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Descriptive Terminology of Soil
<br />Standard D 2487 - 00
<br />Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
<br />(Unified Soil Classification Systern)
<br />Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and
<br />i��Soils Classification
<br />Group
<br />I
<br />Group Names Using Laboratory Tests
<br />Gravel
<br />Symboll
<br />Group Name
<br />0
<br />Gravels
<br />1 C lean Gravels
<br />C,;�t 4 and 1 <
<br />_C':�
<br />GW
<br />Vlelkgtaoi
<br />'fa
<br />W
<br />r vlo'e tharl 1 uc'�' of
<br />coarse t(action
<br />5`� Ss fin-,
<br />- or
<br />1__'
<br />C�< 4 and/of 1 > C,> 3 c
<br />GP
<br />Pooflygiaded gravel'
<br />in
<br />a
<br />retained on
<br />No 4 sieve
<br />Gravels with Fines
<br />I
<br />More than 12-�', lines
<br />Fines classify as ML or MH
<br />Fines classify as CIL or CH
<br />GM
<br />GC
<br />_§LnA,_iLa�e _._
<br />Clavey oravel
<br />on or above 'A' line
<br />Sands
<br />Clean Sands
<br />C,, -t 6 and I S C� :5� 3
<br />SW
<br />vVelf-graded sand
<br />17� 6 a ndfor 1 1 C, > 3
<br />SP
<br />PooCy graded sand
<br />11
<br />6
<br />E Z
<br />50^ '� of more of
<br />coarse fraction
<br />51, or less fines I
<br />l--_-______4
<br />0 W
<br />Q
<br />passes
<br />Sands with Fines
<br />Fines classify as MI -or MH
<br />SM
<br />Silly sand
<br />E
<br />No 4 sieve
<br />More than 12
<br />Fines classify as CL or CH
<br />SC
<br />Clayey sand
<br />(V
<br />d'i
<br />Incfganic
<br />.1
<br />PI 7 and plots an or above 'A' (,�'e I
<br />CL
<br />Lean clay
<br />Silts and Clays
<br />PI < 4 or plots below'A- line'
<br />fAL
<br />Sit" - "
<br />W
<br />Uquid firmt
<br />>
<br />!ess Nan 50
<br />Organic
<br />Liqwd firritt - oven dried
<br />075
<br />OL
<br />Organic ciay
<br />L-QuId limit - hot dried
<br />OL
<br />Organic silt
<br />'E
<br />Silts and clays
<br />Incrganic
<br />Pf plots on or above -A' line
<br />CH
<br />Fat cfav
<br />PI plots 0elow 'A- hrie
<br />PA H
<br />Elastic silt
<br />Z
<br />Liquid lirna
<br />50 of n -*re
<br />Organic
<br />Liquid limit - oven cried
<br />OH
<br />Organic c�ay
<br />Liquid linnil - no-, dried
<br />OH
<br />Organicsilt'
<br />Highly Organic Soils
<br />Primarily organic matler� dark in color and organic odor
<br />PT
<br />Peat
<br />a Baseacri the ma!o,*.a1ra5,,,qr,,e � 2�;-', �,nm�s�,e
<br />If (,etd cc"O!es V io, M�' actl -11 C, V VC -It" I,
<br />C, - D, I D,, C D
<br />D_:1 r) --
<br />o if 5ca ZX'Inllamlik� I slit"d acl 11 !` sal"I
<br />GV1GIA g,a,e! wf,� s �t
<br />GWGC 'efl-grack�d pfa.e! 'VA'� C:zl'
<br />GP�C'M C-Car;y o'adfec Q�a'ei , tr; 5�a
<br />GP,GC yac4 it� da�
<br />T,'65 Castf�' as CL ?J� -se dlW syrnt'<4 GC -GM cr SC SM,
<br />h It SoO conlaxis > !""A adc a' i't!' to rfo'��
<br />San 5 1,- f�,e' �e-4vre CL�a� frto�5
<br />SVV'Shi .e I q
<br />'facec sarc
<br />SVV-sc we'l�olad'�d �X'c A"
<br />SP'SM W11 .1ti" -1:
<br />sp-sc '-�aaeo Ih c�by
<br />I It Artemprp Prngs p:M ;,, nalct,,&i wea so � is a CLJAL stity - ,,v
<br />It SoA 0 � 3�'I$ 1 C' ;-Z� _""-a "�'_ s N�; 2"C' znc ' "'In sa'IT C%' -'.V�!n qfa'et' vieqomnan!
<br />2"'o P*efdCm'_a,,':ir5a-4 ada'sa!'4�'
<br />ado qfae��Y
<br />'i PI arc pici5 r�n o' aoe A w�e
<br />0 Pi < 4 of Plots belcy; A- ;�flt
<br />P I') r'ots or a, abo,e A
<br />q ;,I ro'!5 P '�'c
<br />60
<br />5C
<br />40
<br />X
<br />30
<br />20
<br />a.
