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BRAUN Descriptive Terminology of Soil
<br /> Standard D 2487 -00
<br /> IN T RICO iU / Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
<br /> 1�1 E It 1 L ,,,rg,,,,,, L (Unified Soil Classification System)
<br /> Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Soils Classification Particle Size Identification
<br /> Group Names Using Laboratory Tests a Group Boulders over 12"
<br /> Symbol Group Name b Cobbles 3"to 12'
<br /> c Gravels Clean Gravels C,,>_4 and 1<._C.< 3 c GW Well-graded gravel Gravel
<br /> 0
<br /> u a More than 50%of 5%or less fines e c Coarse 3/4"to 3"
<br /> ,p c coarse fraction C.<4 and/or 1 >C.>3 GP Poorly graded gravel Fine No.4 to 3/4`
<br /> a ma', retained on Gravels with Fines Fines classify as ML or MR GM Silty gravel d'v Sand
<br /> c m No.4 sieve More than 12%fines e Fines classify as CL or CH GC Clayey gravel°tg Coarse No.4 to No.10
<br /> `LooMedium No.10 to No.40
<br /> E a, N Sands Clean Sands C,, 6 and 1 < C. <3 c SW Well-graded sand" Fine No.40 to No.200
<br /> L zo 50%or more of 5%or less fines' C <6 and/or 1>Cc>3 c SP Poorly graded sand" Silt <No.200,PI<4 or
<br /> a -- coarse fraction
<br /> o 2 passes Sands with Fines Fines classify as ML or MH SM Silty sand'9" below"A"line
<br /> v o Clay <No.200,PI24and
<br /> E No. 4 sieve More than 12%' Fines classify as CL or CH SC Clayey sand'9' on or above"A"line
<br /> WInor Inorganic PI>7 and plots on or above"A"line I CL Lean clay"'
<br /> w Silts and Clays g Relative Densityof
<br /> -a PI<4 or plots below"A"line ML Silt"'
<br /> c a) a, Liquid limit
<br /> N > Cohesionless Soils
<br /> d less than 50 Liquid limit-oven dried OL Organic clay k 'm
<br /> a ,o — Organic < 0.75
<br /> a a o Liquid limit-not dried OL Organic silt"''°' Very loose 0 to 4 BPF
<br /> L n o cv PI plots on or above"A"line CH Fat clayLoose 5 to 10 BPF
<br /> a E Silts and clays Inorganic Medium dense 11 to 30 BPF
<br /> Z o PI plots below"A"line MH Elastic silt"'m
<br /> `o Liquid limit Dense 31 to 50 BPF
<br /> Ir.;&' 50 or more Or anic Liquid limit-oven dried OH Organic clay"'^v
<br /> 9
<br /> in Liquid limit-not dried OH Organic silt"'m
<br /> Highly Organic Soils Primarily organic matter,dark in color and organic odor PT Peat Consistency of Cohesive Soils
<br /> a Based on the material passing the 3-in(75mm)sieve Very soft 0 to 1 BPF
<br /> b. If field sample contained cobbles or boulders.or both.add`with cobbles or boulders or both"to group name. Soft 2 to 3 BPF
<br /> c. C, = D./D,c Cc={D3)2 Rather soft 4 to 5 BPF
<br /> D,o x D. Medium 6 to 8 BPF
<br /> Rather stiff 9 to 12 BPF
<br /> d If soil contains215%sand.add with sand'to group name Stiff 13 to 16 BPF
<br /> e Gravels with 5 to 12%fines require dual symbols'
<br /> GW-GM well-graded gravel with silt Very stiff 17 to 30 BPF
<br /> GW-GC well-graded gravel with clay Hard over 30 BPF
<br /> GP-GM poorly graded gravel with silt
<br /> GP-GC poorly graded gravel with clay
<br /> f. If fines classify as CL-ML,use dual symbol GC-GM or SC-SM.
<br /> g. If fines are organic,add-with organic fines'to group name.
<br /> h. If soil contains 2 15%gravel.add"with graver to group name.
<br /> i. Sands with 5 to 12%fines require dual symbols' Drilling Notes
<br /> SW-SM well-graded sand with silt
<br /> SW-SC well-graded sand with clay Standard penetration test borings were advanced by 3 1/4"or 6 1/4"
<br /> SP-SM poorly graded sand with silt ID hollow-stem augers unless noted otherwise.Jetting water was used
<br /> SP-SC poorly graded sand with clay to clean out auger prior to sampling only where indicated on logs.
<br /> j. If Atterberg limits plot in hatched area.soil is a CL-ML,silty clay. Standard penetration test borings are designated by the prefix "ST"
<br /> k If soil contains 10 to 29%plus Na 200,add"with sand"or"with graver whichever is predominant.
<br /> - I If soil contains30%plus No 200.predominantly sand.add-sandy to group name (Split Tube). All samples were taken with the standard 2"OD split-tube
<br /> 1 m. If soil contains2 30%plus No.200 predominantly gravel.add-gravelly"to group name sampler,except where noted.
<br /> n. PI 2 4 and plots on or above'A'line.
<br /> 0. PI <4 or plots below-A'line. Power auger borings were advanced by 4"or 6"diameter continuous-
<br /> p. PI plots on or above-A'line. flight,solid-stem augers.Soil classifications and strata depths were in-
<br /> q. PI plots below"A`line. ferred from disturbed samples augered to the surface and are,therefore.
<br /> somewhat approximate. Power auger borings are designated by the
<br /> 60 ,' prefix"B."
<br /> /
<br /> 50 - e / Hand auger borings were advanced manually with a 1 1/2"or 3 1/4"
<br /> �>c diameter auger and were limited to the depth from which the auger could
<br /> ,J / ‘Pe be manually withdrawn. Hand auger borings are indicated by the prefix
<br /> d /
<br /> 40 / Os- ••P H"
<br /> x of
<br /> at 'Ts • GNC\ BPF: Numbers indicate blows per foot recorded in standard penetration
<br /> C 30 - / test,also known as"N"value. The sampler was set 6"into undisturbed
<br /> Z' •
<br /> /
<br /> / soil below the hollow-stem auger. Driving resistances were then counted
<br /> / for second and third 6"increments and added to get BPF. Where they
<br /> - •
<br /> +' 20 // Q\' differed significantly,they are reported in the following form: 2/12 for the
<br /> R /of second and third 6"increments,respectively.
<br /> d // G>,' MH or OH
<br /> WH:WH indicates the sampler penetrated soil under weight of hammer
<br /> 10 - // and rods alone,driving not required.
<br /> 4 , , ,,, t j��j ML or OL WR: WR indicates the sampler penetrated soil under weight of rods
<br /> 0 ' t alone:hammer weight and driving not required.
<br /> 0 10 16 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
<br /> TW indicates thin-walled(undisturbed)tube sample.
<br /> Liquid Limit(LL)
<br /> Laboratory Tests Note: All tests were run in general accordance with applicable ASTM
<br /> standards.
<br /> DD Dry density,pcf OC Organic content.%
<br /> WD Wet density. pcf S Percent of saturation,%
<br /> MC Natural moisture content. % SG Specific gravity
<br /> LL Liqiuid limit,% C Cohesion,psf
<br /> PL Plastic limit,% 0 Angle of internal friction
<br /> PI Plasticity index, % qu Unconfined compressive strength,psf
<br /> P200 %passing 200 sieve qp Pocket penetrometer strength,tsf
<br /> Rev 7/07
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