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Descriptive Terminology of Soii
<br />Standard D 2487 - 00
<br />;U Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
<br />(Unified Soil Classification System)
<br />corves czcve' ,,urt:ws V tolt.. to gioup nam. e
<br />c C" - ui,; D., C - 'o' -
<br />D., x D,
<br />�0:3 A.Msaria topu�-'naple
<br />ttm: sy"Ws
<br />GWGM
<br />GW -GC �,ell-gradedgra-elve4lic:ae
<br />GP -GC rL10WlY;1a1_q1ZlVaV0.ithCldf
<br />0 lines c:250i as CL MIL -se dual symtk�,r l3C-GM cr SC SM
<br />ad-, :oWo�pra,,rle
<br />If iioif comm'ns � 15�i gra..31 adi W�jf, D,*VelF to Der,",
<br />I Sands viln 5 tc! fPAS T�--#-.Wil Ci,*1 S$ rrll!N�iS
<br />S`A;-sf%j ve"1jFqrace3 sa,,-,wrth sit.
<br />SVV-SC ml� riay
<br />SP -SPA roorl�- qa-M50 s�r" —M Sill
<br />SP -SC g�O�Oy OIQ1-41 SAIC �Ih Ibr
<br />1 :1 Altervefg limits p:.oi �r rixchvn aztiji so I is a CL,FAL silly sra�-
<br />10402ch PUM 2X Of -W1X!Wa'0.
<br />zlW'sa�dl, ringtoLpname
<br />ado 9,a,e::5�
<br />P1 � 4 a" plots on of ai A ,�e
<br />P i < 4 of Plots oeluw A- ;ine
<br />P P I p ots on at above A' Ve
<br />Q r'I F �-: S De4q& A I �Q
<br />Go
<br />so
<br />Z-
<br />R-� 40
<br />x
<br />30
<br />20
<br />10
<br />7
<br />A
<br />0
<br />Criteria for Assiqmng Group Symbols and
<br />S i i s Classification
<br />F7]
<br />cobbles
<br />Group
<br />Names Usillo Laboratory Tests
<br />roup
<br />I
<br />Dy dEtISFIY PC�
<br />Oc Orgamccontem
<br />WD
<br />Wel density PCI
<br />Symboli
<br />G roup Name
<br />C
<br />0
<br />Gravels
<br />Clean Gravels
<br />C, Z� 4 and I <
<br />GW
<br />Vifell.g.aciec, gravel;
<br />-0
<br />in 0
<br />fillort than 50-11, of
<br />coarse traction
<br />Vit ,I less fines
<br />C 4 and/of 1 C Z. 3
<br />GP
<br />Poorly gladed gravel
<br />Gravels with Fines
<br />Fines classify a::. IAL or Nill-I
<br />GM
<br />Silly gravel
<br />'ro Q
<br />retafnedon
<br />Fines classify as CL or CH
<br />GC
<br />clavey-9 ravel
<br />No 4 sieve
<br />Marc than 12% lines
<br />a',
<br />Sands
<br />Clean Sands
<br />nd 1 < C, < 3 o
<br />SW
<br />Well -graded sand
<br />G
<br />Z
<br />50% or Mori: of
<br />coarse fraction
<br />51,- or less fines
<br />C� < 6 anditor I , C,::- 3 c
<br />SP
<br />Poorly giraded sand
<br />0 W
<br />pas$es
<br />Sands witTh Fines
<br />j:F:ine:s classify as NIL or MH
<br />Silly sand
<br />Pines Classify as CL or CH
<br />SC
<br />Cla�c�- sand'�
<br />No 4 sieve
<br />More than 12�,t
<br />is
<br />Incfganic
<br />PJ > 7 and plots cn or above'A'brie I
<br />CL
<br />L eian clay
<br />0 W I
<br />Silts and Clays
<br />Liquid 111%1;1
<br />P1 < 4 or pto'.s befowA- finel
<br />MI.
<br />.
