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Big Island Nature Park Management Plan November 2011 <br />____________________________________________________________________________ <br />15 <br /> <br />small-scale disturbances, in which native species are broadcast seeded in a <br />matrix of existing non-native grasses. Node seeding reduces ground <br />disturbance, leading to less possibility of erosion and less disruption of <br />recreational use. Node seeding also has significant cost savings over tilling or <br />herbicide treatment and then broadcast seeding the entire area, and has been <br />shown to have similar resulting species richness. Detailed specifications are <br />available in Grygiel et al. 2009. <br /> The seed mix for the recreation area shall be 36-211 (MN state mix for <br />woodland edge) or similar. Source of origin of seed shall be as close as possible <br />to the project site, with a maximum distance of 150 miles. <br /> Tree planting—some planting was already completed as part of the 2008/2009 <br />District capital project. Additional planting may be desirable in the recreation <br />area and in former campsites where there is little or no shrub layer. Plant <br />material origin shall be as close to the project site as possible. Spacing of plants <br />shall be planned to achieve target canopy cover of 70 – 90 % in the maple- <br />basswood forest, and 25 – 50 % for any recreation area plantings. <br />Recommended species below: <br /> <br />Common Name Species Name <br />Maple-Basswood Forest Species <br />Sugar Maple Acer saccharum <br />Basswood Tilia americana <br />Hackberry Celtis occidentalis <br />Ironwood Ostrya virginiana <br />Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis <br />Recreation Area Species <br />Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa <br /> <br /> Shrub planting—some shrub planting was previously done in conjunction with <br />the 2008/2009 capital project. Additional shrub planting may be desirable in <br />former campsite areas that currently lack a shrub layer. Plants shall be spaced <br />to achieve a patchy shrub canopy; for example, shrubs could be placed in <br />groups of 3-5 plants of a single species. Plant material origin shall be as close <br />to the project site as possible. Recommended species below: <br /> <br />Common Name Species Name <br />Forest planting <br />Saskatoon Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia <br />Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa <br />Pagoda Dogwood Cornus alternifolia <br />Red-twig Dogwood Cornus stolonifera <br />Bush Honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera <br />American Elderberry Sambucus canadensis <br />Red-berried Elder Sambucus pubens <br />Barrier along bluff top trails <br />Prickly Ash Xanthoxylum americanum