br /> GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Cordova, Dundas,
<br /> Glencoe, Hamel, Houghton, Klossner, Le Sueur, Muskego, and Nessel soils. Poorly
<br /> drained Cordova and somewhat poorly and poorly drained Dundas soils are on flats and
<br /> upper drainageways with a high seasonal water table. Very poorly drained Glencoe,
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