<br />Sill -
<br />0-ganic
<br />Liquid limit - oven dried 0 75
<br />OL
<br />Organic clay
<br />gri - l,
<br />M 9?
<br />:eSS Irian 1,0
<br />MH or
<br />OH
<br />Liquid limit - not dried
<br />0L
<br />organic sill
<br />Zi
<br />E
<br />Silts and clays
<br />Incrgaric
<br />PI plots on or above 'A' line
<br />-
<br />CH
<br />Fat cfav
<br />P1 Plots below'A'fine
<br />MH
<br />lastir sw'
<br />a Z
<br />Liquid limit
<br />50 or more
<br />Organic
<br />Liquid limit - oven cried
<br />OH
<br />-;ay
<br />Organic f -
<br />< 075
<br />Liquid limit - not dried
<br />OH
<br />Organic Sli,
<br />High.ly Organic Soils i
<br />Pirmarily orgtmc mallec daf� in color and organic odor
<br />PT
<br />Peat
<br />corves czcve' ,,urt:ws V tolt.. to gioup nam. e
<br />c C" - ui,; D., C - 'o' -
<br />D., x D,
<br />�0:3 A.Msaria topu�-'naple
<br />ttm: sy"Ws
<br />GWGM
<br />GW -GC �,ell-gradedgra-elve4lic:ae
<br />GP -GC rL10WlY;1a1_q1ZlVaV0.ithCldf
<br />0 lines c:250i as CL MIL -se dual symtk�,r l3C-GM cr SC SM
<br />ad-, :oWo�pra,,rle
<br />If iioif comm'ns � 15�i gra..31 adi W�jf, D,*VelF to Der,",
<br />I Sands viln 5 tc! fPAS T�--#-.Wil Ci,*1 S$ rrll!N�iS
<br />S`A;-sf%j ve"1jFqrace3 sa,,-,wrth sit.
<br />SVV-SC ml� riay
<br />SP -SPA roorl�- qa-M50 s�r" —M Sill
<br />SP -SC g�O�Oy OIQ1-41 SAIC �Ih Ibr
<br />1 :1 Altervefg limits p:.oi �r rixchvn aztiji so I is a CL,FAL silly sra�-
<br />10402ch PUM 2X Of -W1X!Wa'0.
<br />zlW'sa�dl, ringtoLpname
<br />ado 9,a,e::5�
<br />P1 � 4 a" plots on of ai A ,�e
<br />P i < 4 of Plots oeluw A- ;ine
<br />P P I p ots on at above A' Ve
<br />Q r'I F �-: S De4q& A I �Q
<br />Go
<br />so
<br />Z-
<br />R-� 40
<br />x
<br />30
<br />20
<br />10
<br />7
<br />A
<br />0
<br />to is 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 90 100 110
<br />nnuldefs
<br />Liquid Limit tLL)
<br />cobbles
<br />3' to 12'
<br />L.aboratory Tests
<br />00
<br />Dy dEtISFIY PC�
<br />Oc Orgamccontem
<br />WD
<br />Wel density PCI
<br />S Percent of saturation v:
<br />fin C
<br />Nalualmoisjureconteril
<br />SG S,"ecific gravity
<br />LL
<br />Liquid limit 74
<br />C Cohesion Psi
<br />PL
<br />Plaszic lim.1 �4
<br />0 Angle of internal hiclion
<br />P1
<br />PJ30CITLY InUes
<br />qu Unconfined compressive strength- psi
<br />P200
<br />',, PaSVng 200 sievie
<br />qP Pocxel penelfornelef strength, t5t
<br />011
<br />MH or
<br />OH
<br />rdlL or 0
<br />or 0
<br />'�77�7
<br />to is 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 90 100 110
<br />Parlicle Size Identification
<br />nnuldefs
<br />Liquid Limit tLL)
<br />cobbles
<br />3' to 12'
<br />L.aboratory Tests
<br />00
<br />Dy dEtISFIY PC�
<br />Oc Orgamccontem
<br />WD
<br />Wel density PCI
<br />S Percent of saturation v:
<br />fin C
<br />Nalualmoisjureconteril
<br />SG S,"ecific gravity
<br />LL
<br />Liquid limit 74
<br />C Cohesion Psi
<br />PL
<br />Plaszic lim.1 �4
<br />0 Angle of internal hiclion
<br />P1