<br />10
<br />7
<br />4
<br />0
<br />0 10 16 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 90 too 1`10
<br />Liquid Limit (LL)
<br />Particle Size Identification
<br />0culiets
<br />over 12'
<br />Cobbles
<br />3- to 12'
<br />Gravel
<br />Medium
<br />Coarse
<br />3/4' to 3'
<br />Frne
<br />No 4 to 314'
<br />Sand
<br />V�ry still
<br />Coarse
<br />No 4 to No 10
<br />Medium
<br />No 10 to No 40
<br />Fine
<br />No 40 to No 200
<br />Silt
<br />< No. 200 PI < 4 or
<br />C
<br />below'A� fine
<br />Clay
<br />< No 200, Pl,� 4 and
<br />0
<br />on or above 'A' line
<br />PI
<br />PlasliciTy �ndf'x
<br />qu
<br />Unconfined compressive s,;renojh, p -,f
<br />P200
<br />passing 200 s;eve
<br />qP
<br />Pcc�.et pcnelfome:er strength, is'
<br />Re. 7V,
<br />d'i
<br />MH cif r OH
<br />k6�
<br />ML r OL
<br />1
<br />1
<br />7 1
<br />0 10 16 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 90 too 1`10
<br />Liquid Limit (LL)
<br />Particle Size Identification
<br />0culiets
<br />over 12'
<br />Cobbles
<br />3- to 12'
<br />Gravel
<br />Medium
<br />Coarse
<br />3/4' to 3'
<br />Frne
<br />No 4 to 314'
<br />Sand
<br />V�ry still
<br />Coarse
<br />No 4 to No 10
<br />Medium
<br />No 10 to No 40
<br />Fine
<br />No 40 to No 200
<br />Silt
<br />< No. 200 PI < 4 or
<br />C
<br />below'A� fine
<br />Clay
<br />< No 200, Pl,� 4 and
<br />0
<br />on or above 'A' line
<br />Relative Density of
<br />Cohesionless Soils
<br />Very loose 0 to 4 BPF
<br />Loose 5 to 10 BPF
<br />Medium dense 11 to 30 BPF
<br />Dense 2 1 to 50 BPF
<br />Very dense over 50 OPF
<br />Consistency of Cohesive Soils
<br />�,Iery soft
<br />0 to I BP ' ;�
<br />Soft
<br />2 to 3 BPP
<br />Rather soft
<br />.1, to 5 EIPF
<br />Medium
<br />6!08 6PF
<br />Rather stiff
<br />9 to 12 BPF
<br />Still
<br />13 to 16 BPF
<br />V�ry still
<br />17 to 30 OPF
<br />Hard
<br />over 30 BPF
<br />Drilling Notes
<br />Standard Pen,_`Jat;or1 test 00(ingswere advanced by 3 1/4'or 6 1/4'
<br />ID h0l!Ow�s!ern augers unless noted otherwise, Jelling wale. r was used
<br />to clean oul auger prior to sampling only where indicated on logs
<br />Siancard penetrawn test boring$ ate designated by the prefix 'ST'
<br />(Sphilube) All samples were taken with the sta ndara 2' 00 split -tube
<br />sampler except where noted
<br />Power auger borings ,iese advanced by 4 or Ei'diameter continuous -
<br />night solid -stem augers Soil classifications and strata depths were in-
<br />ferre�d fromaisturbed samplesaugered Ito the surfaceand are, therefore�
<br />sornewhai approximate Powcr auger borings ale designated by the
<br />Prefix -B -
<br />Hand auger borings were advanced manually with a 1 1/2' or 3 114'
<br />dtameler auger an;were limited tothedepth frornwhoh the aUgerCOUld
<br />bernanuailyMhdrawn Hand auger borings are indicated by the prefix
<br />If ,
<br />BPF: Nurntiers indicate b:o%vs per toot recorded in standard penetration
<br />test, also known as -N' value, The sampler was sell 6' into undisturbed
<br />st'd below he hollovv�stemauger Driving resisftinceswere then counted
<br />to, second and third 6- increments arid added to get BPF Where they
<br />dMered s;gmficantiy they are reported in the following forn 1 2112 for the
<br />respectively.
<br />WH: VIM indicates the sampler penetrated soil under weight of hammer
<br />and rods alone driving notrequired
<br />VVR: WR indtcatrs the sampler penetrated soil under weight of rods
<br />alone hammer we,ght arid criving not required
<br />TW snd,caje:� th,n�wailec (inaiswrted'i tube sample
<br />Laboratory Tests Note. Ail resis,&Pte run in aereral aCCcoar.Ceiepl�, appj;cabieA5T!%A
<br />slandaTils
<br />DO
<br />Drvdensfty pc�
<br />Oc
<br />Orrianiccontent
<br />WD
<br />we� density, P0
<br />S
<br />Percent of saturation
<br />Mc
<br />Naloraimo:stureconterit
<br />SG
<br />Specificgravity
<br />LL
<br />Utimid limit
<br />C
<br />Cohesion. pst
<br />PL
<br />plastic limit
<br />0
<br />Angfe of internal trict,on
<br />PI
<br />PlasliciTy �ndf'x
<br />qu
<br />Unconfined compressive s,;renojh, p -,f
<br />P200
<br />passing 200 s;eve
<br />qP
<br />Pcc�.et pcnelfome:er strength, is'
<br />Re. 7V,
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