<br />PJ30CITLY InUes
<br />qu Unconfined compressive strength- psi
<br />P200
<br />',, PaSVng 200 sievie
<br />qP Pocxel penelfornelef strength, t5t
<br />Parlicle Size Identification
<br />nnuldefs
<br />over 12'
<br />cobbles
<br />3' to 12'
<br />Gravel
<br />MedLOM
<br />Coarse
<br />314' to 3'
<br />Fine
<br />No 4 to 314'
<br />Sand
<br />Very S I it.,
<br />Coarse
<br />No 4 to No 10
<br />Mediurn
<br />No 10 to No 40
<br />Fwie
<br />No 40 to No 200
<br />Silt
<br />< No. 200. V[< 4 or
<br />belciv; 'A- line
<br />Clay
<br />< No 200. PI it 4 and
<br />an or aboveA' line
<br />Relative Density of
<br />Cohesionless Soils
<br />Very loose 0 10 4 8PF
<br />Loose 5 to ICBPF
<br />Medium dense I! to 30 OPF
<br />clanse 31 to 50 SPF
<br />Very dens e over So OPF
<br />Consistency of Cohesive Soils
<br />wry soft
<br />0 to I BP '
<br />Soft
<br />2 lo 3 BPF
<br />Rather so�,
<br />4 to 5 6PF
<br />MedLOM
<br />6 !a 8 BPF
<br />Rather stir
<br />9 to 12 BPF
<br />&M
<br />1310 16 BPF
<br />Very S I it.,
<br />17 to 30 BPF
<br />Halo
<br />over 30 BPF
<br />Drilling Notes
<br />&'andard penelratiori ItLlst rQnngs were advanced t�y 3 114- or 6 $14'
<br />ID hol!ow-stepri augers unless noted 01herw[se. Jelling waler was used
<br />to clean out auger Prior 10 sampling only where indicated an logs
<br />Slancaid peneiralion test borings are designated by the prefix 'ST'
<br />(Split Tube) All samples were taken viith the Standard 2' 00 spId-lube
<br />sampler elx�epj where noted
<br />Power auger Wrings wele advanced by 4 or 6' diameter continuous -
<br />night solid-slem augers Bad classifications and strala depths were in.
<br />FE!rrpd learn disturbed Samples augered to the surfaceand are, therefore,
<br />Si�imewhat approximate Power auger barings are designated by the
<br />p,efix "B -
<br />Hand aucef bonras were advanced manually with a 1 1/2' or 3 1/4'
<br />diameter augerandwere limited tolhedeplh f(arnwhch Ine augericould
<br />bernanuallywithdrawn Hand auger borm9l; ale Indl=ed by the prefix
<br />BPF: Numbers rrldrc�qle b!cws per toot reCorded in standard penetration
<br />test, also known as'N' value. The sampler was sel 6- into urnoisturb2d
<br />SOLibelc�w-t,.etiollow-steinatiget Driving resistances were then counted
<br />to, Secant! and third 6' increments arid added 10 get BPF Where they
<br />Mitered sign-ficarilly iney are reported in Me raltowipq form 2112 for the
<br />second and ihird 6' ioCiernentS respec!ivaly,
<br />WK liARI indcales the sampler penetrated Soil undef weight at hamnier
<br />and rods alone driving not required
<br />WR: WR rid,ra[es the samrier Perlelialea $011 under weight at rods
<br />al,Dna hammcr vireighland driving not requrred
<br />TW ind,cales lhrr�.,Vaijpa iL)ndl$hntaedj1 fVba Sal
<br />Nolrli� All Tests �-de;e run in aeneral aC1.0faafTe w4h aDp4cahleASTM
<br />slandairds
<br />Rev "V,
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